【摘要】：自2002年地球重力場(chǎng)恢復(fù)和氣候試驗(yàn)衛(wèi)星GRACE(Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment)發(fā)射至今,已連續(xù)運(yùn)行15余年,積累了大量寶貴的科學(xué)觀測(cè)數(shù)據(jù),在地球重力場(chǎng)特別是在時(shí)變重力場(chǎng)、靜態(tài)重力場(chǎng),地表質(zhì)量變化、地表負(fù)荷形變、陸地水儲(chǔ)量變化、冰川海洋變化及強(qiáng)震形變等研究中做出了巨大的貢獻(xiàn)。陸地水儲(chǔ)量的變化會(huì)引起地球重力場(chǎng)的改變,而這種變化恰好可被GRACE重力衛(wèi)星有效監(jiān)測(cè)到。通過(guò)GRACE衛(wèi)星提供的時(shí)變重力場(chǎng),可以反演陸地水文信號(hào)得到大尺度陸地水儲(chǔ)量變化,進(jìn)一步結(jié)合水文模型即可探測(cè)出地下水變化特征,這不僅可為研究區(qū)域水資源動(dòng)態(tài)變化和防控管理等提供了新的思路與方法,而且可為因開(kāi)采地下水造成地面沉降災(zāi)害機(jī)理研究提供有價(jià)值的參考。為此,本文選取我國(guó)大陸板塊內(nèi)部地下水開(kāi)采典型華北區(qū)域以及美國(guó)洋——陸板塊交界處地下水開(kāi)采最為嚴(yán)重的加州中央山谷區(qū)域,利用GRACE重力場(chǎng)模型開(kāi)展了區(qū)域陸地水文信息變化特征的研究,對(duì)聯(lián)合GPS觀測(cè)形變數(shù)據(jù)恢復(fù)區(qū)域陸地水儲(chǔ)量真實(shí)信號(hào)做了嘗試分析,主要研究?jī)?nèi)容包括與成果如下:(1)詳述了利用GRACE重力場(chǎng)位模型系數(shù)反演陸地水儲(chǔ)量研究現(xiàn)狀與關(guān)鍵技術(shù),推導(dǎo)了利用GRACE重力場(chǎng)模型反演地表質(zhì)量變化的公式原理,并基于GSM數(shù)據(jù)對(duì)重力場(chǎng)后處理過(guò)程中經(jīng)典濾波方法使用不同參數(shù)做了對(duì)比試驗(yàn)分析,給出了有關(guān)采用何種濾波方法有效性的有價(jià)值的參考。(2)針對(duì)利用重力場(chǎng)模型反演過(guò)程中會(huì)存在高階截?cái)唷V波、泄露誤差等帶來(lái)真實(shí)信號(hào)損失的問(wèn)題,提出了“附加GPS時(shí)序約束恢復(fù)區(qū)域水文信號(hào)”的新算法:通過(guò)頻譜分析法比較由重力場(chǎng)模型反演出的地表負(fù)荷形變與GPS監(jiān)測(cè)形變,得到反演過(guò)程中產(chǎn)生的信號(hào)損失比,從而依據(jù)該“比例”即可恢復(fù)出質(zhì)量變化的真實(shí)信號(hào)。(3)利用GRACE重力場(chǎng)模型CSR_RL05數(shù)據(jù),反演獲得了華北平原陸地水儲(chǔ)量變化信息,并結(jié)合水文模型數(shù)據(jù)計(jì)算獲得了華北平原地下水動(dòng)態(tài)變化特征。研究表明:華北平原地區(qū)地表水變化量較為微弱,變化周期穩(wěn)定,而GRACE觀測(cè)到的陸地水總儲(chǔ)量變化主要是由于地下水變化所致;在2002—2016年華北平原地區(qū)陸地水儲(chǔ)量約以37.32mm/a速率減少,地下水年損失速率約為34.6±3.2 mm/a,地下水損失量約為660.5億噸。(4)利用GRACE重力場(chǎng)模型數(shù)據(jù)、GLDAS水文模型數(shù)據(jù)及美國(guó)PBO監(jiān)測(cè)網(wǎng)GPS形變信息,采用附加GPS時(shí)序約束方法反演獲得了美國(guó)加州中央山谷地下水的動(dòng)態(tài)變化特征。研究表明:加州中央山谷區(qū)域陸地水儲(chǔ)量整體呈下降趨勢(shì),地表水變化長(zhǎng)期呈現(xiàn)出均衡狀態(tài)但略有下降,并且變化趨勢(shì)與陸地水儲(chǔ)量變化相近;2003—2015年加州中央山谷地下水年損失率約為16.43±1.98 mm/a,該結(jié)果與前期研究結(jié)果基本一致,從而也驗(yàn)證了附加GPS時(shí)序約束方法的可行性。
[Abstract]:Since 2002, when the Earth's gravity field recovery and climate test satellite GRACE (Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment) was launched, it has been operating continuously for more than 15 years, and has accumulated a great deal of valuable scientific observation data, especially in the time-varying gravity field, static gravity field, and the earth's gravity field, especially in the time-varying gravity field, static gravity field. Great contributions have been made in the study of surface mass change, surface load deformation, land water reserve change, glacier ocean change and strong earthquake deformation. Changes in land water reserves will cause changes in the earth's gravity field, which can be effectively monitored by GRACE gravity satellites. Through the time-varying gravity field provided by GRACE satellite, the large-scale change of land water reserves can be obtained by inversion of land hydrological signals, and the characteristics of groundwater variation can be detected by further combining hydrological model. It can not only provide new ideas and methods for studying the dynamic change of regional water resources, prevention and control, but also provide valuable reference for the study of the mechanism of land subsidence disasters caused by the exploitation of groundwater. For this reason, this paper selects the typical North China area and the California Central Valley, where groundwater exploitation is the most serious at the junction of the ocean-land plate of the United States of America, in the interior of the continental plate of China. Based on the GRACE gravity field model, the variation characteristics of regional land hydrologic information are studied, and the real signal of regional land water reserves can be recovered from the deformation data observed by GPS, and an attempt is made to analyze the real signal of regional land water reserves. The main research contents and achievements are as follows: (1) the research status and key techniques of inversion of land water reserves by using GRACE gravity field potential model coefficient are described in detail, and the formula principle of using GRACE gravity field model to invert land surface mass change is deduced. Based on the GSM data, the classical filtering methods in the post-processing process of gravity field are compared and analyzed with different parameters. The valuable reference about the effectiveness of the filtering method is given. (2) in view of the problems of high-order truncation, filtering, leakage error and so on, the real signal loss will be caused in the inversion process of gravity field model. In this paper, a new algorithm for restoring regional hydrological signals with GPS time series constraints is proposed. The ground load deformation retrieved from gravity field model is compared with the deformation monitored by GPS by means of spectrum analysis, and the loss ratio of signal generated in the inversion process is obtained. According to the "scale", the real signal of mass change can be recovered. (3) using CSR_RL05 data of GRACE gravity field model, the change information of land water reserves in North China Plain is obtained. Combined with hydrological model data, the dynamic characteristics of groundwater in North China Plain are obtained. The results show that the change of surface water in North China Plain is relatively weak and the period of change is stable, while the change of total land water reserves observed by GRACE is mainly due to the change of groundwater. In 2002-2016, the reserves of land water in North China Plain decreased at the rate of 37.32mm/a, and the annual loss rate of groundwater was about 34.6 鹵3.2mm/a,. (4) using the GRACE gravity field model data, the loss of groundwater was about 66.05 billion tons. GLDAS hydrologic model data and GPS deformation information of American PBO monitoring network are used to retrieve the dynamic variation characteristics of groundwater in the Central Valley of California by using GPS time series constraint method. The results show that the total land water reserves in the central valley of California show a downward trend, and the surface water changes show a long-term equilibrium but a slight decline, and the trend of change is similar to that of land water reserves. The annual loss rate of groundwater in the Central Valley of California from 2003 to 2015 is about 16.43 鹵1.98 mm/a, which is basically consistent with the results of previous studies. Therefore, the feasibility of the method with GPS time series constraints is also verified.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：長(zhǎng)安大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：P22;P332

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