基于地理國情普查的湖北省綠色空間研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-06-17 12:06
【摘要】：伴隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)迅猛發(fā)展,生活水平不斷提升,大眾對(duì)高質(zhì)量的城市環(huán)境的需求也越來越多。探究湖北省綠色空間,分析城市化背景下綠色空間分配的合理性,為科學(xué)布局綠色空間,實(shí)現(xiàn)城市社會(huì)、經(jīng)濟(jì)和生態(tài)互動(dòng)協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展提供指導(dǎo)性建議。本文以地理國情普查中的地表覆蓋數(shù)據(jù)為主要數(shù)據(jù)源,輔以湖北省統(tǒng)計(jì)年鑒中的常住人口數(shù)據(jù),提取出本文研究所需要的綠色空間信息,并參考國內(nèi)外的相關(guān)標(biāo)準(zhǔn),建立起符合省情的綠色空間分類指標(biāo)體系,采用景觀格局指數(shù)法、基尼系數(shù)法和泰爾指數(shù)法,從省級(jí)層面、分區(qū)層以及三大主體功能區(qū)層面,探究湖北省景觀空間分異特征,再進(jìn)一步剖析綠色空間與人口的匹配性及環(huán)境正義問題,并在此基礎(chǔ)上分析出綠色空間存在的問題并給出相應(yīng)的對(duì)策。主要研究內(nèi)容和結(jié)論如下:(1)綠色空間信息提取和分類體系建立。綠色空間數(shù)據(jù)主要源于地理國情普查數(shù)據(jù)庫中的地表覆蓋數(shù)據(jù),采用Geoway和ArcGIS軟件相結(jié)合的數(shù)據(jù)處理方法,人工分類和內(nèi)外業(yè)相結(jié)合方式以及就近就大原則。然后參考國內(nèi)外有關(guān)綠色空間分類標(biāo)準(zhǔn)建立起湖北省綠色空間的分類體系。結(jié)論表明這樣處理數(shù)據(jù)可以保障數(shù)據(jù)的準(zhǔn)確性和實(shí)用性,以便準(zhǔn)確地提取綠色空間信息,建立符合省情的綠色空間分類體系,為科學(xué)進(jìn)行綠色空間探究奠定基礎(chǔ)。(2)綠色空間景觀格局分析。一是通過統(tǒng)計(jì)綠色空間的斑塊數(shù)量、斑塊面積、面積占比等,分析湖北省綠色空間的總體特征以及不同景觀類別特征。二是通過采用景觀指數(shù)法,計(jì)算出景觀的多樣性、異質(zhì)性、集聚性以及破碎性,探討湖北省綠色空間景觀空間分異規(guī)律。結(jié)論表明湖北省綠色空間資源總量較大,類型較豐富,具有一定的空間分異特征,湖北省綠色空間總面積為175038.68km2,最大優(yōu)勢景觀類型是林地,集中分布在十堰及神農(nóng)架區(qū)域,江漢平原較少;最小的是園地,主要分布在宜昌、黃岡區(qū)域;耕地景觀集中分布在江漢平原,武漢市、黃石市區(qū)域較少;鄂北崗地、幕阜山區(qū)草地占比較高,秦巴山區(qū)、神農(nóng)架林區(qū)和宜荊荊地區(qū)草地占比較低;長江中游沿岸縣市區(qū)水域占比較高,大別山、幕阜山等區(qū)域,水域占比較低。巫山、大巴山、武當(dāng)山、桐柏山、大別山、幕阜山等丘陵區(qū)域,綠色空間景觀的多樣性較大,均勻度指數(shù)較大,優(yōu)勢度較小,集聚性相對(duì)較差;中南部江漢平原等平原區(qū)域,綠色空間景觀的多樣性較低,均勻度較低,優(yōu)勢度較大,集聚性相對(duì)較好。(3)綠色空間與人口匹配性研究。綜合采用基尼系數(shù)法和泰爾指數(shù)法,建立分析模型,借用GIS進(jìn)行可視化表達(dá),全面分析湖北省綠色空間資源與人口匹配性和綠色資源配置特征。結(jié)論表明湖北省綠色空間-人口總體上比較匹配,綠色空間資源分配的公平性較好,但就分區(qū)來看綠色空間資源與人口還存在不匹配性和不公平性,武漢城市圈大部分地區(qū)的綠色空間資源與人口匹配性較差,尤其是武漢市。分區(qū)之間的綠色空間資源的配置差異性較大,差異的主要貢獻(xiàn)區(qū)域來自十堰及神農(nóng)架、恩施、武漢、宜昌、襄陽區(qū)域。(4)綠色空間存在問題及對(duì)策分析。一是資源分布破碎性較大;二是綠色空間資源與人口匹配不合理。建議通過重構(gòu)綠色空間格局,增加綠色空間的連續(xù)性以及依據(jù)人口密度均衡布局綠色空間等措施來加以改善。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of the economy, the living standards are rising, and the demand for the high-quality urban environment is increasing. The paper probes into the green space of Hubei province, analyzes the rationality of the green space distribution in the background of urbanization, and provides a guiding suggestion for the scientific layout of green space and realizing the coordinated development of urban social, economic and ecological interaction. In this paper, the data of the surface covering in the general survey of the geographical conditions is used as the main data source, supplemented by the data of the resident population in the statistical yearbook of Hubei Province, the green space information required by the research institute is extracted, and reference is made to the relevant standards at home and abroad. The paper sets up a green space classification index system which is in conformity with the provincial situation, and uses the landscape pattern index method, the Gini coefficient method and the Terre Index method to explore the spatial differentiation characteristics of the landscape in Hubei from the aspects of the provincial level, the partition level and the three main functional areas. The matching of the green space and the population and the environmental justice are further analyzed, and the problems existing in the green space are analyzed and the corresponding countermeasures are given. The main contents and conclusions are as follows: (1) The establishment of green space information extraction and classification system. The green space data is mainly from the data of the surface covering in the data base of the geographical conditions, and the data processing method, the combination of the method of data processing, the combination of the artificial classification and the internal and external industries, and the near-large principle are used in combination with the Goway and the ArcGIS software. Then, the classification system of the green space of Hubei province is set up with reference to the relevant green space classification standard at home and abroad. The conclusion shows that the data can guarantee the accuracy and practicability of the data, so that the green space information can be extracted accurately, and the green space classification system is established, which lays the foundation for the scientific research of the green space. (2) Analysis of the landscape pattern of green space. The first is to analyze the overall characteristics of the green space in Hubei and the characteristics of different landscape categories by counting the number of patches, the area of the plaque and the area ratio of the green space. The second is to study the spatial differentiation of the green space in Hubei province by using the landscape index method to calculate the diversity, heterogeneity, aggregation and fragmentation of the landscape. The results show that the total amount of green space resources in Hubei Province is large, the type is rich, it has a certain spatial differentiation characteristic, the total area of the green space in Hubei Province is 175038.68 km2, the most dominant landscape type is the forest land, the concentrated distribution is in the area of Shiyan and Shennongjia, and the Jianghan Plain is less; the smallest is the garden, The main distribution is in the area of Yichang and Huanggang; the landscape of cultivated land is distributed in Jianghan Plain, Wuhan and Huangshi City. The water area in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River is relatively high, and the water area is relatively low. Wushan, Dabashan, Wudang Mountain, Tongbai Mountain, Dabie Mountain, Tent Fushan and other hills, the diversity of the green space landscape is large, the evenness index is large, the advantage is small, the cluster is relatively poor, the diversity of the green space landscape is low in the plain area of the south-central Jianghan Plain and the like, The uniformity is low, the advantages are large, and the clustering property is relatively good. (3) The study of green space and population matching. Based on the Gini coefficient method and the Terre Index method, the analytical model is established, and the GIS is used for visualization and expression, and the characteristics of the green space resource and the population matching and the green resource allocation in Hubei Province are comprehensively analyzed. The results show that the green space-population of Hubei province is more and more matched, and the fairness of green space resource allocation is good. The green space resources in most parts of Wuhan city circle have poor matching with the population, especially in Wuhan. The difference of the green space resources between the partitions is large. The main contribution area of the difference is from Shiyan and Shennongjia, Enshi, Wuhan, Yichang, and Yang-yang. (4) The problem of green space and the countermeasure analysis. First, the distribution of resources is large, and the second is that the resource of green space and the population match are not reasonable. It is suggested that the green space pattern should be reconstructed, the continuity of the green space can be increased, and the green space and other measures should be improved according to the density of the population.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：P205
本文編號(hào)：2500975
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of the economy, the living standards are rising, and the demand for the high-quality urban environment is increasing. The paper probes into the green space of Hubei province, analyzes the rationality of the green space distribution in the background of urbanization, and provides a guiding suggestion for the scientific layout of green space and realizing the coordinated development of urban social, economic and ecological interaction. In this paper, the data of the surface covering in the general survey of the geographical conditions is used as the main data source, supplemented by the data of the resident population in the statistical yearbook of Hubei Province, the green space information required by the research institute is extracted, and reference is made to the relevant standards at home and abroad. The paper sets up a green space classification index system which is in conformity with the provincial situation, and uses the landscape pattern index method, the Gini coefficient method and the Terre Index method to explore the spatial differentiation characteristics of the landscape in Hubei from the aspects of the provincial level, the partition level and the three main functional areas. The matching of the green space and the population and the environmental justice are further analyzed, and the problems existing in the green space are analyzed and the corresponding countermeasures are given. The main contents and conclusions are as follows: (1) The establishment of green space information extraction and classification system. The green space data is mainly from the data of the surface covering in the data base of the geographical conditions, and the data processing method, the combination of the method of data processing, the combination of the artificial classification and the internal and external industries, and the near-large principle are used in combination with the Goway and the ArcGIS software. Then, the classification system of the green space of Hubei province is set up with reference to the relevant green space classification standard at home and abroad. The conclusion shows that the data can guarantee the accuracy and practicability of the data, so that the green space information can be extracted accurately, and the green space classification system is established, which lays the foundation for the scientific research of the green space. (2) Analysis of the landscape pattern of green space. The first is to analyze the overall characteristics of the green space in Hubei and the characteristics of different landscape categories by counting the number of patches, the area of the plaque and the area ratio of the green space. The second is to study the spatial differentiation of the green space in Hubei province by using the landscape index method to calculate the diversity, heterogeneity, aggregation and fragmentation of the landscape. The results show that the total amount of green space resources in Hubei Province is large, the type is rich, it has a certain spatial differentiation characteristic, the total area of the green space in Hubei Province is 175038.68 km2, the most dominant landscape type is the forest land, the concentrated distribution is in the area of Shiyan and Shennongjia, and the Jianghan Plain is less; the smallest is the garden, The main distribution is in the area of Yichang and Huanggang; the landscape of cultivated land is distributed in Jianghan Plain, Wuhan and Huangshi City. The water area in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River is relatively high, and the water area is relatively low. Wushan, Dabashan, Wudang Mountain, Tongbai Mountain, Dabie Mountain, Tent Fushan and other hills, the diversity of the green space landscape is large, the evenness index is large, the advantage is small, the cluster is relatively poor, the diversity of the green space landscape is low in the plain area of the south-central Jianghan Plain and the like, The uniformity is low, the advantages are large, and the clustering property is relatively good. (3) The study of green space and population matching. Based on the Gini coefficient method and the Terre Index method, the analytical model is established, and the GIS is used for visualization and expression, and the characteristics of the green space resource and the population matching and the green resource allocation in Hubei Province are comprehensively analyzed. The results show that the green space-population of Hubei province is more and more matched, and the fairness of green space resource allocation is good. The green space resources in most parts of Wuhan city circle have poor matching with the population, especially in Wuhan. The difference of the green space resources between the partitions is large. The main contribution area of the difference is from Shiyan and Shennongjia, Enshi, Wuhan, Yichang, and Yang-yang. (4) The problem of green space and the countermeasure analysis. First, the distribution of resources is large, and the second is that the resource of green space and the population match are not reasonable. It is suggested that the green space pattern should be reconstructed, the continuity of the green space can be increased, and the green space and other measures should be improved according to the density of the population.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：P205
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