【摘要】：自上世紀60年代以來,雷達干涉測量(InSAR)技術具有獲取高精度空間三維信息的能力已經得到了證明,在其基礎上發(fā)展而來的D-InSAR技術也逐漸成為了測量地形高程和地表形變的最有力手段之一。由于地表形變威脅著人類生存環(huán)境,對地表形變進行監(jiān)測引起了各國政府的重視。InSAR/D-InSAR技術的出現,克服了人工水準測量、GPS技術和光學遙感等傳統手段獲取形變信息所受到的限制,實現了大面積、低成本、高效率地監(jiān)測地面微小形變,監(jiān)測精度可達厘米至毫米級。 然而在D-InSAR處理過程中,該技術受到大氣效應和失相關等因素的制約,大大影響了監(jiān)測結果的精度和應用范圍的推廣。雖然隨著D-InSAR技術的發(fā)展,在去除大氣效應等領域取得了不少研究成果,但仍有一些因素制約了該技術的運用。因此,本文主要基于當前在D-InSAR約束條件分析方面的研究尚少的現狀,深入地探討影響D-InSAR形變監(jiān)測的幾個關鍵因素,結合模擬數據和真實數據論述D-InSAR技術的干涉條件,得到的結論將有助于建立更加完善的干涉限制數學模型和研究感興趣區(qū)域時的數據選擇及參數配置,并為未來研制新型SAR系統的干涉成像參數設計和干涉成像任務規(guī)劃提供了科學依據。本文的研究內容主要分為以下幾個方面： (1)量化分析了與SAR系統參數相關的幾個分量(比如入射角、波長、影像分辨率、系統帶寬)對實際觀測的影響,并對不同SAR系統的形變監(jiān)測能力進行了對比；明確給出了各個SAR系統的臨界坡度范圍及監(jiān)測盲區(qū)；提出了新的形變梯度模型,引入了新參數入射角；證明了植被覆蓋區(qū),相干性分解需要考慮體散射分量；并對不同類型觀測區(qū)適合的數據類型給出了具體的建議。 (2)驗證了本文分析的干涉約束條件。通過大量模擬數據和真實數據,有針對性的進行檢驗。其中,用模擬數據驗證了形變梯度、SAR幾何成像特性和實際應用中所受到的各種約束限制條件,用三峽地區(qū)的ENVISAT ASAR和TerraSAR-X數據分析了相干性。 (3)提出了精確提取時間去相關分量的融合方法。即改進了自適應區(qū)域增長算法(IDAN)用于提取精確的相干系數；并利用最小二乘擬合去除估計量偏差,得到相干性的無偏估計；引入了相干性分解技術在最大程度上穩(wěn)健地分解相干值,得到精確的時間去相關分量。 (4)驗證了本文提出的提取時間去相關分量融合算法的有效性。理論上來說,新方法能夠更好地反映出時間與時間去相關分量之間的函數關系,可得到穩(wěn)健可靠相干性估計結果,因此本文通過ENVISAT ASAR數據集對新方法和常規(guī)方法進行對比實驗,證明了實際應用中新的融合算法可以更好地對InSAR相干性進行估計。 (5)給出了一個根據D-InSAR干涉條件分析開展形變監(jiān)測工作的實例。由于南極冰川對全球變化有著重要意義,冰流速提取是南極冰川監(jiān)測的重要方向之一。而冰流場屬于地表快速運動區(qū)域,針對這種類型的實驗區(qū),可采用L波段的數據進行監(jiān)測。因此,本文選取了南極格羅夫山區(qū)的ALOS/PALSAR數據提取二維水平冰流速場。由于單軌SAR數據只能提供一個方向上的流速,因此我們采用D-InSAR技術探測地距向流速,Offset-tracking技術探測方位向流速,合成了該實驗區(qū)的二維水平冰流速場,并與NASA/JPL發(fā)布的全南極冰流速和GPS實地測量結果進行交叉驗證。該實驗采用了D-InSAR干涉條件分析給出的數據選擇建議,證明快速運動區(qū)域的形變監(jiān)測使用L波段數據是非常有效的。
[Abstract]:Since the 1960s, the ability of the radar interferometry (InSAR) to obtain the three-dimensional information of high-precision space has been proved, and the D-InSAR technology developed on the basis of its development has become one of the most powerful means to measure the elevation of the terrain and the surface deformation. The surface deformation is a threat to the human living environment, and the monitoring of the surface deformation has caused the attention of the governments. The occurrence of InSAR/ D-InSAR technology has overcome the limitation of the traditional means of artificial leveling, GPS technology and optical remote sensing to obtain the deformation information, and the micro-deformation of the ground is monitored with large area, low cost and high efficiency, and the monitoring precision can reach the millimeter level. In the process of D-InSAR, however, the technology is restricted by the factors such as atmospheric effect and distortion, which greatly influences the accuracy and application range of the monitoring results. However, with the development of D-InSAR technology, many research achievements have been made in the field of removing atmospheric effect, but there are still some factors that restrict the transportation of the technology. In this paper, based on the current research of D-InSAR constraint analysis, the paper discusses several key factors that affect the D-InSAR deformation monitoring, and discusses the interference strip of D-InSAR technology in combination with the simulation data and the real data. The conclusions of this paper will help to establish a more perfect mathematical model of interference and study the data selection and parameter configuration in the region of interest, and provide the scientific basis for the design and interference imaging task planning of the new SAR system in the future. The research contents of this paper are mainly divided into the following: Surface: (1) The effect of several components (such as incident angle, wavelength, image resolution, system bandwidth) related to the parameters of the SAR system on the actual observation is analyzed and analyzed, and the deformation monitoring capability of different SAR systems is carried out. The critical slope range and the monitoring dead zone of each SAR system are given. The new deformation gradient model is put forward, and the incident angle of the new parameter is introduced. The vegetation coverage area and the coherence decomposition are considered to be considered. and the data types suitable for different types of observation areas are given in detail. The recommendations of this article are verified (2). Constraints. Targeted at a large number of analog data and real data The simulation data is used to verify the deformation gradient, the geometric imaging characteristics of the SAR and the various constraints imposed in the practical application, and the ENVISAT ASSAR and TerraSAR-X data are used in the Three Gorges area. The coherence is analyzed. (3) The accurate extraction time is proposed. The invention provides a fusion method of components, namely, an adaptive region growth algorithm (IDAN) is improved for extracting an accurate coherence coefficient, and the estimation deviation is removed by a least two-by-one fit, so that an unbiased estimation of the coherence is obtained; and the coherence decomposition technology is introduced to a maximum degree, robust decomposition of the coherent values to obtain an accurate Time to correlation component. (4) The extraction time proposed in this paper is verified to be related. In theory, the new method can better reflect the function relation between time and time decorrelation component, and can get the result of robust and reliable coherence estimation. It is proved that the new fusion algorithm in the practical application can be better applied to the InS. AR coherence is estimated. (5) An analysis of the interference conditions based on D-InSAR is given. An example of deformation monitoring is carried out. Because the Antarctic ice is of great significance to global change, the extraction of ice flow rate is the antarctic The ice flow field is one of the important direction of the glacier monitoring, and the ice flow field belongs to the surface fast moving area, which can be used for the experimental area of this type. The data of L-band is used for monitoring. Therefore, the number of ALOS/ PALSAR in the Antarctic Grove Mountain area is selected. The two-dimensional horizontal ice flow field is extracted. Since the single-rail SAR data can only provide a flow rate in one direction, we use the D-InSAR technology to detect the directional flow velocity, the offset-tracking technique, and to synthesize the real-time flow velocity. Two-dimensional horizontal ice flow field for the test area and the full Antarctic ice flow rate and GPS real-time with NASA/ JPL The results are cross-validated. The results of the data selection based on the D-InSAR interferometry are used to demonstrate the use of the deformation monitoring in the fast moving area.
【學位授予單位】：武漢大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：P225.1

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