【摘要】：近幾十年中,隨著GNSS觀測(cè)技術(shù)的不斷發(fā)展和模型精化,使得GPS單天定位精度在水平方向可達(dá)3mm左右,高程方向定位精度可達(dá)6mm左右;若對(duì)于長(zhǎng)時(shí)間連續(xù)觀測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行高精度解算,其水平方向和高程方向定位精度分別可達(dá)1mm左右和3mm左右。如此高的定位精度使得GPS等空間對(duì)地觀測(cè)技術(shù)應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域逐漸擴(kuò)大。在全球參考框架下的中國(guó)大陸地殼運(yùn)動(dòng)速率約為每年十幾個(gè)毫米,垂向運(yùn)動(dòng)振幅最大與最小差值在厘米級(jí),因此基于GPS約束下監(jiān)測(cè)局部區(qū)域地殼垂向運(yùn)動(dòng)成為可能。因此,本文基于GPS垂向時(shí)間序列變化,并扣除了大氣擾動(dòng)負(fù)荷和土壤水遷徙負(fù)荷的形變影響,最終實(shí)現(xiàn)了反演關(guān)中平原地區(qū)的地下水儲(chǔ)量變化。(1)基于格值方法對(duì)所需解算測(cè)站進(jìn)行均勻分區(qū),避免了較短基線的出現(xiàn),并選擇最佳的參數(shù)估算模型和解算方案,得到N、E、U三方向的高精度GNSS臺(tái)站時(shí)間序列。(2)利用全球大氣數(shù)據(jù)模型和全球土壤水同化數(shù)據(jù)模型以及基于球諧函數(shù)模型的球諧展開(kāi),定量地計(jì)算了大氣擾動(dòng)負(fù)荷和土壤水遷徙負(fù)荷對(duì)中國(guó)大陸區(qū)域地殼的形變影響;得到了中國(guó)區(qū)域內(nèi)的2010-2016年時(shí)段內(nèi)的平均大氣導(dǎo)納值。(3)將GPS時(shí)間序列按照每月一個(gè)值進(jìn)行抽稀,并扣除以每月一值的大氣擾動(dòng)負(fù)荷形變和土壤水遷徙負(fù)荷形變,可得出GPS垂向時(shí)間序列振幅明顯減小,說(shuō)明二者對(duì)地殼垂向運(yùn)動(dòng)影響不可忽視。(4)利用扣除大氣擾動(dòng)負(fù)荷和土壤水遷徙負(fù)荷形變影響的GPS垂向時(shí)間序列,反演了關(guān)中地區(qū)地下水儲(chǔ)量對(duì)地殼沉降的響應(yīng)情況,符合實(shí)際。并利用流動(dòng)重力臺(tái)站定量的計(jì)算了關(guān)中平原地下水儲(chǔ)量的變化,得出地下水儲(chǔ)量總體而言相對(duì)穩(wěn)定。為此地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)和工程設(shè)計(jì)提供了重要的基礎(chǔ)理論。
[Abstract]:In recent decades, with the continuous development of GNSS observation technology and model refinement, the positioning accuracy of GPS can reach 3mm in the horizontal direction and 6mm in the elevation direction. If a high precision solution is carried out for a long time continuous observation data, the positioning accuracy of horizontal direction and elevation direction can reach about 1mm and 3mm, respectively. With such high positioning accuracy, the application of GPS and other space-to-earth observation technology is gradually expanded. The crustal movement rate of the Chinese continent under the global reference frame is about ten millimeters per year, and the maximum and minimum difference between the vertical motion amplitude and the minimum amplitude is in the centimeter order, so it is possible to monitor the local regional vertical crustal movement based on the GPS constraint. Therefore, based on the variation of GPS vertical time series, the deformation effects of atmospheric disturbance load and soil water migration load are deducted. Finally, the groundwater reserves change in Guanzhong Plain area is inversed. (1) based on the lattice value method, the required solution stations are evenly partitioned to avoid the occurrence of a shorter baseline, and the optimal parameter estimation model and solution are selected. A high-precision GNSS station time series with three directions is obtained. (2) the spherical harmonic expansion based on the global atmospheric data model, the global soil water assimilation data model and the spherical harmonic function model is used. The effects of atmospheric disturbance load and soil water migration load on the crustal deformation in the mainland of China are calculated quantitatively. The average atmospheric admittance during the period 2010-2016 in China is obtained. (3) the GPS time series is thinned according to one value per month, and the deformation of atmospheric disturbance load and soil water migration load is deducted. It can be concluded that the amplitude of GPS vertical time series is obviously reduced, which indicates that the influence of both of them on the vertical crustal movement can not be ignored. (4) the vertical time series of GPS is used to deduct the effects of atmospheric disturbance load and soil water migration load deformation. The response of groundwater reserves to crustal subsidence in Guanzhong area is inversed. The variation of groundwater reserves in Guanzhong Plain is calculated quantitatively by using mobile gravity stations, and it is concluded that the groundwater reserves are relatively stable in general. Therefore, regional economic construction and engineering design provide an important basic theory.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：P228.4

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