基于RS和GIS的寧波市鄞州區(qū)土地利用景觀格局變化分析
發(fā)布時間：2019-04-28 10:13
【摘要】：土地利用景觀格局是人類活動和經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展?fàn)顩r在一定社會形態(tài)下的直接反映，分析研究區(qū)域土地利用變化過程、規(guī)律及驅(qū)動因素，明確土地利用變化對生態(tài)環(huán)境的影響，能夠讓人類重新審視其對自然的行為，及時修正正確的規(guī)劃方案。鄞州區(qū)是寧波市區(qū)域面積最大、經(jīng)濟(jì)和科技實力最強的一個區(qū)。經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展促進(jìn)了土地利用結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)生了翻天覆地的變化，土地供給與土地需求之間的矛盾也日益劇烈。因此，本文以RS和GIS作為技術(shù)支撐對鄞州區(qū)的景觀格局做動態(tài)的監(jiān)測和定量的分析，總結(jié)區(qū)域土地利用景觀格局變化特征。主要研究成果如下： （1）構(gòu)建鄞州區(qū)土地利用分類系統(tǒng)：結(jié)合《土地利用現(xiàn)狀分類》（GB/T21010-2007）標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和研究區(qū)土地利用概況兩方面的內(nèi)容，將研究區(qū)分為5個一級類，主要為：農(nóng)用地、交通用地、林地、水域及水利設(shè)施用地、建設(shè)用地，并將林地分為竹林、闊葉林和喬木林三個二級分類。 （2）獲得鄞州區(qū)土地利用監(jiān)督分類成果：本次研究采用監(jiān)督分類中支持向量機(jī)（SVM）方法進(jìn)行分類，對分類結(jié)果進(jìn)行精度評定，得到每期影像的總體分類精度分別為85%、87%、92%，，KAPPA分析值分別為0.81、0.83、0.87，滿足分類精度最低精度要求。 （3）獲得三個時期土地利用景觀格局分析結(jié)果：本研究對研究區(qū)土地利用景觀從斑塊面積變化分析、景觀破碎度分析、景觀優(yōu)勢度分析以及景觀多樣性和均勻度分析四個方法進(jìn)行評價。分析結(jié)果表明建筑用地隨著城市的發(fā)展，該類型面積增幅較大，破碎化程度降低，優(yōu)勢度凸顯；農(nóng)用地面積與建筑面積呈現(xiàn)“此消彼長”的現(xiàn)象，破碎化程度增加，其在景觀中絕對優(yōu)勢度消失，且優(yōu)勢度急劇下降；竹林受產(chǎn)業(yè)模式的影響，破碎化程度呈現(xiàn)減小-上升的現(xiàn)象，優(yōu)勢度逐漸下降；喬木林受城市化發(fā)展的需要以及政府政策的傾斜，喬木林面積持續(xù)增長，破碎度降低，優(yōu)勢凸顯；從整體看鄞州區(qū)破碎度表現(xiàn)為“降低-增加”，各景觀類型優(yōu)勢度差距縮小，景觀均勻度增加，但景觀斑塊類型、形狀復(fù)雜化，景觀多樣性相應(yīng)增加。 （4）總結(jié)鄞州區(qū)景觀格局變化驅(qū)動因素：結(jié)合分析結(jié)果和鄞州區(qū)土地利用情況、經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況等方面的資料，總結(jié)了鄞州區(qū)土地利用景觀格局變化的驅(qū)動因素，主要有五個方面的內(nèi)容，包括：人口數(shù)量的快速增長；經(jīng)濟(jì)的蓬勃發(fā)展；產(chǎn)業(yè)布局對資源利用的影響；人為因素對森林資源的影響；旅游業(yè)的興起。
[Abstract]:Land use landscape pattern is a direct reflection of human activities and economic development in a certain social form. The process, law and driving factors of regional land use change are analyzed and studied, and the influence of land use change on ecological environment is clarified. It allows humans to re-examine their behavior towards nature and correct their plans in a timely manner. Yinzhou District is the largest area and the strongest economic and technological strength in Ningbo. With the development of economy, the land use structure has changed dramatically, and the contradiction between land supply and land demand is becoming more and more intense. Therefore, this paper uses RS and GIS as technical support to make dynamic monitoring and quantitative analysis of the landscape pattern of Yinzhou district, and summarize the change characteristics of regional land use landscape pattern. The main research results are as follows: (1) constructing the land use classification system in Yinzhou District: combining the criteria of "Land use status Classification" (GB/T21010-2007) and the general situation of land use in the research area, The study was divided into five first-class categories: agricultural land, traffic land, woodland, water area and water conservancy facilities land, construction land, and the woodland was classified into three secondary categories: bamboo forest, broad-leaved forest and tree forest. The forest land was divided into three categories: bamboo forest, broad-leaved forest and Arbor forest. (2) obtain the results of land use supervision and classification in Yinzhou: this study uses support Vector Machine (SVM) method to classify and evaluate the accuracy of the classification results. The overall classification accuracy of each phase image is 85%, and the overall classification accuracy of each period is 85%. The analytical values of 87%, 92% and 0.81%, 0.83%, 0.87%, respectively, meet the requirement of the lowest precision of classification. (3) the results of land-use landscape pattern analysis in three periods were obtained: in this study, land-use landscape from patch area change analysis, landscape fragmentation analysis; Landscape dominance analysis and landscape diversity and evenness analysis four methods to evaluate. The analysis results show that with the development of the city, the area of this type increases greatly, the degree of fragmentation decreases, and the dominance is prominent. The agricultural land area and the building area show the phenomenon of "the growth and decline of each other", the degree of fragmentation increases, the absolute dominance disappears in the landscape, and the dominance decreases sharply. Under the influence of the industrial model, the fragmentation degree of bamboo forest decreases-rises, and the dominance decreases gradually. Arbor forest is affected by the need of urbanization and government policy. The area of Arbor forest continues to increase, the degree of fragmentation decreases, and the advantages of Arbor forest are prominent. As a whole, the fragmentation degree of Yinzhou district is "decrease-increase", the difference of dominance of each landscape type decreases, and the landscape uniformity increases, but the landscape patch type and shape are complicated, and landscape diversity increases accordingly. (4) summarize the driving factors of landscape pattern change in Yinzhou district: combined with the results of the analysis and the data of land use and economic situation in Yinzhou district, the driving factors of land use landscape pattern change in Yinzhou district are summarized, and the driving factors of land use landscape pattern change in Yinzhou district are summarized. There are five main aspects, including: the rapid growth of the population; The vigorous development of economy; the influence of industrial distribution on the utilization of resources; the influence of man-made factors on forest resources; the rise of tourism.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：成都理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：P237;P208;P901
本文編號：2467547
[Abstract]:Land use landscape pattern is a direct reflection of human activities and economic development in a certain social form. The process, law and driving factors of regional land use change are analyzed and studied, and the influence of land use change on ecological environment is clarified. It allows humans to re-examine their behavior towards nature and correct their plans in a timely manner. Yinzhou District is the largest area and the strongest economic and technological strength in Ningbo. With the development of economy, the land use structure has changed dramatically, and the contradiction between land supply and land demand is becoming more and more intense. Therefore, this paper uses RS and GIS as technical support to make dynamic monitoring and quantitative analysis of the landscape pattern of Yinzhou district, and summarize the change characteristics of regional land use landscape pattern. The main research results are as follows: (1) constructing the land use classification system in Yinzhou District: combining the criteria of "Land use status Classification" (GB/T21010-2007) and the general situation of land use in the research area, The study was divided into five first-class categories: agricultural land, traffic land, woodland, water area and water conservancy facilities land, construction land, and the woodland was classified into three secondary categories: bamboo forest, broad-leaved forest and tree forest. The forest land was divided into three categories: bamboo forest, broad-leaved forest and Arbor forest. (2) obtain the results of land use supervision and classification in Yinzhou: this study uses support Vector Machine (SVM) method to classify and evaluate the accuracy of the classification results. The overall classification accuracy of each phase image is 85%, and the overall classification accuracy of each period is 85%. The analytical values of 87%, 92% and 0.81%, 0.83%, 0.87%, respectively, meet the requirement of the lowest precision of classification. (3) the results of land-use landscape pattern analysis in three periods were obtained: in this study, land-use landscape from patch area change analysis, landscape fragmentation analysis; Landscape dominance analysis and landscape diversity and evenness analysis four methods to evaluate. The analysis results show that with the development of the city, the area of this type increases greatly, the degree of fragmentation decreases, and the dominance is prominent. The agricultural land area and the building area show the phenomenon of "the growth and decline of each other", the degree of fragmentation increases, the absolute dominance disappears in the landscape, and the dominance decreases sharply. Under the influence of the industrial model, the fragmentation degree of bamboo forest decreases-rises, and the dominance decreases gradually. Arbor forest is affected by the need of urbanization and government policy. The area of Arbor forest continues to increase, the degree of fragmentation decreases, and the advantages of Arbor forest are prominent. As a whole, the fragmentation degree of Yinzhou district is "decrease-increase", the difference of dominance of each landscape type decreases, and the landscape uniformity increases, but the landscape patch type and shape are complicated, and landscape diversity increases accordingly. (4) summarize the driving factors of landscape pattern change in Yinzhou district: combined with the results of the analysis and the data of land use and economic situation in Yinzhou district, the driving factors of land use landscape pattern change in Yinzhou district are summarized, and the driving factors of land use landscape pattern change in Yinzhou district are summarized. There are five main aspects, including: the rapid growth of the population; The vigorous development of economy; the influence of industrial distribution on the utilization of resources; the influence of man-made factors on forest resources; the rise of tourism.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：成都理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：P237;P208;P901
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