【摘要】：物流配送合理利用社會(huì)資源,有效降低能源消耗,在優(yōu)化產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)、完善產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈、提升經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)行質(zhì)量等方面發(fā)揮著強(qiáng)大的促進(jìn)作用。其中,車(chē)輛路徑優(yōu)化是物流配送問(wèn)題的一項(xiàng)重要研究?jī)?nèi)容。選擇合適的車(chē)輛路徑,不僅能降低貨物運(yùn)輸和配送的成本,提高企業(yè)和社會(huì)效益,同時(shí)能節(jié)省能源,保護(hù)環(huán)境,緩解交通壓力。 GIS是對(duì)空間信息進(jìn)行收集、存儲(chǔ)、分析以及可視化表達(dá)的信息管理系統(tǒng),主要應(yīng)用于對(duì)一定區(qū)域范圍內(nèi)分布的現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行分析處理,同時(shí)進(jìn)行規(guī)劃管理以及決策。因此,本文設(shè)計(jì)了一個(gè)基于GIS技術(shù)的物流配送系統(tǒng)。利用ArcGIS平臺(tái)技術(shù)中的網(wǎng)絡(luò)分析模塊,計(jì)算物流中心與客戶(hù)以及客戶(hù)與客戶(hù)之間的距離矩陣,使用蟻群算法得到能夠滿(mǎn)足用戶(hù)所需貨物需求、時(shí)間窗口需求、總體路徑最短、運(yùn)輸成本最小的配送策略,最后使用ArcGIS技術(shù)為客戶(hù)提供可視化的界面。 此外,本文對(duì)車(chē)輛路徑問(wèn)題求解所用的蟻群算法的路徑選擇機(jī)制、信息激素更新機(jī)制進(jìn)行了改進(jìn),一方面,通過(guò)隨機(jī)性選擇和確定性選擇相結(jié)合的方式,在信息素濃度最大的路徑上,按照一定的規(guī)則進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)移,對(duì)于其它的可選路徑,則根據(jù)輪盤(pán)賭的方式來(lái)選擇。確定性可以保證螞蟻總是選擇轉(zhuǎn)移概率最大的路徑,而隨機(jī)性則可以避免算法過(guò)快的收斂于局部最優(yōu)解；另一方面,充分利用目前已經(jīng)找到的最優(yōu)解,在每次循環(huán)之后,依據(jù)當(dāng)前循環(huán)中最優(yōu)解的螞蟻的信息素對(duì)所有路徑上的信息素濃度進(jìn)行更新；除此之外,采用信息素平滑方法通過(guò)增強(qiáng)信息素軌跡量較低的解元素的信息素軌跡量,從而提高選擇其選擇概率,來(lái)擴(kuò)大算法的搜索范圍。 最后,以重慶市煙草公司為例,設(shè)計(jì)基于GIS技術(shù)的物流配送系統(tǒng)得以實(shí)現(xiàn)。而通過(guò)該系統(tǒng),煙草公司車(chē)輛的裝載率提高了三分之一,送貨的次數(shù)降低了三分之二,有效的避免了車(chē)輛出行不滿(mǎn)載的情況,同時(shí)節(jié)約了將近二分之一的物流配送成本,取得了明顯的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。
[Abstract]:Logistics distribution makes rational use of social resources, effectively reduces energy consumption, and plays a strong role in optimizing industrial structure, perfecting industrial chain and improving the quality of economic operation. Among them, vehicle routing optimization is an important research content of logistics distribution problem. Choosing the appropriate vehicle path can not only reduce the cost of freight transportation and distribution, improve the social and social benefits, but also save energy, protect the environment and alleviate the traffic pressure. GIS is an information management system for collecting, storing, analyzing and visually expressing spatial information. It is mainly used to analyze and process the phenomena distributed in a certain area, and to carry out planning management and decision-making at the same time. Therefore, this paper designs a logistics distribution system based on GIS technology. Using the network analysis module of ArcGIS platform technology, the distance matrix between logistics center and customer, as well as between customer and customer is calculated, and the ant colony algorithm is used to obtain the distribution strategy which can meet the needs of goods, time window, the shortest overall path and the least transportation cost. Finally, ArcGIS technology is used to provide a visual interface for customers. In addition, this paper improves the path selection mechanism and information hormone updating mechanism of ant colony algorithm used to solve vehicle routing problem. On the one hand, through the combination of random selection and deterministic selection, the path with the maximum pheromone concentration is transferred according to certain rules, and for other optional paths, it is selected according to roulette. Certainty can ensure that ants always choose the path with the largest transition probability, while randomness can avoid the algorithm converging too quickly to the local optimal solution. On the other hand, make full use of the optimal solution that has been found at present, after each cycle, update the pheromone concentration on all paths according to the pheromone of the ant with the optimal solution in the current cycle. In addition, the pheromone smoothing method is used to expand the search range of the algorithm by enhancing the information element trajectory of the solution elements with low pheromone trajectory, so as to improve the selection probability of the solution elements. Finally, taking Chongqing Tobacco Company as an example, the logistics distribution system based on GIS technology is designed. Through this system, the loading rate of tobacco company vehicles is increased by 1/3, the number of delivery is reduced by 2/3, the vehicle travel is not full of load, and nearly 1/2 of the logistics distribution cost is saved, and obvious economic benefits are obtained.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：P208;TP311.52

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 石欣,程代杰;區(qū)域配送中心物流調(diào)度模型[J];重慶大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(自然科學(xué)版);2004年01期

2 夏國(guó)成;趙佳寶;;智能螞蟻算法求解多目標(biāo)TSP問(wèn)題的改進(jìn)研究[J];計(jì)算機(jī)工程與應(yīng)用;2006年09期

3 郭平;鄢文晉;;基于TSP問(wèn)題的蟻群算法綜述[J];計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué);2007年10期

4 萬(wàn)旭,林健良,楊曉偉;改進(jìn)的最大-最小螞蟻算法在有時(shí)間窗車(chē)輛路徑問(wèn)題中的應(yīng)用[J];計(jì)算機(jī)集成制造系統(tǒng);2005年04期

5 胡小兵,黃席樾;蟻群優(yōu)化算法及其應(yīng)用[J];計(jì)算機(jī)仿真;2004年05期

6 馬良,姚儉,范炳全;螞蟻算法在交通配流中的應(yīng)用[J];科技通報(bào);2003年05期

7 王穎,謝劍英;一種自適應(yīng)蟻群算法及其仿真研究[J];系統(tǒng)仿真學(xué)報(bào);2002年01期

8 崔雪麗,馬良,范炳全;車(chē)輛路徑問(wèn)題(VRP)的螞蟻搜索算法[J];系統(tǒng)工程學(xué)報(bào);2004年04期

9 姜大立,楊西龍,杜文,周賢偉;車(chē)輛路徑問(wèn)題的遺傳算法研究[J];系統(tǒng)工程理論與實(shí)踐;1999年06期

10 覃剛力,楊家本;自適應(yīng)調(diào)整信息素的蟻群算法[J];信息與控制;2002年03期

，

本文編號(hào)：2511208