【摘要】：精密單點(diǎn)單位技術(shù)（PPP）不需要坐標(biāo)已知的固定參考站，不受基線長(zhǎng)度的制約，單臺(tái)接收機(jī)即可在全球范圍內(nèi)進(jìn)行靜態(tài)或動(dòng)態(tài)定位，并且能直接得到全球同精度的ITRF框架內(nèi)的精密三維坐標(biāo)。本文以大面積礦區(qū)高精度變形監(jiān)測(cè)為背景，結(jié)合PPP關(guān)鍵技術(shù)展開相關(guān)研究，結(jié)合實(shí)例分析了基于區(qū)域增強(qiáng)PPP在礦區(qū)變形監(jiān)測(cè)中的應(yīng)用。本文主要研究成果和貢獻(xiàn)如下： 1）提出質(zhì)心拉格朗日插值法對(duì)PPP鐘差和軌道數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行預(yù)處理，該方法只需在拉格朗日插值的形式上稍作改變，簡(jiǎn)單方便。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明插值階數(shù)為13時(shí)，穩(wěn)定在毫米級(jí)。無論是最大誤差還是RMS，Z方向插值效果均優(yōu)于X、Y方向。 2）利用區(qū)域CORS站點(diǎn)聯(lián)合周圍IGS跟蹤站，研究了基于IGU預(yù)報(bào)軌道實(shí)時(shí)估算衛(wèi)星鐘差的方法，并探討了非差模糊度固定的精密單點(diǎn)定位方法。該方法對(duì)于提高PPP精度和可靠性具有一定的參考價(jià)值。 3）針對(duì)PPP的隨機(jī)模型和函數(shù)模型，分別提出了先驗(yàn)信息定權(quán)法和EMD修正非差觀測(cè)值法。該方法能夠準(zhǔn)確地確定觀測(cè)值的權(quán)重和有效地減弱非建模誤差的影響。 4）提出PSO優(yōu)化BP神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)，改變BP算法依賴梯度信息指導(dǎo)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的方法來調(diào)整權(quán)重，利用PSO算法全局性搜索的特點(diǎn)，尋找最為合適的網(wǎng)絡(luò)連接權(quán)值和閾值，提高BP神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的泛化能力。BP神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)具有很強(qiáng)的函數(shù)逼近和模式識(shí)別能力，通過PSO優(yōu)化BP神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)能夠提高修正動(dòng)力學(xué)模型和進(jìn)行異常檢測(cè)的能力。 5）分析PPP歷元間差分模型的實(shí)時(shí)解算精度，，當(dāng)考慮對(duì)流延遲的影響，并顧及對(duì)流層水平梯度引起的信號(hào)延遲。結(jié)果表明可以顯著消除系統(tǒng)誤差，一定程度上提高定位精度。 6）分析了精密單點(diǎn)定位用于大面積礦區(qū)變形監(jiān)測(cè)的精度，實(shí)例計(jì)算結(jié)果表明經(jīng)過4小時(shí)的連續(xù)觀測(cè)即可獲得毫米級(jí)的定位精度。該技術(shù)因無需建立變形監(jiān)測(cè)基準(zhǔn)點(diǎn)，在大區(qū)域變形監(jiān)測(cè)應(yīng)用中有廣泛的前景。為了確定監(jiān)測(cè)點(diǎn)的瞬時(shí)歷元的精確坐標(biāo)，提出了基于速率信息和實(shí)測(cè)結(jié)果的抗差卡爾曼濾波模型。
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圖片說明：滑動(dòng)式算法原理圖
[Abstract]:Precision single point unit technology (PPP) does not need fixed reference station with known coordinates, and is not restricted by the length of baseline. a single receiver can locate static or dynamic around the world, and can directly obtain precise 3D coordinates in the framework of ITRF with the same precision in the world. In this paper, based on the background of high precision deformation monitoring in large area mining area, combined with the key technology of PPP, the application of regional enhanced PPP in deformation monitoring in mining area is analyzed with an example. The main research results and contributions of this paper are as follows: 1) the centrocentric Lagrangian interpolation method is proposed to preprocess PPP clock error and orbit data, which only needs to be changed slightly in the form of Lagrangian interpolation, which is simple and convenient. The experimental results show that the interpolation order is 13:00 and stable at millimeter level. Both the maximum error and the RMS,Z direction interpolation effect are better than X, Y direction. 2) using the regional CORS station and the surrounding IGS tracking station, the method of real-time estimation of satellite clock error based on IGU prediction orbit is studied, and the precise single point positioning method with fixed ambiguity is discussed. This method has certain reference value for improving the accuracy and reliability of PPP. 3) aiming at the stochastic model and function model of PPP, the prior information determination method and EMD modified non-difference observation method are proposed respectively. This method can accurately determine the weight of observation values and effectively reduce the influence of non-modeling errors. 4) PSO is proposed to optimize BP neural network, change the method that BP algorithm relies on gradient information to guide the network to adjust the weight, make use of the global search characteristics of PSO algorithm, find the most suitable network connection weight and threshold, and improve the generalization ability of BP neural network. BP neural network has strong function approximation and pattern recognition ability. Optimizing BP neural network by PSO can improve the ability of modifying dynamic model and abnormal detection. 5) the real-time solution accuracy of PPP calendar difference model is analyzed, when the influence of convective delay is taken into account, and the signal delay caused by tropospheric horizontal gradient is taken into account. The results show that the system error can be eliminated and the positioning accuracy can be improved to a certain extent. 6) the accuracy of precise single point positioning for deformation monitoring in large area mining area is analyzed. The calculation results show that the positioning accuracy of millimeter level can be obtained after 4 hours of continuous observation. This technology has a wide prospect in the application of deformation monitoring in large areas because it does not need to establish deformation monitoring reference points. In order to determine the exact coordinates of the instantaneous calendar of the monitoring points, a robust Kalman filter model based on rate information and measured results is proposed.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國礦業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：TD325;P228.4

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