【摘要】：隨著GPS技術(shù)的日益成熟和深入應(yīng)用，逐漸派生出許多新的交叉學(xué)科和前沿研究方向。利用GPS信號中海洋潮汐負荷響應(yīng)，研究海洋潮汐特性和特征信息的提取方法，是GPS技術(shù)與潮汐科學(xué)的結(jié)合，，對豐富海洋潮汐觀測手段具有重要的科學(xué)意義和應(yīng)用價值。 本文研究了中國沿海典型GPS站位的海潮負荷特性及其模型差異。利用全球海潮模型FES2004、GOT4.7和NAO.99b研究了海潮負荷對成山頭、平潭、遮浪和西沙四個國家海洋局GPS觀測站位移的影響，結(jié)果表明在沿海地區(qū)海潮負荷對單點定位的影響達到厘米級，在西沙甚至達到3cm。此外，通過對三種海潮模型計算結(jié)果的對比分析可知，NAO.99b海潮模型最適用于我國沿海地區(qū)。 基于GPS精密單點定位（PPP）的算法和相關(guān)軟件，利用國家海洋局在沿海布設(shè)的GPS長期觀測站的觀測數(shù)據(jù)，通過解算各觀測站每小時的動態(tài)位置，然后對站址位置坐標進行頻譜分析，獲取了成山頭站、平潭站、閘坡站的K1、O1、P1、Q1、M2、S2、N2、K2分潮特征值。為評價GPS測定海潮負荷位移參數(shù)的精度和可靠性，將其結(jié)果與最新的海潮模型FES2004、NAO.99b、GOT4.7進行了比較。研究表明：除S2、K2、K1，GPS反演的估值和GOT4.7、NAO.99b模型的海潮位移參數(shù)吻合的相對較好；K1、K2、S2與海潮模型間的吻合效果不好，其原因有待進一步研究。結(jié)果也表明利用GPS反演海潮這種新方法在理論上是可行的。它不僅為海洋潮汐監(jiān)測提供新的觀測方法，也能標定并修正全球海潮負荷模型，同時也為中國近海GPS精確定位提供精密的海潮負荷改正，具有重要的科學(xué)意義和實用價值。
[Abstract]:With the increasing maturity and in-depth application of GPS technology, many new interdisciplinary and frontier research directions have been gradually derived. It is the combination of GPS technology and tidal science to study the extraction method of ocean tidal characteristics and characteristic information by using the response of ocean tidal load in GPS signal. It is of great scientific significance and application value to enrich the means of ocean tidal observation. In this paper, the tidal load characteristics and model differences of typical GPS stations along the coast of China are studied. The effects of tidal load on the displacement of GPS observation stations in Shantou, Pingtan, Chuan and Xisha are studied by using the global tide model FES2004,GOT4.7 and NAO.99b. The results show that the influence of tidal load on single point positioning in coastal areas is up to centimeter level, and even 3cm in Xisha. In addition, through the comparative analysis of the calculation results of three kinds of tide models, it can be seen that NAO.99b tide model is most suitable for coastal areas of China. Based on the algorithm and related software of GPS precise single point positioning (PPP), using the observation data of GPS long-term observation station set up by the State Oceanic Administration along the coast, the hourly dynamic position of each observation station is calculated, and then the frequency spectrum analysis of the location coordinates of the station is carried out, and the K _ 1, O _ 1, P _ 1, Q _ 1, M _ 2, N _ 2, K _ 2 characteristic values of Chengshantou station, Pingtan station and sluice slope station are obtained. In order to evaluate the accuracy and reliability of GPS in measuring tidal load displacement parameters, the results are compared with the latest tidal model FES2004,NAO.99b,GOT4.7. The results show that except S2, K2, K1, the estimation of GOT4.7,NAO.99b inversion is in good agreement with the tidal displacement parameters of GPS model, and the coincidence effect between K2, S2 and tide model is not good, and the reason needs to be further studied. The results also show that the new method of ocean tide inversion by GPS is feasible in theory. It not only provides a new observation method for ocean tide monitoring, but also calibrates and modifies the global tidal load model, and also provides precise tidal load correction for the accurate positioning of GPS in offshore China, which is of great scientific significance and practical value.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：國家海洋局第一海洋研究所
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：P228.4;P731.23

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