【摘要】：生態(tài)環(huán)境敏感性評(píng)價(jià)是進(jìn)行生態(tài)區(qū)劃的基礎(chǔ)，也是生態(tài)系統(tǒng)評(píng)價(jià)的一項(xiàng)重要內(nèi)容，它是反應(yīng)各區(qū)域自身狀況對(duì)外界干擾的適應(yīng)能力。進(jìn)行生態(tài)環(huán)境敏感性評(píng)價(jià)，對(duì)于進(jìn)行區(qū)域生態(tài)功能區(qū)劃、制定城市的環(huán)境保護(hù)政策具有很重要的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。 生態(tài)環(huán)境敏感性受很多影響因子的制約，它是多因子綜合作用的產(chǎn)物。本文從系統(tǒng)工程的角度出發(fā)，按照層次分析法的理論要求選取合適的評(píng)價(jià)因子對(duì)金壇市的土地生態(tài)環(huán)境敏感性進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià)。選取了水環(huán)境、地質(zhì)災(zāi)害、土地利用類(lèi)型、耕地地力四個(gè)評(píng)價(jià)因子，從單因子評(píng)價(jià)到多因子綜合評(píng)價(jià)。并運(yùn)用面向?qū)ο蟮姆诸?lèi)方法提取土地利用類(lèi)型，提取結(jié)果直接參與土地生態(tài)敏感性的評(píng)價(jià)過(guò)程。 在選取評(píng)價(jià)方法時(shí)，，充分考慮現(xiàn)有的評(píng)價(jià)方法，結(jié)合金壇市的生態(tài)環(huán)境現(xiàn)狀，選擇更能反應(yīng)金壇市實(shí)際情況的客觀評(píng)價(jià)方法，使用GIS軟件提供的區(qū)統(tǒng)計(jì)方法進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià)因子疊加，以變異系數(shù)法確定因子的權(quán)重，以村為評(píng)價(jià)單元對(duì)金壇市的土地生態(tài)環(huán)境進(jìn)行了客觀的評(píng)價(jià)。 土地生態(tài)環(huán)境敏感性評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)果顯示，高度敏感區(qū)占到全市總面積的28.17%，中度敏感區(qū)占到全市總面積的35.57%，低度敏感區(qū)占到全市總面積的15.11%，不敏感區(qū)占到全市總面積的35.57%。其中高敏感區(qū)主要分布在直溪鎮(zhèn)、朱林鎮(zhèn)、指前鎮(zhèn)和長(zhǎng)蕩湖這四個(gè)區(qū)域，該區(qū)域生態(tài)敏感性極強(qiáng)，要加強(qiáng)保護(hù)；中敏感區(qū)主要分布在金城鎮(zhèn)、堯塘鎮(zhèn)和儒林鎮(zhèn)，開(kāi)發(fā)強(qiáng)度不宜過(guò)高，低敏感區(qū)和不敏感區(qū)主要分布在金壇市的市中心和薛埠鎮(zhèn)，可適當(dāng)進(jìn)行開(kāi)發(fā)。 區(qū)統(tǒng)計(jì)與變異系數(shù)法相結(jié)合的方法運(yùn)用到土地生態(tài)環(huán)境敏感性評(píng)價(jià)工作中，使得評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)果更加客觀，更能反映實(shí)際的生態(tài)環(huán)境問(wèn)題。 面向?qū)ο笮畔⑻崛〉姆椒ǹ煽焖俚膹倪b感影像中提取出土地利用類(lèi)型數(shù)據(jù)。與傳統(tǒng)的基于象元的分類(lèi)方法相比，面向?qū)ο蟮姆诸?lèi)方法能夠充分挖掘高分辨率遙感影像中的豐富信息，極大的提高了土地利用類(lèi)型的提取精度。面向?qū)ο蟮男畔⑻崛》椒ǹ梢愿鶕?jù)不同的土地利用類(lèi)型，從光譜、紋理、形狀等特征信息出發(fā)，構(gòu)建分類(lèi)樹(shù)，該分類(lèi)方法更符合人類(lèi)對(duì)事物的認(rèn)知過(guò)程。 土地利用類(lèi)型的提取結(jié)果可直接參與土地生態(tài)環(huán)境敏感性評(píng)價(jià)過(guò)程，使得評(píng)價(jià)過(guò)程更加簡(jiǎn)便，把面向?qū)ο蠓诸?lèi)的方法運(yùn)用到土地生態(tài)環(huán)境敏感性評(píng)價(jià)工作中來(lái)，使得評(píng)價(jià)過(guò)程中數(shù)據(jù)的獲取更加方便，充分挖掘了遙感數(shù)據(jù)獲取信息的優(yōu)勢(shì)。 將GIS與RS相結(jié)合的研究方法用于土地生態(tài)環(huán)境敏感性評(píng)價(jià)的研究中，既充分挖掘了遙感數(shù)據(jù)的信息，又充分運(yùn)用了GIS的空間分析功能，提高了土地生態(tài)環(huán)境敏感性評(píng)價(jià)的可操作性，簡(jiǎn)化了評(píng)價(jià)過(guò)程，使得評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)果更加符合客觀事實(shí)，能夠?yàn)閰^(qū)域生態(tài)功能區(qū)劃工作提供幫助。
[Abstract]:Eco-environmental sensitivity assessment is not only the basis of ecological regionalization, but also an important part of ecosystem assessment. It is the adaptive ability to reflect the external disturbance of each region. The evaluation of ecological environment sensitivity is of great practical significance to regional ecological function regionalization and urban environmental protection policy. The sensitivity of ecological environment is restricted by many factors, and it is the product of multiple factors. From the point of view of system engineering, according to the theoretical requirements of Analytic hierarchy process (AHP), this paper selects appropriate evaluation factors to evaluate the sensitivity of the land ecological environment in Jintan City. Four evaluation factors, water environment, geological hazard, land use type and cultivated land fertility, were selected, from single factor evaluation to multi-factor comprehensive evaluation. The land use types are extracted by using the object-oriented classification method, and the results are directly involved in the evaluation process of land ecological sensitivity. When selecting the evaluation method, considering the existing evaluation method, combining the present situation of the ecological environment in Jintan City, choosing the objective evaluation method which can reflect the actual situation of Jintan City, and using the area statistics method provided by the GIS software, the evaluation factors are superimposed. The weights of the factors were determined by the method of coefficient of variation, and the land ecological environment of Jintan was evaluated objectively with the village as the evaluation unit. The results show that the highly sensitive area accounts for 28.17% of the total area of the whole city, the moderate sensitive area occupies 35.57% of the total area of the whole city, and the low sensitive area occupies 15.11% of the total area of the whole city. Insensitive areas account for 35.57% of the total area of the city. The high sensitive areas are mainly distributed in Zhixi Town, Zhulin Town, Zeiqian Town and Changdang Lake. The ecological sensitivity of this region is very strong, so it is necessary to strengthen protection. The middle sensitive areas are mainly distributed in Jincheng, Yaotang and Joulin towns, the development intensity should not be too high, and the low sensitive areas and insensitive areas are mainly distributed in the center of Jintan City and Xuebu Town, which can be properly developed. The method of district statistics and coefficient of variation is applied to the evaluation of the sensitivity of land ecological environment, which makes the evaluation results more objective and reflects the actual ecological environment problems. The object-oriented information extraction method can quickly extract land use type data from remote sensing images. Compared with the traditional pixel based classification method, the object-oriented classification method can fully mine the rich information in the high-resolution remote sensing image, and greatly improve the precision of land use type extraction. According to different land use types, the object-oriented information extraction method can construct a classification tree based on spectrum, texture, shape and other feature information. This classification method is more in line with the process of human cognition of things. The extraction results of land use types can directly participate in the process of land eco-environmental sensitivity evaluation, which makes the evaluation process more convenient. The object-oriented classification method is applied to the evaluation of land eco-environmental sensitivity. It makes it more convenient to obtain the data in the evaluation process, and fully excavates the advantages of remote sensing data to obtain information. The research method of combining GIS and RS in the study of land ecological environment sensitivity assessment not only fully excavates the information of remote sensing data, but also makes full use of the spatial analysis function of GIS. It improves the maneuverability of the land eco-environment sensitivity evaluation, simplifies the evaluation process, makes the evaluation results more in line with the objective facts, and can provide help for the work of regional ecological functional regionalization.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘭州交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：X826;P237;P208

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