發(fā)布時間：2019-02-19 10:30

【摘要】：隨著近年來IGS及其分析中心公布的精密衛(wèi)星軌道和鐘差產(chǎn)品的精度不斷提高，以及GPS單點定位由于精度較低無法實現(xiàn)高精度定位，差分GPS定位又受作業(yè)距離、儀器成本等因素制約的現(xiàn)狀。非差精密單點定位技術(shù)成為全球衛(wèi)星定位技術(shù)的研究熱點，近年來也涌現(xiàn)出大量的研究成果，但其發(fā)展存在兩方面因素的制約：一是精密單點定位收斂時間較長，，無法廣泛普及于工程應(yīng)用；二是精密衛(wèi)星星歷存在時延性，無法滿足實時用戶的需求。 本文針對精密單點定位收斂時間較長的問題進行探討分析。首先，簡要闡述了精密單點定位的基本原理；然后，探討了精密單點定位的數(shù)據(jù)處理方法；最后，通過試驗討論分析了影響精密單點定位收斂時間的因素，并總結(jié)出一些可以減少PPP收斂時間的改善措施。 通過對影響精密單點定位收斂時間的因素進行算例分析，包括觀測數(shù)據(jù)的質(zhì)量及采樣間隔、精密衛(wèi)星星歷的類型、對流層改正方法及衛(wèi)星空間幾何構(gòu)型PDOP，得出以下幾點有益的結(jié)論： （1）接收機類型及硬件延遲偏差對精密單點定位收斂時間的影響甚微。 （2）對高緯度地區(qū)的測站，用對流層參數(shù)估計法進行解算，不僅可以加速精密單點定位的收斂時間，而且可以大幅度提高定位結(jié)果的精度。對于中低緯度的測站，在X、Y方向上參數(shù)估計的收斂速度與定位精度均明顯優(yōu)于模型改正，在Z方向參數(shù)估計和模型改正收斂速度相當。總體來說，參數(shù)估計的定位精度和收斂速度均明顯優(yōu)于模型改正。 （3）對于采樣間隔較�。ù笥�1s）的觀測數(shù)據(jù)，其定位結(jié)果的收斂速度相對于采樣間隔較大的觀測數(shù)據(jù)有所加快。對于觀測時段較長的數(shù)據(jù)，觀測數(shù)據(jù)的采樣間隔對收斂速度的影響較�。粚τ谟^測時段較短的數(shù)據(jù)（一般認為2h之內(nèi)），觀測數(shù)據(jù)的采樣間隔對收斂速度的影響較大。 （4）衛(wèi)星的幾何精度因子PDOP不僅與可視衛(wèi)星數(shù)密切相關(guān)，而且與衛(wèi)星星座的幾何構(gòu)型有關(guān)。當可視衛(wèi)星數(shù)越多，衛(wèi)星星座的幾何構(gòu)型越好，相應(yīng)的PDOP值越小，定位精度越高，其收斂速度越快。
[Abstract]:With the improvement of precision satellite orbit and clock error products published by IGS and its analysis center in recent years, as well as the low precision of GPS single point positioning, the differential GPS positioning can not achieve high precision positioning, and the differential GPS positioning is subjected to the operating distance. The current situation of equipment cost and other factors. Non-differential precise single-point positioning technology has become the research hotspot of global satellite positioning technology, and a large number of research results have emerged in recent years, but its development is restricted by two factors: the first is the long convergence time of precision single-point positioning. Can not be widely used in engineering; Second, the precision satellite ephemeris can not meet the needs of real-time users because of its ductility. In this paper, the problem of long convergence time for precise single point positioning is discussed and analyzed. Firstly, the basic principle of precision single point positioning is briefly described, and then the data processing method of precision single point positioning is discussed. Finally, the factors affecting the convergence time of precise single point positioning are discussed and analyzed, and some improvement measures are summarized to reduce the convergence time of PPP. Through the analysis of the factors affecting the convergence time of precise single point positioning, including the quality of observation data and sampling interval, the type of precise satellite ephemeris, the method of tropospheric correction and the geometric configuration of satellite PDOP,. Some useful conclusions are obtained as follows: (1) the type of receiver and the delay deviation of hardware have little effect on the convergence time of precise single point positioning. (2) the method of tropospheric parameter estimation can not only accelerate the convergence time of precise single point positioning, but also greatly improve the accuracy of positioning results. The convergence speed and positioning accuracy of parameter estimation in XY direction are obviously better than that of model correction for stations in middle and low latitudes. The convergence speed of parameter estimation in Z direction is similar to that of model correction in Z direction. In general, the location accuracy and convergence rate of parameter estimation are obviously superior to those of model correction. (3) for the observation data with small sampling interval (> 1 s), the convergence rate of the localization results is faster than that of the observation data with larger sampling interval. For the data with longer observation period, the sampling interval of observation data has little effect on the convergence rate, while for the data with shorter observation period (generally considered within 2 hours), the sampling interval of observation data has a great effect on the convergence rate. (4) the geometric precision factor (PDOP) of satellites is not only closely related to the number of visible satellites, but also to the geometric configuration of satellite constellations. When the number of visible satellites is more, the geometric configuration of satellite constellation is better, the corresponding PDOP value is smaller, the positioning accuracy is higher, and the convergence speed is faster.
【學位授予單位】：長安大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：P228.4

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