【摘要】：耕地是我國最重要的土地資源，保持穩(wěn)定的耕地資源總量是國民經(jīng)濟(jì)持續(xù)發(fā)展和社會(huì)安定的基礎(chǔ)。土地適宜性評(píng)價(jià)就是評(píng)定土地對(duì)于某種用途是否適宜以及適宜的程度，它是進(jìn)行土地利用決策，確定土地利用方向的基本依據(jù)。耕地適宜性是土地適宜性評(píng)價(jià)的主要內(nèi)容之一，通過對(duì)用于耕作的土地進(jìn)行適宜性等級(jí)的劃分，揭示其作為耕地的適宜性程度的高低，從而為調(diào)整和優(yōu)化土地利用結(jié)構(gòu)，，制定合理的土地開發(fā)整理規(guī)劃提供科學(xué)依據(jù)。 本文基于四川省內(nèi)江市隆昌縣永久基本農(nóng)田劃定工作建設(shè)項(xiàng)目，把土壤資源普查數(shù)據(jù)作為耕地土壤性狀信息的來源數(shù)據(jù)，地理信息系統(tǒng)作為空間數(shù)據(jù)管理與分析的手段，層次分析法結(jié)合特爾斐法作為選取評(píng)價(jià)因子和確定其權(quán)重的方法。通過優(yōu)選出能代表隆昌縣耕地質(zhì)地的評(píng)價(jià)因子，初步建立隆昌縣耕地適宜性評(píng)價(jià)控制指標(biāo)體系及權(quán)重等級(jí)劃分。本文選取地形坡度、海拔高度、土層厚度、耕層質(zhì)地、土壤PH值含量、土壤氮含量、土壤磷含量、土壤鉀含量、土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)含量、排水條件、剖面構(gòu)型、水利條件、交通條件等13個(gè)評(píng)價(jià)因子建立本次耕地適宜性評(píng)價(jià)的評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)體系，并運(yùn)用層次分析法和特爾斐法確定其權(quán)重。評(píng)價(jià)中的地形指標(biāo)數(shù)據(jù)直接從隆昌縣的30mDEM中提取，對(duì)DEM進(jìn)行地形分析可以得到隆昌縣的高程信息圖和坡度信息圖。利用GIS技術(shù)，提取出各評(píng)價(jià)因子專題圖層，對(duì)各圖層進(jìn)行疊加。采用層次分析法及特爾菲法確定各評(píng)價(jià)因素權(quán)重，采用指數(shù)和法計(jì)算各評(píng)價(jià)單元的綜合分值，并進(jìn)行分等定級(jí)，最終得到隆昌縣耕地適宜性評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)果。 隆昌縣的耕地適宜性評(píng)價(jià)的結(jié)果顯示：高適宜區(qū)的總面積9746.64ha，占耕地總面積的18.26%，主要分布在隆昌縣的東南部地區(qū)；中適宜區(qū)的總面積為16259.35ha，占耕地總面積的30.47%，中適宜性區(qū)分布范圍較廣，主要分布在隆昌縣的東部、西南部以及中部地區(qū)；邊際適宜區(qū)的總面積為15814.39ha，占耕地總面積的29.63%，主要分布在隆昌縣的東南部、中北部以及中部地區(qū)；不適宜區(qū)的總面積為11552.26ha，占耕地總面積的21.64%，主要分布在隆昌縣的北部以及西北部地區(qū)。隆昌縣耕地適宜程度的評(píng)價(jià)，為以后的土地總體規(guī)劃和土地類型的調(diào)整提供了一定的依據(jù)，并針對(duì)不適宜區(qū)的主要限制因素，提出了改善目前狀況的建議。 本次研究在GIS/RS的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行了空間專題數(shù)據(jù)的提取和分析處理，結(jié)合了層次分析法和特爾斐法確定耕地適宜性評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)系統(tǒng)并確定了每個(gè)評(píng)價(jià)因子的權(quán)重，最終得出了分析結(jié)果。整個(gè)處理過程基本實(shí)現(xiàn)了數(shù)據(jù)處理的自動(dòng)化，大大的減少了人的工作量，提高了數(shù)據(jù)處理的精度和效率。對(duì)以后這方面的研究具有一定的參考價(jià)值。
[Abstract]:Cultivated land is the most important land resource in our country. Maintaining stable total cultivated land resource is the foundation of sustainable development of national economy and social stability. The evaluation of land suitability is to assess whether or not land is suitable for a certain use and the degree of suitability. It is the basic basis for land use decision-making and determination of land use direction. The suitability of cultivated land is one of the main contents of the evaluation of land suitability. By dividing the suitability grades of land used for cultivation, the degree of suitability of cultivated land is revealed, so as to adjust and optimize the land use structure. Make reasonable land development and consolidation plan to provide scientific basis. Based on the construction project of permanent basic farmland delineation in Longchang County, Neijiang City, Sichuan Province, this paper takes soil resource census data as the source data of cultivated land soil properties information, and geographic information system as a means of spatial data management and analysis. Analytic hierarchy process (AHP) combined with Delphi method as a method to select evaluation factors and determine their weights. By optimizing the evaluation factors which can represent the texture of cultivated land in Longchang County, the evaluation and control index system and weight classification of cultivated land suitability in Longchang County were established. In this paper, the topographical gradient, altitude, soil thickness, soil texture, soil PH content, soil nitrogen content, soil phosphorus content, soil potassium content, soil organic matter content, drainage conditions, profile configuration and water conservancy conditions were selected. 13 evaluation factors, such as traffic conditions, were used to establish the evaluation index system of the suitability of cultivated land, and their weights were determined by AHP and Delphi method. The topographic index data in the evaluation are directly extracted from the 30mDEM of Longchang County, and the elevation map and slope information map of Longchang County can be obtained by terrain analysis of DEM. GIS technology is used to extract the thematic layers of each evaluation factor and superimpose each layer. The weight of each evaluation factor was determined by analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and Delphi method. The comprehensive score of each evaluation unit was calculated by exponential sum method, and the evaluation results of cultivated land suitability in Longchang County were obtained by grading and grading. The results of cultivated land suitability evaluation in Longchang County show that the total area of high suitability area is 9746.64ha, accounting for 18.26% of the total cultivated land area, mainly distributed in the southeast of Longchang County; The total area of the middle suitable area is 16259.35ha, accounting for 30.47% of the total cultivated land area. The middle suitable area is widely distributed, mainly in the eastern, southwest and central regions of Longchang County. The total area of marginal suitability area is 15814.39ha, accounting for 29.63% of the total cultivated land area, mainly distributed in the southeast, north-central and central regions of Longchang County; The total area of unsuitable area is 11552.26ha, accounting for 21.64% of the total cultivated land area, mainly distributed in the north and northwest of Longchang County. The evaluation of the suitability of cultivated land in Longchang County provides a certain basis for the general planning of land and the adjustment of land type in the future, and puts forward some suggestions to improve the present situation in view of the main limiting factors of the unsuitable area. On the basis of GIS/RS, this research carries on the extraction and analysis of the spatial thematic data, combines the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and the Delphi method to determine the evaluation index system of the suitability of cultivated land and determines the weight of each evaluation factor. Finally, the analysis results are obtained. The whole processing process basically realizes the automation of data processing, greatly reduces the workload of human beings, and improves the precision and efficiency of data processing. It has certain reference value for the future research in this field.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：成都理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：F323.211;P208

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本文編號(hào)：2450841