【摘要】：地形三維可視化常常能夠為遙感地學應用中的目視解譯提供更加優(yōu)秀的可視環(huán)境,更便于解譯人員進行地學目標的識別和判讀。但目前地形三維可視化軟件都存在這樣一個缺陷——無法在虛擬三維可視環(huán)境中交互的進行三維矢量數(shù)據(jù)的編輯提取。基于虛擬三維地形環(huán)境下進行的目視解譯結果便無法以數(shù)字化的形式提取時出來,而無法進行地學知識的共享、傳播、和進一步的知識探析。而目前GIS領域其他常用于三維矢量數(shù)據(jù)采集的方法,如地面測量、GPS以及數(shù)字攝影測量,或因效率問題、或因費用、儀器設備等問題,難以滿足地學領域?qū)θS矢量獲取采集的需求。 在地學應用領域,三維矢量數(shù)據(jù)通常具有特定的地學意義,這需要一種新的三維矢量數(shù)據(jù)獲取方法,宏觀上為地學專家提供直觀逼真的三維可視效果,同時能夠方便靈活的進行矢量數(shù)據(jù)的交互采集和分析�；诖�,本文提出一種基于虛擬三維地形表面的交互矢量化方法,能夠在DEM的三維可視化環(huán)境的基礎上,利用普通的二維鼠標交互地采集三維矢量數(shù)據(jù)。 首先,本文對地表三維矢量化的基礎理論,如概念、特點、相關技術,數(shù)據(jù)模型,矢量化流程等做了較系統(tǒng)的分析和總結,建立地表三維矢量化技術的較系統(tǒng)的理論體系,使我們對地表三維矢量化有了更深入的認識,同時對接下來的具體方法設計提供了指導。 從兩個不同的層次對地表三維矢量化的實現(xiàn)方法進行了設計。首先是三維地表交互矢量化基礎環(huán)境的構建方法,包含原始數(shù)據(jù)預處理的內(nèi)容與方法、地形三維可視化方法以及三維圖形基本操作的方法。然后是具體的交互矢量化方法的設計,包括顯示界面與交互方法的設計、數(shù)據(jù)管理形式的設計以及不同數(shù)據(jù)模型的采集流程與生成算法的設計。 最后,依據(jù)本文對于三維地表矢量化方法的設計,基于IDL開發(fā)了一個簡單的三維地表矢量化工具,基本實現(xiàn)了第三章和第四章所論述的方法,并將其應用于地質(zhì)斷層解譯,取得了較理性的效果,本文方法的可行性和實用性。
[Abstract]:Terrain 3D visualization can often provide a more excellent visual environment for the visual interpretation of remote sensing geosciences, and it is more convenient for interpreters to recognize and interpret geoscientific targets. However, there is such a defect in the 3D terrain visualization software that it is impossible to edit and extract the 3D vector data in the virtual 3D visual environment. The results of visual interpretation based on virtual 3D terrain environment can not be extracted in the form of digitization, but can not be shared, disseminated, and further analyzed by geoscientific knowledge. At present, other methods in the field of GIS, such as ground measurement, GPS and digital photogrammetry, are often used in the field of 3D vector data acquisition, either because of efficiency problems, or because of costs, instruments and equipment, etc. It is difficult to meet the need of 3D vector acquisition in geoscience field. In the field of geoscience application, 3D vector data usually has a special geoscientific meaning, which requires a new method of 3D vector data acquisition, which provides a visual and realistic 3D visual effect for geoscientists. At the same time, it is convenient and flexible to collect and analyze vector data interactively. Based on this, this paper presents an interactive vectorization method based on virtual 3D terrain surface, which can collect 3D vector data interactively with common two-dimensional mouse on the basis of 3D visualization environment of DEM. First of all, the basic theory of surface 3D vectorization, such as concept, characteristics, correlation technology, data model, vectorization process and so on, is systematically analyzed and summarized in this paper, and a more systematic theoretical system of surface 3D vectorization technology is established. So that we have a deeper understanding of surface three-dimensional vectorization, and provide guidance for the design of the following specific methods. The realization method of surface three-dimensional vectorization is designed from two different levels. Firstly, the method of constructing the basic environment of 3D surface interaction vectorization includes the contents and methods of raw data preprocessing, the method of terrain 3D visualization and the method of basic operation of 3D graphics. Then the design of the specific interactive vectorization method, including the design of display interface and interactive method, the design of data management form, the collection flow of different data models and the design of generating algorithm. Finally, according to the design of 3D surface vectorization method in this paper, a simple 3D surface vectorization tool based on IDL is developed. The methods discussed in Chapter 3 and Chapter 4 are basically realized and applied to the interpretation of geological faults. A rational effect has been obtained, and the feasibility and practicability of the method in this paper.
【學位授予單位】：首都師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：P237

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