【摘要】：精密單點單位技術(shù)（PPP）不需要坐標(biāo)已知的固定參考站，不受基線長度的制約，單臺接收機即可在全球范圍內(nèi)進行靜態(tài)或動態(tài)定位，并且能直接得到全球同精度的ITRF框架內(nèi)的精密三維坐標(biāo)。本文以大面積礦區(qū)高精度變形監(jiān)測為背景，結(jié)合PPP關(guān)鍵技術(shù)展開相關(guān)研究，結(jié)合實例分析了基于區(qū)域增強PPP在礦區(qū)變形監(jiān)測中的應(yīng)用。本文主要研究成果和貢獻如下： 1）提出質(zhì)心拉格朗日插值法對PPP鐘差和軌道數(shù)據(jù)進行預(yù)處理，該方法只需在拉格朗日插值的形式上稍作改變，簡單方便。實驗結(jié)果表明插值階數(shù)為13時，穩(wěn)定在毫米級。無論是最大誤差還是RMS，Z方向插值效果均優(yōu)于X、Y方向。 2）利用區(qū)域CORS站點聯(lián)合周圍IGS跟蹤站，研究了基于IGU預(yù)報軌道實時估算衛(wèi)星鐘差的方法，并探討了非差模糊度固定的精密單點定位方法。該方法對于提高PPP精度和可靠性具有一定的參考價值。 3）針對PPP的隨機模型和函數(shù)模型，分別提出了先驗信息定權(quán)法和EMD修正非差觀測值法。該方法能夠準(zhǔn)確地確定觀測值的權(quán)重和有效地減弱非建模誤差的影響。 4）提出PSO優(yōu)化BP神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)，改變BP算法依賴梯度信息指導(dǎo)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的方法來調(diào)整權(quán)重，利用PSO算法全局性搜索的特點，尋找最為合適的網(wǎng)絡(luò)連接權(quán)值和閾值，提高BP神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的泛化能力。BP神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)具有很強的函數(shù)逼近和模式識別能力，通過PSO優(yōu)化BP神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)能夠提高修正動力學(xué)模型和進行異常檢測的能力。 5）分析PPP歷元間差分模型的實時解算精度，，當(dāng)考慮對流延遲的影響，并顧及對流層水平梯度引起的信號延遲。結(jié)果表明可以顯著消除系統(tǒng)誤差，一定程度上提高定位精度。 6）分析了精密單點定位用于大面積礦區(qū)變形監(jiān)測的精度，實例計算結(jié)果表明經(jīng)過4小時的連續(xù)觀測即可獲得毫米級的定位精度。該技術(shù)因無需建立變形監(jiān)測基準(zhǔn)點，在大區(qū)域變形監(jiān)測應(yīng)用中有廣泛的前景。為了確定監(jiān)測點的瞬時歷元的精確坐標(biāo)，提出了基于速率信息和實測結(jié)果的抗差卡爾曼濾波模型。
文內(nèi)圖片：
圖片說明：滑動式算法原理圖
[Abstract]:Precision single point unit technology (PPP) does not need fixed reference station with known coordinates, and is not restricted by the length of baseline. a single receiver can locate static or dynamic around the world, and can directly obtain precise 3D coordinates in the framework of ITRF with the same precision in the world. In this paper, based on the background of high precision deformation monitoring in large area mining area, combined with the key technology of PPP, the application of regional enhanced PPP in deformation monitoring in mining area is analyzed with an example. The main research results and contributions of this paper are as follows: 1) the centrocentric Lagrangian interpolation method is proposed to preprocess PPP clock error and orbit data, which only needs to be changed slightly in the form of Lagrangian interpolation, which is simple and convenient. The experimental results show that the interpolation order is 13:00 and stable at millimeter level. Both the maximum error and the RMS,Z direction interpolation effect are better than X, Y direction. 2) using the regional CORS station and the surrounding IGS tracking station, the method of real-time estimation of satellite clock error based on IGU prediction orbit is studied, and the precise single point positioning method with fixed ambiguity is discussed. This method has certain reference value for improving the accuracy and reliability of PPP. 3) aiming at the stochastic model and function model of PPP, the prior information determination method and EMD modified non-difference observation method are proposed respectively. This method can accurately determine the weight of observation values and effectively reduce the influence of non-modeling errors. 4) PSO is proposed to optimize BP neural network, change the method that BP algorithm relies on gradient information to guide the network to adjust the weight, make use of the global search characteristics of PSO algorithm, find the most suitable network connection weight and threshold, and improve the generalization ability of BP neural network. BP neural network has strong function approximation and pattern recognition ability. Optimizing BP neural network by PSO can improve the ability of modifying dynamic model and abnormal detection. 5) the real-time solution accuracy of PPP calendar difference model is analyzed, when the influence of convective delay is taken into account, and the signal delay caused by tropospheric horizontal gradient is taken into account. The results show that the system error can be eliminated and the positioning accuracy can be improved to a certain extent. 6) the accuracy of precise single point positioning for deformation monitoring in large area mining area is analyzed. The calculation results show that the positioning accuracy of millimeter level can be obtained after 4 hours of continuous observation. This technology has a wide prospect in the application of deformation monitoring in large areas because it does not need to establish deformation monitoring reference points. In order to determine the exact coordinates of the instantaneous calendar of the monitoring points, a robust Kalman filter model based on rate information and measured results is proposed.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國礦業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：TD325;P228.4

【參考文獻】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 陳義;利用精密星歷進行單點定位的數(shù)學(xué)模型和初步分析[J];測繪學(xué)報;2002年S1期

2 袁修孝;付建紅;樓益棟;;基于精密單點定位技術(shù)的GPS輔助空中三角測量[J];測繪學(xué)報;2007年03期

3 張成軍;許其鳳;李作虎;;對偽距/相位組合量探測與修復(fù)周跳算法的改進[J];測繪學(xué)報;2009年05期

4 聶建亮;楊元喜;吳富梅;;一種基于改進粒子濾波的動態(tài)精密單點定位算法[J];測繪學(xué)報;2010年04期

5 張寶成;歐吉坤;袁運斌;鐘世明;;基于GPS雙頻原始觀測值的精密單點定位算法及應(yīng)用[J];測繪學(xué)報;2010年05期

6 黃觀文;涂銳;張勤;王利;李躍華;藺玉亭;;基于基準(zhǔn)站改正信息的實時動態(tài)精密單點定位[J];大地測量與地球動力學(xué);2010年06期

7 肖根如;甘衛(wèi)軍;殷海濤;;GIPSY軟件的GPS數(shù)據(jù)處理策略及應(yīng)用[J];地球物理學(xué)進展;2010年04期

8 李浩軍;王解先;陳俊平;胡叢瑋;王虎;;基于GNSS網(wǎng)絡(luò)的實時精密單點定位及精度分析[J];地球物理學(xué)報;2010年06期

9 張小紅;李星星;郭斐;李盼;王磊;;基于服務(wù)系統(tǒng)的實時精密單點定位技術(shù)及應(yīng)用研究[J];地球物理學(xué)報;2010年06期

10 張寶成;歐吉坤;李子申;袁運斌;;利用精密單點定位求解電離層延遲[J];地球物理學(xué)報;2011年04期

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前2條

1 蔡昌盛;GPS/GLONASS組合精密單點定位理論與方法[D];中國礦業(yè)大學(xué);2008年

2 聶建亮;GPS精密單點定位算法及故障診斷研究[D];長安大學(xué);2010年

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前4條

1 馮來平;GPS多頻觀測數(shù)據(jù)處理方法及應(yīng)用研究[D];解放軍信息工程大學(xué);2009年

2 韋建超;GPS精密單點定位的數(shù)據(jù)處理研究[D];中南大學(xué);2007年

3 包海;GPS精密單點定位中對流層延遲改正模型的研究與分析[D];中南大學(xué);2008年

4 黃觀文;GPS精密單點定位和高精度GPS基線網(wǎng)平差研究及其軟件實現(xiàn)[D];長安大學(xué);2009年

本文編號：2510188