本文關(guān)鍵詞： 高原環(huán)境 柴油機(jī) 冷卻系統(tǒng) 多場(chǎng)耦合　出處：《大連理工大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：隨著我國(guó)西部大開發(fā)戰(zhàn)略的深入,高原交通運(yùn)輸能力成為發(fā)展的重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)。柴油機(jī)作為重型載重貨車及內(nèi)燃機(jī)車的核心也需要適應(yīng)高原環(huán)境條件,為高原經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展做出貢獻(xiàn)。柴油機(jī)的高原熱平衡能力作為高原適應(yīng)性的一個(gè)分支越來(lái)越多的得到各界的重視,高原地區(qū)低壓、低溫的特點(diǎn)對(duì)柴油機(jī)冷卻系統(tǒng)提出了苛刻的要求。針對(duì)高原柴油機(jī)熱管理的各類實(shí)驗(yàn)及數(shù)值模擬方法也逐步完善,成為開發(fā)設(shè)計(jì)高原柴油機(jī)冷卻系統(tǒng)的不可或缺的手段。本文以某12缸V型高原柴油機(jī)為研究對(duì)象,運(yùn)用專業(yè)CFD模擬軟件FLUENT對(duì)冷卻系統(tǒng)的流動(dòng)和換熱能力做了評(píng)估,并聯(lián)合ANSYS-Workbench的靜力學(xué)分析模塊實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)單缸缸蓋的熱-機(jī)耦合應(yīng)力分析。首先分析了高海拔地區(qū)冷卻水物性參數(shù)的變化,并針對(duì)4個(gè)不同海拔選取了對(duì)應(yīng)濃度的乙二醇溶液作為該海拔下的冷卻介質(zhì),利用該結(jié)果對(duì)不同海拔下的整機(jī)冷卻水套進(jìn)行了絕熱流動(dòng)模擬,并對(duì)比海拔2000m的模擬結(jié)果與試驗(yàn)值進(jìn)行有效性驗(yàn)證。然后選取流動(dòng)效果最差的海拔5000m下的第6缸建立氣缸蓋-冷卻水套-氣缸套流固耦合模型研究缸體換熱能力。之后提出將進(jìn)排氣流動(dòng)換熱加入耦合系統(tǒng)構(gòu)成氣-液-固三相流固耦合模型進(jìn)行綜合換熱模擬,并將結(jié)果與不考慮進(jìn)排氣流動(dòng)時(shí)缸蓋溫度分布及缸蓋測(cè)點(diǎn)溫度進(jìn)行對(duì)比,發(fā)現(xiàn)加入進(jìn)排氣后的缸蓋溫度更加接近實(shí)際情況。然后針對(duì)水套局部流動(dòng)不暢提出了結(jié)構(gòu)改進(jìn)措施,對(duì)改進(jìn)后系統(tǒng)再次進(jìn)行耦合換熱模擬,發(fā)現(xiàn)改進(jìn)后火力面水套排氣側(cè)伸出部流動(dòng)被激活,缸蓋對(duì)應(yīng)部位溫度明顯下降。最后利用ANSYS-Workbench對(duì)改進(jìn)后的缸蓋進(jìn)行了熱-機(jī)耦合應(yīng)力分析和強(qiáng)度校核,結(jié)果表明在導(dǎo)入熱載荷、機(jī)械應(yīng)力及裝配約束的聯(lián)合作用下缸蓋滿足強(qiáng)度要求。
[Abstract]:With the development of China's western development strategy, plateau transportation capacity has become the focus and difficulty of development. As the core of heavy truck and diesel locomotive, diesel engine also needs to adapt to the plateau environment. As a branch of plateau adaptability, diesel engine's plateau heat balance ability has been paid more and more attention to, plateau area low pressure. The characteristics of low temperature put forward harsh requirements for diesel engine cooling system. All kinds of experimental and numerical simulation methods for plateau diesel engine thermal management have been gradually improved. It has become an indispensable means to develop and design the cooling system of plateau diesel engine. In this paper, a 12-cylinder V-type plateau diesel engine is taken as the research object. The flow and heat transfer capacity of the cooling system was evaluated with the professional CFD simulation software FLUENT. Combined with the statics analysis module of ANSYS-Workbench, the thermal-mechanical coupling stress analysis of single cylinder head is realized. Firstly, the variation of physical parameters of cooling water at high altitude is analyzed. At four different elevations, the corresponding concentration of ethylene glycol solution was chosen as the cooling medium at the same altitude, and the adiabatic flow of the cooling water jacket at different altitudes was simulated by using the results. The simulation results of 2000m above sea level and the experimental results were compared to verify the validity of the model. Then, the sixth cylinder with the worst flow effect was selected to establish the fluid-solid coupling model of cylinder head, cooling water jacket and cylinder liner. The heat transfer capacity of cylinder block is studied. After that, the gas-liquid-solid three-phase fluid-solid coupling model is proposed to simulate the heat transfer by adding the inlet and exhaust flow heat transfer into the coupled system. The results are compared with the temperature distribution of the cylinder head and the temperature of the measuring point of the cylinder head without considering the inlet and exhaust flow. It is found that the cylinder head temperature is closer to the actual situation after the inlet and exhaust. Then the structural improvement measures are put forward in view of the local flow of the water jacket, and the coupling heat transfer simulation of the improved system is carried out again. It is found that the flow of the outstretched side of the water jacket side of the firepower surface is activated after the improvement. Finally, the thermal-mechanical coupling stress analysis and strength check of the improved cylinder head are carried out by using ANSYS-Workbench. The results show that the heat load is introduced. The combined action of mechanical stress and assembly constraint satisfies the strength requirement of cylinder head.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：TK423

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