【摘要】：數(shù)字高程模型(DEM)中蘊(yùn)含著各種豐富的地形結(jié)構(gòu)特征信息,如特征點(diǎn),特征線,特征面。這些點(diǎn)、線、面是構(gòu)建地形地貌的骨架,并對(duì)地形地貌有一定的控制作用。例如,在地貌形態(tài)研究中,山頂點(diǎn)是不可或缺的地形特征點(diǎn)之一。山脊線和山谷線構(gòu)成了地形起伏變化的分界線,從物理角度來講,同時(shí)也是分水線和匯水線,不僅對(duì)于地形地貌的研究有著重要的意義,而且在工程應(yīng)用方面也有著特殊的意義。從DEM數(shù)據(jù)中提取隱含的地形特征信息是地學(xué)研究的重點(diǎn)問題之一。基于DEM數(shù)據(jù)的地形特征提取方法,依據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)源主要分為三種,即基于規(guī)則格網(wǎng)數(shù)據(jù)的地形特征提取、基于不規(guī)則三角網(wǎng)地形特征提取以及基于等高線數(shù)據(jù)的地形特征提取。由于規(guī)則格網(wǎng)數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)簡單等優(yōu)點(diǎn),本文研究了規(guī)則格網(wǎng)數(shù)據(jù)的地形特征提取方法。本文介紹了提取地形特征的國內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)現(xiàn)狀和相關(guān)理論闡述了山頂點(diǎn)、山脊線和山谷線的相關(guān)概念和提取算法.并且結(jié)合實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)對(duì)改進(jìn)的山頂點(diǎn)山脊線山谷線算法進(jìn)行分析。在山頂點(diǎn)的提取中,改進(jìn)前人的算法,通過分析山頂點(diǎn)形態(tài)特征,設(shè)計(jì)了一種基于形態(tài)分析的山頂點(diǎn)快速提取方法,研究結(jié)果表明該方法研能夠快速有效的提取山頂點(diǎn),并且DEM分辨率和分析窗口的大小對(duì)于山頂點(diǎn)的提取有著重要的影響。論文中山谷線和山脊線的提取是基于水流模擬方法提取的,主要針對(duì)原始DEM數(shù)據(jù)的預(yù)處理方法進(jìn)行改進(jìn),并對(duì)提取的結(jié)果利用正負(fù)地形加以改正,最終得到提取結(jié)果。本文改進(jìn)的研究算法,提取的地形特征與實(shí)際地形相吻合。提取的地形特征信息為地形結(jié)構(gòu)研究、地形空間分布研究以及制圖綜合提供了基礎(chǔ)。但是算法中出現(xiàn)的一些理論和技術(shù)處理上的問題需要進(jìn)一步改進(jìn)。
[Abstract]:The digital elevation model (DEM) contains a variety of topographic features, such as feature points, feature lines and feature surfaces. These points, lines and surfaces are the skeleton of terrain and geomorphology. For example, in the study of geomorphology, the hilltop is one of the indispensable topographic features. The ridge line and the valley line constitute the dividing line of the topographic fluctuation and change. From the physical point of view, they are also the dividing line and the catchment line, which is not only of great significance for the study of the topography and geomorphology. And in the engineering application also has the special significance. Extracting the hidden terrain feature information from DEM data is one of the key problems in geoscience research. The methods of terrain feature extraction based on DEM data are mainly divided into three types according to data sources: terrain feature extraction based on regular grid data, terrain feature extraction based on irregular triangular network and terrain feature extraction based on contour data. Because of the simple structure of regular grid data, the terrain feature extraction method of regular grid data is studied in this paper. In this paper, the present research situation and related theories of extracting topographic features at home and abroad are introduced. The concepts and extraction algorithms of peak point, ridge line and valley line are expounded. Based on the experimental data, the improved algorithm of mountain ridge line and valley line is analyzed. In the extraction of peak point, the former algorithm is improved. By analyzing the morphological characteristics of the peak point, a fast extraction method based on morphological analysis is designed. The research results show that the method can extract the peak point quickly and effectively. And the DEM resolution and the size of the analysis window have an important effect on the extraction of peak points. The extraction of valley line and ridge line in this paper is based on the method of water flow simulation, which mainly improves the preprocessing method of original DEM data, and corrects the result by positive and negative terrain, and finally obtains the result of extraction. In this paper, the improved algorithm, the extracted terrain features are consistent with the actual terrain. The extracted topographic feature information provides a basis for the study of topographic structure, terrain spatial distribution and cartographic generalization. However, some theoretical and technical problems in the algorithm need to be further improved.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東華理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：P208

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