【摘要】：作為一門以計算機技術(shù)為核心的信息科學(xué)技術(shù)，GIS自誕生以來就成為眾多學(xué)者研究的難點和熱點問題，并廣泛應(yīng)用到社會的各個領(lǐng)域。目前，隨著信息技術(shù)的飛速發(fā)展和GIS在各行業(yè)中應(yīng)用的深入，人們對地理信息的關(guān)注、獲取和使用的要求越來越高，傳統(tǒng)二維GIS也越來越難滿足市場需求。三維GIS由于表達(dá)地理現(xiàn)象時真實感強、可以提供更多空間信息，受到市場高度的關(guān)注并迅速發(fā)展，目前在可視化領(lǐng)域取得巨大的進(jìn)步。盡管如此，目前的三維GIS在空間分析方面能力依然不足，尚不能稱之為真正的三維GIS，而且在相當(dāng)長的時間內(nèi)，，三維GIS也不會完全替代二維GIS。因此，二維GIS和三維GIS的結(jié)合便是大勢所趨。而如何高效的將這兩者結(jié)合，實現(xiàn)二、三維GIS一體化，充分發(fā)揮各自的優(yōu)勢來服務(wù)社會將成為GIS近期發(fā)展的主流方向。 本文圍繞二維GIS、三維GIS及其一體化理論展開并充分介紹了當(dāng)前國內(nèi)外二、三維GIS的發(fā)展與應(yīng)用情況。在總結(jié)現(xiàn)有二、三維GIS的優(yōu)勢和不足之后，以筆者所在校園為例，重點探討了結(jié)合SketchUp三維建模軟件和SuperMap Objects組件式GIS開發(fā)平臺如何構(gòu)建二、三維GIS一體化的數(shù)字化校園系統(tǒng)。本文主要內(nèi)容如下： 1.將常規(guī)的校園平面圖數(shù)據(jù)經(jīng)過配準(zhǔn)獲得準(zhǔn)確的位置坐標(biāo)，并以此為建筑物輪廓底圖進(jìn)行三維模型數(shù)據(jù)構(gòu)建，保證后期對三維模型進(jìn)行空間分析的精度。 2.對比了3款主流的三維建模軟件3DMAX、SketchUp和AutoCAD，并分析了它們的優(yōu)缺點。本文選擇SketchUp軟件對校園內(nèi)場景進(jìn)行三維建模，并拍攝照片作為模型的紋理。后期對模型進(jìn)行優(yōu)化，使系統(tǒng)運行更流暢。 3.利用SuperMap Objects二次開發(fā)平臺，基于C#的消息機制，實現(xiàn)二維窗口和三維窗口的互操作響應(yīng)，即二、三維聯(lián)動，進(jìn)而達(dá)到編輯和分析結(jié)果顯示的一體化，同時實現(xiàn)二、三維窗口的切換，初步實現(xiàn)了二、三維一體化。 4.基于C#+SuperMap objects，結(jié)合Google Map API等開發(fā)完成數(shù)字化三維校園系統(tǒng)，初步實現(xiàn)了二、三維GIS一體化的校園生活平臺。二、三維一體化可以很好的結(jié)合二維GIS和三維GIS的優(yōu)勢，很好的滿足了用戶對地理信息的需求。
[Abstract]:As a computer technology as the core of information science and technology, GIS has become a difficult and hot issue for many scholars since its birth, and has been widely used in various fields of society. At present, with the rapid development of information technology and the application of GIS in various industries, people pay more and more attention to geographic information, obtain and use it more and more, and traditional two-dimensional GIS is becoming more and more difficult to meet the market demand. 3D GIS can provide more spatial information because of its strong sense of reality in expressing geographical phenomena. It has been highly concerned by the market and developed rapidly. At present, it has made great progress in the field of visualization. However, the current 3D GIS is still inadequate in spatial analysis and cannot be called a true 3D GIS, nor will 3D GIS completely replace two-dimensional GIS. for quite a long time. Therefore, the combination of two-dimensional GIS and three-dimensional GIS is the trend of the times. How to combine the two efficiently, realize the integration of two and three dimensional GIS, and give full play to their advantages to serve the society will become the mainstream direction of the recent development of GIS. In this paper, the development and application of 2D GIS, 3D GIS and its integration theory are introduced. After summarizing the advantages and disadvantages of the existing two and three dimensional GIS, taking the campus of the author as an example, this paper mainly discusses how to construct the digital campus system with the combination of SketchUp 3D modeling software and SuperMap Objects component GIS development platform. The main contents of this paper are as follows: 1. The conventional campus plan data are registered to obtain the exact position coordinates, and the 3D model data are constructed for the building contour base map to ensure the accuracy of spatial analysis of the 3D model in the later stage. 2. Three popular 3D modeling software 3DMAXX SketchUp and AutoCAD, are compared and their advantages and disadvantages are analyzed. In this paper, SketchUp software is chosen to model the campus scene and take photos as the texture of the model. The model is optimized to make the system run more smoothly. 3. Using the SuperMap Objects secondary development platform, based on the message mechanism of C #, the interoperation response of two and three dimensional windows is realized, that is, two and three dimensional linkage, and then the integration of editing and analysis results display is achieved, at the same time, the integration of two, and three dimensional windows is realized. Three-dimensional window switching, the initial realization of two-dimensional integration. 4. Based on C # SuperMap objects, and Google Map API, the digitized 3D campus system is developed, and the two and three dimensional GIS integrated campus life platform is preliminarily realized. Second, 3D integration can well combine the advantages of 2D GIS and 3D GIS, and meet the needs of users for geographic information.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：P208

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