【摘要】：合成孔徑雷達(dá)干涉測(cè)量技術(shù)(Interferometrv Synthetic Aperture Radar, InSAR)在近二十年來(lái)得到了迅猛發(fā)展,在獲取地面形變信息具有獨(dú)特的優(yōu)勢(shì),使得人類(lèi)從外空間對(duì)全球地表進(jìn)行長(zhǎng)時(shí)間大范圍的監(jiān)測(cè)成為可能。但是,InSAR測(cè)量獲取的只是地表形變沿雷達(dá)視線向(LOS)的分量,不能全面地反映地表真實(shí)變形,即存在InSAR的視線向模糊問(wèn)題。尤其是對(duì)于地震、火山噴發(fā)等大形變,需提取地表的三維形變特征,以迅速獲取災(zāi)害信息、提供救援以及更加準(zhǔn)確分析發(fā)震構(gòu)造與地震機(jī)理。 本文在總結(jié)和分析了幾種利用InSAR提取三維形變的方法的基礎(chǔ)上,完善了用升降軌SAR數(shù)據(jù)提取三維形變場(chǎng)的計(jì)算模型,并選取意大利拉奎拉為研究區(qū),運(yùn)用ENVI、 SARscape和Matlab等軟件平臺(tái)予以具體實(shí)現(xiàn)。實(shí)現(xiàn)過(guò)程主要分為兩部分：(1)分別利用常規(guī)D-InSAR和多孔徑雷達(dá)干涉測(cè)量(Multiple Aperture InSAR, MAI)對(duì)升降軌SAR數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行處理,得到研究區(qū)沿雷達(dá)視線向和方位向的形變信息；(2)用加權(quán)最小二乘原理(Weighted Least Square, WLS)對(duì)上述兩種形變進(jìn)行融合計(jì)算,獲取研究區(qū)地表在上(U)、北(N)、東(E)三個(gè)方向上的形變,即三維同震形變場(chǎng)。 本論文主要成果如下： (1)完善了利用升降軌獲取地表三維形變的計(jì)算模型,對(duì)于SAR所有可能的獲取模式——左視升降軌、右視升降軌四種情況分別進(jìn)行了分析研究,推導(dǎo)出了每種情況的三維形變量計(jì)算公式,并總結(jié)出了通用表達(dá)式； (2)解決了升、降軌數(shù)據(jù)融合中的關(guān)鍵問(wèn)題——重合區(qū)域求�。� (3)運(yùn)用完善后的計(jì)算模型,成功提取了2009年4月6日意大利拉奎拉地震的三維同震形變場(chǎng)。結(jié)果顯示,此次地震在豎直方向、南北方向和東西方向均發(fā)生了位移,其中以豎直方向最為明顯,最大位移為16.8cm；地表沿?cái)鄬用姘l(fā)生了明顯的錯(cuò)動(dòng),其中西南盤(pán)為下降盤(pán),向西北方向滑動(dòng),東北盤(pán)為上升盤(pán),向東南方向滑動(dòng),綜合結(jié)果可得到斷層為右旋走滑斷層,與地質(zhì)調(diào)查結(jié)果一致。
[Abstract]:Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry (Interferometrv Synthetic Aperture Radar, InSAR) has been developed rapidly in the past two decades, and it has a unique advantage in obtaining ground deformation information. It is possible for humans to monitor the global surface from outer space for a long time and on a large scale. However, InSAR measurements only obtain the component of the surface deformation along the radar line-of-sight (LOS), which can not fully reflect the true deformation of the surface, that is, the blurring problem of the line-of-sight of InSAR exists. Especially for large deformation, such as earthquake, volcanic eruption and so on, it is necessary to extract the three-dimensional deformation characteristics of the surface in order to obtain disaster information quickly, provide rescue and more accurate analysis of seismogenic structure and earthquake mechanism. On the basis of summarizing and analyzing several methods of extracting three-dimensional deformation by InSAR, this paper consummates the calculation model of extracting three-dimensional deformation field by lifting rail SAR data, and selects L'Aquila, Italy, as the study area, and uses ENVI, as the research area. The software platform such as SARscape and Matlab is implemented in detail. The realization process is divided into two parts: (1) using conventional D-InSAR and Multi-Aperture Radar Interferometry (Multiple Aperture InSAR, MAI) to process the SAR data of the lift and fall orbit, and get the deformation information along the line of sight and azimuth of the radar in the study area; (2) the weighted least square principle (Weighted Least Square, WLS) is used to calculate the above two kinds of deformation, and the deformation of the surface of the study area is obtained in three directions of the upper (U), north (N), east (E), that is, the three-dimensional coseismic deformation field. The main achievements of this paper are as follows: (1) the calculation model of three-dimensional deformation of the ground surface obtained by lifting rail is improved, and all possible acquisition modes of SAR-left-looking lift-rail and right-looking-lift-rail are analyzed and studied respectively. The calculation formula of three-dimensional shape variables in each case is deduced, and the general expression is summarized. (2) the coseismic deformation field of the L'Aquila earthquake, Italy, on April 6, 2009 has been successfully extracted by using the improved computational model, which is the key problem in the data fusion of the ascending and descending orbit, namely, the coincident region finding; (3) the coseismic deformation field of the L'Aquila earthquake on April 6, 2009 has been successfully extracted. The results show that the displacement occurred in the vertical direction, the north-south direction and the east-west direction, in which the vertical direction is the most obvious, the maximum displacement is 16.8cm; There is obvious dislocation along the fault plane, in which the southwest disk is the descending disk, sliding to the northwest, the northeast plate is the rising disk, and moving southeast, the comprehensive result shows that the fault is the right-lateral strike-slip fault, which is consistent with the geological survey results.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：首都師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：P225;P227

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 李陶;張?jiān)娪?周春霞;;SAR干涉圖濾波與相位解纏算法比較研究[J];大地測(cè)量與地球動(dòng)力學(xué);2007年01期

2 季靈運(yùn);許建東;;利用D-InSAR和AZO技術(shù)獲取Bam地震同震三維形變場(chǎng)[J];大地測(cè)量與地球動(dòng)力學(xué);2009年06期

3 單新建;屈春燕;宋小剛;張桂芳;劉云華;郭利民;張國(guó)宏;李衛(wèi)東;;汶川M_s8.0級(jí)地震InSAR同震形變場(chǎng)觀測(cè)與研究[J];地球物理學(xué)報(bào);2009年02期

4 張景發(fā);郭慶十;龔利霞;;應(yīng)用InSAR技術(shù)測(cè)量礦山沉降與變化分析——以河北武安礦區(qū)為例[J];地球信息科學(xué);2008年05期

5 單新建,馬瑾,柳稼航,王長(zhǎng)林,宋曉宇;星載D-INSAR技術(shù)及初步應(yīng)用——以西藏瑪尼地震為例[J];地震地質(zhì);2001年03期

6 單新建,柳稼航,馬超;2001年昆侖山口西8.1級(jí)地震同震形變場(chǎng)特征的初步分析[J];地震學(xué)報(bào);2004年05期

7 夏耶;巴姆地震地表形變的差分雷達(dá)干涉測(cè)量[J];地震學(xué)報(bào);2005年04期

8 單新建,葉洪;干涉測(cè)量合成孔徑雷達(dá)技術(shù)原理及其在測(cè)量地震形變場(chǎng)中的應(yīng)用[J];地震學(xué)報(bào);1998年06期

9 胡俊;朱建軍;張長(zhǎng)書(shū);王興旺;李蘇;;DInSAR監(jiān)測(cè)地表三維形變的方法[J];工程勘察;2008年12期

10 羅三明;楊國(guó)華;董運(yùn)洪;李陶;袁油新;賈有良;;利用PSInSAR時(shí)間序列研究拉奎拉地震位移場(chǎng)變化特征[J];地球物理學(xué)進(jìn)展;2012年04期

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 洪順英;基于多視線向DInSAR技術(shù)的三維同震形變場(chǎng)解算方法研究及應(yīng)用[D];中國(guó)地震局地質(zhì)研究所;2010年

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前8條

1 邵葉;基于D-InSAR和Offset_Tracking技術(shù)的同震形變場(chǎng)提取研究[D];中國(guó)地震局地震預(yù)測(cè)研究所;2011年

2 黃寶偉;基于D-InSAR和GIS技術(shù)的煤礦區(qū)地面沉降監(jiān)測(cè)研究[D];中國(guó)石油大學(xué);2011年

3 喬書(shū)波;InSAR技術(shù)及其在大地測(cè)量與空間地球動(dòng)力學(xué)中的應(yīng)用研究[D];中國(guó)人民解放軍信息工程大學(xué);2003年

4 靳國(guó)旺;航天INSAR提取DEM的研究[D];中國(guó)人民解放軍信息工程大學(xué);2003年

5 侯四國(guó);SAR圖像海上船只檢測(cè)和定位方法的研究[D];解放軍信息工程大學(xué);2004年

6 牛瑞;InSAR復(fù)影像配準(zhǔn)方法與實(shí)踐[D];解放軍信息工程大學(xué);2005年

7 佟國(guó)功;基于InSAR的伊朗BAM地震形變場(chǎng)獲取和震源參數(shù)確定[D];中南大學(xué);2008年

8 張慧鑫;使用ALOS DInSAR提取5.12汶川地震同震地表形變場(chǎng)及形變場(chǎng)數(shù)值模擬[D];西南交通大學(xué);2010年

，

本文編號(hào)：2461380