本文關(guān)鍵詞： 汽輪機(jī) 轉(zhuǎn)子 溫度場 應(yīng)力場 ANSYS 壽命損耗 PI接口　出處：《浙江大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：隨著我國經(jīng)濟(jì)的高速發(fā)展,電力的生產(chǎn)和消費(fèi)在國民經(jīng)濟(jì)中起著越來越大的作用,電網(wǎng)的峰谷差值日益突出,原來帶額定負(fù)荷運(yùn)行的大中容量機(jī)組將不能經(jīng)常滿負(fù)荷運(yùn)行,而是參與調(diào)峰,調(diào)峰時啟動停機(jī)和負(fù)荷變化非常頻繁,導(dǎo)致汽輪機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)子內(nèi)部產(chǎn)生較大的溫度梯度,會產(chǎn)生很大的熱變形和熱應(yīng)力,并且部件內(nèi)部也會有低周率的熱交變應(yīng)力,在高溫條件下會引起材料的塑性變形,在轉(zhuǎn)子表面產(chǎn)生裂紋,使得機(jī)組的壽命損耗與帶基本負(fù)荷時相比大大增加,而汽輪機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)子作為電力生產(chǎn)中的一個重要部件,其壽命的長短直接影響到整個生產(chǎn)鏈的運(yùn)營狀況,并且隨著越來越多的大容量、高參數(shù)機(jī)組的投入運(yùn)行,反動式汽輪機(jī)所占比重也變得越來越大,因此深入研究反動式機(jī)組轉(zhuǎn)子的壽命損耗具有很重要的實際意義。 運(yùn)用ANSYS有限元分析軟件,對某汽輪機(jī)制造廠商150MW反動轉(zhuǎn)鼓式汽輪機(jī)組轉(zhuǎn)子在啟動過程中的溫度場和應(yīng)力場進(jìn)行了計算分析,建立轉(zhuǎn)子二維有限元模型,設(shè)置材料熱屬性和單元屬性,首先加載換熱系數(shù)和初始條件,計算出轉(zhuǎn)子的溫度場,隨后轉(zhuǎn)變單元屬性,加載材料的結(jié)構(gòu)屬性和溫度場計算結(jié)果,進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)子應(yīng)力場的計算。 通過轉(zhuǎn)變?nèi)~片的材料為正交材料,消除離心力對熱應(yīng)力的抵消作用,計算結(jié)果中在調(diào)節(jié)級左右兩側(cè)拐角處的應(yīng)力值與各向同性材料計算時相比大了約20MPa左右。其他表面的應(yīng)力變化會根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)子葉片產(chǎn)生離心應(yīng)力大小變化而變化,在高壓缸第一級和中壓缸第一級附近,其差值約為40-50MPa。此次啟動用時300min,啟動過程中的最大應(yīng)力值出現(xiàn)在剛開始啟動時,大小約為160MPa,遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)低于轉(zhuǎn)子材料的屈服極限504MPa。 隨后在原有壽命損耗檢測軟件的基礎(chǔ)上,通過PI接口的設(shè)計,改變原計算軟件的計算流程,消除PI數(shù)據(jù)庫的安全隱患,實現(xiàn)某電廠汽輪機(jī)組在線運(yùn)行情況的實時監(jiān)測。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of our economy , the production and consumption of electric power plays a more and more important role in the national economy , the peak - valley difference of the power grid is increasingly prominent , the large medium - capacity unit with rated load operation will not be always full - load operation , but the large medium - capacity unit with rated load will not always carry out full - load operation , but also has high thermal deformation and thermal stress , and the turbine rotor is used as an important part in electric power production , and the service life of the turbine rotor is directly affected to the operation condition of the whole production chain . By using ANSYS finite element analysis software , the temperature field and stress field of a 150MW reverse rotating drum type steam turbine set rotor in a steam turbine manufacturer are calculated and analyzed , the two - dimensional finite element model of the rotor is established , the thermal properties and the unit properties of the rotor are set up , the temperature field of the rotor is first loaded , the temperature field of the rotor is calculated , the structure property of the loading material and the calculation result of the temperature field are calculated , and the calculation of the rotor stress field is carried out . The effect of centrifugal force on the thermal stress is eliminated by changing the material of the blade as the orthogonal material . The stress value of other surfaces is about 20 MPa as compared with the calculation of isotropic material . The stress change of other surfaces is about 40 - 50MPa in the vicinity of the first stage of the high - pressure cylinder and the first stage of the medium - pressure cylinder . At the time of start - up , the maximum stress value appears at about 160MPa , which is much lower than the yield limit of the rotor material 504MPa . then on the basis of the original life loss detection software , through the design of the PI interface , the calculation flow of the original calculation software is changed , the potential safety hazard of the PI database is eliminated , and real - time monitoring of the on - line operation of a steam turbine group of a power plant is realized .

【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TK263;TP311.52

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