【摘要】：近年來,無人機低空遙感系統(tǒng)因其自身獨特的優(yōu)勢,逐漸成為常規(guī)遙感系統(tǒng)(衛(wèi)星遙感、航天航空遙感)的有效補充,作為一種新的對地觀測手段廣泛應(yīng)用于各個領(lǐng)域,尤其是在應(yīng)急災(zāi)害救援中發(fā)揮著不可替代的作用。在近期云南發(fā)生的盈江地震、貢山泥石流、洱源特大泥石流、彝良地震等應(yīng)急救災(zāi)事件中,無人機低空遙感系統(tǒng)第一時間獲取了分辨率為0.2m～0.4m的影像數(shù)據(jù)。但這些影像都存在像幅小、數(shù)量多、數(shù)據(jù)量大、畸變嚴(yán)重、重疊度不規(guī)則等問題,為了獲得良好的視覺效果,方便災(zāi)害信息的有效提取和分析,必須對其進(jìn)行快速的拼接,并且能與原有的地圖資料通過google earth等軟件進(jìn)行疊加分析,實現(xiàn)快速的空間定位,及時掌握災(zāi)情信息,指導(dǎo)救援工作。 為了在應(yīng)急救災(zāi)中充分發(fā)揮無人機遙感影像的優(yōu)勢,本文做了以下方面的研究： (1)分析無人機遙感系統(tǒng)的誤差來源；根據(jù)數(shù)碼相機的特點及畸變模型,研究如何改正原始影像的畸變差；研究無人機的空中三角測量及流程； (2)通過深入研究無人機影像配準(zhǔn)算法的原理、特點及流程,將基于特征點匹配的SIFT算法應(yīng)用到無人機影像的自動匹配中,并分析基于坐標(biāo)信息和基于SIFT特征這兩種圖像拼接思路的優(yōu)缺點,融合這兩種方法的優(yōu)點,提出改進(jìn)的無人機遙感影像拼接技術(shù)方法； (3)在進(jìn)行影像融合時,分析影像融合的算法原理和優(yōu)缺點,提出一種改進(jìn)的加權(quán)融合算法,重新計算出歸一化處理后參考影像和待拼接影像重疊區(qū)域的平均像素值,再分別處理影像重疊區(qū)域的兩側(cè),使拼接全景圖顏色實現(xiàn)自然過渡。 (4)采用C#語言,在Visual Studio201勺平臺上成功利用改進(jìn)的影像拼接技術(shù)方法對數(shù)十張影像進(jìn)行拼接融合,獲得的拼接全景圖不僅具有坐標(biāo)信息,還可以與google earth等軟件進(jìn)行疊加分析,進(jìn)行快速的空間定位,指導(dǎo)救援工作,具有很高的實用價值。
[Abstract]:In recent years, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) low altitude remote sensing system has become an effective supplement to conventional remote sensing system (satellite remote sensing, aerospace remote sensing) because of its unique advantages. As a new means of earth observation, it has been widely used in various fields. Especially in the emergency disaster relief plays an irreplaceable role. In the recent Yingjiang earthquake, Gongshan debris flow, Eryuan mega-debris flow, Yiliang earthquake and other emergency disaster relief events, the UAV low-altitude remote sensing system obtained the image data with resolution of 0.2m~0.4m in the first time. However, there are many problems in these images, such as small image size, large amount of data, serious distortion, irregular overlap degree, etc. In order to obtain good visual effect and facilitate the effective extraction and analysis of disaster information, it must be quickly stitched together. And it can be superimposed with the original map data by google earth and other software to realize the rapid spatial positioning, grasp the disaster information in time, and guide the rescue work. In order to give full play to the advantages of UAV remote sensing image in emergency disaster relief, this paper has done the following research: (1) analyze the error source of UAV remote sensing system; According to the characteristics and distortion model of digital camera, this paper studies how to correct the distortion difference of the original image, and studies the aerial triangulation and flow chart of UAV. (2) by studying the principle, characteristics and flow of UAV image registration algorithm, SIFT algorithm based on feature point matching is applied to UAV image automatic matching. The advantages and disadvantages of the two image stitching methods based on coordinate information and SIFT feature are analyzed, and the advantages of these two methods are fused, and an improved remote sensing image mosaic method for UAV is proposed. (3) in the process of image fusion, the principle, advantages and disadvantages of the image fusion algorithm are analyzed, and an improved weighted fusion algorithm is proposed to recalculate the average pixel value of the overlapped region of the reference image and the image to be stitched after normalized processing. Then the two sides of the overlapped region are processed separately, so that the color of the stitched panoramic image can be transited naturally. (4) using C # language, the improved image stitching technology is successfully used in Visual Studio201 platform to fuse dozens of images. The mosaic panoramic images not only have coordinate information, It can also be superimposed with software such as google earth to locate space quickly and guide rescue work. It is of high practical value.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：昆明理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：P231;P237

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