【摘要】：GPS監(jiān)測技術以其全天候、全自動、高效快速和高精度等特點,已經(jīng)越來越多地應用于多種大型結(jié)構(gòu)的安全性監(jiān)測中。GPS信號作為一種功率很小的微弱信號,在其傳播過程中易受到各種外界因素的干擾如多路徑效應、整周跳變現(xiàn)象等。這些干擾源會引起相當比例數(shù)據(jù)的異常和失真,致使結(jié)構(gòu)性態(tài)識別與故障診斷結(jié)果頻頻出現(xiàn)誤/警現(xiàn)象,因此,無論是在信息獲取階段還是在安全評價環(huán)節(jié),為了獲取更為準確的監(jiān)測數(shù)據(jù),GPS監(jiān)測過程中的數(shù)據(jù)失真與變異問題都應引起高度重視。針對GPS異常失真數(shù)據(jù)的檢驗和識別的問題,本論文主要進行了以下幾個方面的理論和試驗的研究。 (1)系統(tǒng)總結(jié)了GPS定位技術的相關理論,詳細介紹了GPS定位中的誤差分類。針對不同的誤差項給出相應地削弱方法,以期減少在GPS監(jiān)測中由于測量誤差而造成的數(shù)據(jù)失真和異常。 (2)完成了基于GPS技術的大連北大橋動態(tài)監(jiān)測。基于ANSYS軟件建立的大橋的有限元模型,獲取大橋自振頻率和振型,為GPS流動站的布置提供參考。最后利用GrafNav/Net軟件完成了流動站坐標的動態(tài)解算,獲得了大橋的實時動態(tài)位移。 (3)提出了基于控制圖的GPS異常監(jiān)測數(shù)據(jù)檢驗方法。構(gòu)建了休哈特和累積和(Cumlative Sum,簡稱CUSUM)兩種控制圖,給出了對應的異常預警模型。針對GPS監(jiān)測數(shù)據(jù)不服從正態(tài)分布的問題,提出了利用累積分布函數(shù)的核密度估計將其轉(zhuǎn)化為Q統(tǒng)計量,并以此為基礎構(gòu)建了基于Q統(tǒng)計量的控制圖應用于GPS異常數(shù)據(jù)的檢驗中將兩種控制圖應用于GPS仿真和實測數(shù)據(jù)中,結(jié)果表明休哈特控制圖能夠檢測出3倍標準差以上的大偏移,但是缺少小偏移檢驗能力。CUSUM控制能夠檢測出3倍標準差以下的連續(xù)小偏移,最小可達0.5倍的標準差,但是隨著偏移的增大CUSUM控制圖的誤判范圍在增加。實際應用中可以根據(jù)需要,選擇不同的控制圖進行異常數(shù)據(jù)的判別。 (4)提出了一種基于關聯(lián)負選擇的積分步識別算法用GPS監(jiān)測數(shù)據(jù)的異常檢驗。首先構(gòu)建GPS監(jiān)測數(shù)據(jù)的關聯(lián)模型,通過設定預警控制限對異常數(shù)據(jù)快速初步判定然后再利用自適應半徑負選擇算法對異常數(shù)據(jù)發(fā)生范圍進行精確的二次識別。對于負選擇算法中固定半徑檢測器和固定半徑自體表示方法的不足文中給出了相應改進。分別用仿真的正弦數(shù)據(jù)和GPS實測數(shù)據(jù)驗證了該方法的有效性,結(jié)果表明本文提出的方法能夠準確識別GPS監(jiān)測數(shù)據(jù)中的異常,關聯(lián)負選擇的雙重機制保證了異常檢驗的效果,能夠用于GPS異常數(shù)據(jù)識別的實際工程中。
[Abstract]:Because of its all-weather, automatic, high efficiency and high precision, GPS monitoring technology has been more and more used in the security monitoring of many large-scale structures. As a weak signal with very little power, the GPS signal has been used in the security monitoring of many large-scale structures more and more. In the process of propagation, it is vulnerable to the interference of various external factors, such as multipath effect, whole cycle jump phenomenon and so on. These interference sources will cause anomalies and distortions of a considerable proportion of data, resulting in frequent errors / alarm phenomena in structural behavior identification and fault diagnosis results. Therefore, both in the information acquisition phase and in the safety evaluation process, In order to obtain more accurate monitoring data, the problem of data distortion and variation in the process of GPS monitoring should be paid more attention. In order to test and identify GPS abnormal distortion data, the following theoretical and experimental studies are carried out in this paper. The main contents are as follows: (1) the related theories of GPS positioning technology are summarized systematically, and the error classification in GPS positioning is introduced in detail. In order to reduce the data distortion and anomaly caused by measurement errors in GPS monitoring, the corresponding weakening methods for different error terms are given in order to reduce the data distortion and anomaly caused by measurement errors in GPS monitoring. (2) the dynamic monitoring of Dalian North Bridge based on GPS technology is completed. Based on the finite element model of the bridge established by ANSYS software, the natural vibration frequency and mode shape of the bridge are obtained, which provides a reference for the arrangement of the GPS flow station. Finally, the real-time dynamic displacement of the bridge is obtained by using the GrafNav/Net software to calculate the coordinate of the flow station. (3) the GPS anomaly monitoring data checking method based on control chart is proposed. Two kinds of control charts, Hewhart and cumulative and (Cumlative Sum, (CUSUM), are constructed, and the corresponding anomaly early warning models are given. In order to solve the problem that GPS monitoring data do not obey normal distribution, the kernel density estimation of cumulative distribution function is used to transform it into Q statistics. Based on this, the control chart based on Q statistics is constructed to test the GPS anomaly data. Two kinds of control charts are applied to the GPS simulation and measurement data. The results show that the Hewhart control chart can detect more than 3 times the large deviation of the standard deviation, and the results show that the control chart can detect the large deviation more than 3 times the standard deviation. CUSUM control can detect continuous small offsets below 3 times standard deviation, with a minimum of 0.5 times standard deviation. However, with the increase of offset, the error range of CUSUM control chart is increasing. In practical application, different control charts can be selected to distinguish abnormal data according to needs. (4) an integration step recognition algorithm based on correlation negative selection is proposed, which uses GPS to detect abnormal data. Firstly, the correlation model of GPS monitoring data is constructed, and the early warning control limit is set to determine the anomaly data quickly and preliminarily, then the adaptive radius negative selection algorithm is used to identify the occurrence range of abnormal data accurately. For the deficiency of the fixed-radius detector and the fixed-radius self-representation method in the negative selection algorithm, the corresponding improvements are given in this paper. The validity of the proposed method is verified by the simulated sine data and the GPS measured data. The results show that the proposed method can accurately identify the anomalies in the GPS monitoring data, and the dual mechanism of negative correlation selection ensures the effectiveness of the anomaly test. It can be used in practical engineering of GPS anomaly data recognition.
【學位授予單位】：大連理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：P228.4

【參考文獻】

相關期刊論文 前10條

1 肖海威;秦亮軍;劉洋;;廣州新光大橋變形監(jiān)測控制網(wǎng)試驗[J];測繪工程;2010年05期

2 喻永平;;虎門大橋三維實時動態(tài)監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)設計與開發(fā)[J];測繪通報;2008年12期

3 周太全,郭力,陳鴻天;香港青馬大橋在交通荷載作用下的疲勞評估[J];地震工程與工程振動;2002年05期

4 何浩祥;閆維明;馬華;王卓;;結(jié)構(gòu)健康監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)設計標準化評述與展望[J];地震工程與工程振動;2008年04期

5 余波;邱洪興;王浩;郭彤;;蘇通大橋結(jié)構(gòu)健康監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)設計[J];地震工程與工程振動;2009年04期

6 李兆霞,李愛群,陳鴻天,郭力,周太全;大跨橋梁結(jié)構(gòu)以健康監(jiān)測和狀態(tài)評估為目標的有限元模擬[J];東南大學學報(自然科學版);2003年05期

7 李宏男,伊廷華,伊曉東,王國新;采用GPS與全站儀對大跨斜拉橋進行變形監(jiān)測[J];防災減災工程學報;2005年01期

8 肖鸞,胡友健,王曉華;GPS技術在變形監(jiān)測中的應用綜述[J];工程地球物理學報;2005年02期

9 李宏男;伊廷華;伊曉東;王國新;;基于RTK GPS技術的超高層結(jié)構(gòu)風振觀測[J];工程力學;2007年08期

10 姜紹飛;;結(jié)構(gòu)健康監(jiān)測-智能信息處理及應用[J];工程力學;2009年S2期

相關博士學位論文 前3條

1 楊鐵軍;GPS實時姿態(tài)測量技術與多徑誤差研究[D];電子科技大學;2003年

2 伊廷華;環(huán)境激勵下基于GPS的結(jié)構(gòu)健康監(jiān)測[D];大連理工大學;2006年

3 戴吾蛟;GPS精密動態(tài)變形監(jiān)測的數(shù)據(jù)處理理論與方法研究[D];中南大學;2007年

相關碩士學位論文 前2條

1 李萍;衛(wèi)星定位數(shù)據(jù)的處理與分析[D];西安電子科技大學;2006年

2 富珍;統(tǒng)計過程控制（SPC）技術在質(zhì)量管理中的應用研究及實現(xiàn)[D];武漢理工大學;2006年

，

本文編號：2469231