跨平臺(tái)嵌入式地理信息系統(tǒng)關(guān)鍵技術(shù)研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-11-27 12:46
【摘要】：嵌入式GIS作為當(dāng)今GIS領(lǐng)域研究的一個(gè)重要方向,具有廣闊的應(yīng)用前景。但由于受到嵌入式環(huán)境平臺(tái)多樣性和資源有限性的影響,大多數(shù)嵌入式GIS都是針對(duì)具體的嵌入式軟硬件環(huán)境進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì),功能相對(duì)簡(jiǎn)單,無(wú)法實(shí)現(xiàn)軟件的跨平臺(tái)應(yīng)用。本文主要針對(duì)上述問(wèn)題,著重研究嵌入式GIS跨平臺(tái)的實(shí)現(xiàn)方法,并以此為基礎(chǔ),研究嵌入式GIS實(shí)現(xiàn)過(guò)程中的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)。主要研究?jī)?nèi)容如下:1.分析了嵌入式GIS的研究背景、相關(guān)理論與技術(shù)現(xiàn)狀。闡明了嵌入式GIS的研究背景與意義,總結(jié)了嵌入式GIS特點(diǎn)、與桌面GIS的技術(shù)差異及其相關(guān)的實(shí)現(xiàn)技術(shù)與方法,詳細(xì)分析了嵌入式GIS國(guó)內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀和發(fā)展趨勢(shì),并指出了其中存在的主要問(wèn)題。2.對(duì)嵌入式GIS跨平臺(tái)的相關(guān)技術(shù)進(jìn)行了深入研究,并在此基礎(chǔ)上設(shè)計(jì)了跨平臺(tái)嵌入式GIS的體系結(jié)構(gòu)。該體系結(jié)構(gòu)按照層次化結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì),在底層硬件平臺(tái)和操作系統(tǒng)之上增加了GIS應(yīng)用中間件平臺(tái),使得GIS軟件的開發(fā)不再依賴于具體的運(yùn)行環(huán)境,具有跨平臺(tái)的特性。在GIS應(yīng)用中間件平臺(tái)上設(shè)計(jì)了GIS功能組件層,提出將嵌入式GIS的各項(xiàng)功能封裝設(shè)計(jì)為可重用的GIS功能組件,從而提高軟件代碼的復(fù)用性。3.設(shè)計(jì)了嵌入式GIS應(yīng)用中間件—EGIS_MW平臺(tái)。EGIS_MW平臺(tái)的體系結(jié)構(gòu)分為系統(tǒng)抽象層和GIS服務(wù)框架層。其中系統(tǒng)抽象層設(shè)計(jì)了操作系統(tǒng)適配器EGIS_OSAdapter類和圖形繪制接口EGIS_OSDrawlnterface類,并將圖形繪制功能封裝于EGIS_OSAdapter類中,通過(guò)其對(duì)外提供GIS應(yīng)用所需要的各種操作系統(tǒng)服務(wù)的統(tǒng)一接口。GIS服務(wù)框架層是以系統(tǒng)抽象層為基礎(chǔ),針對(duì)嵌入式系統(tǒng)的特點(diǎn),設(shè)計(jì)了適合嵌入式GIS應(yīng)用的GUI窗口系統(tǒng)、擴(kuò)展圖形接口、文件處理接口和定點(diǎn)計(jì)算接口。在GIS服務(wù)框架層中,GUI窗口系統(tǒng)采用面向?qū)ο蠓绞竭M(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì),將窗口和常用的控件封裝成類,通過(guò)觀察者模式來(lái)管理消息傳遞;擴(kuò)展圖形接口主要是對(duì)系統(tǒng)抽象層中的點(diǎn)、線、面和文本的圖形繪制接口進(jìn)行擴(kuò)展,設(shè)計(jì)了更為豐富的圖形繪制接口;跨平臺(tái)文件處理接口主要是利用EGIS_File類進(jìn)行文件操作,在文件讀取時(shí)自動(dòng)將地理空間數(shù)據(jù)的字節(jié)序轉(zhuǎn)換為本機(jī)字節(jié)序,實(shí)現(xiàn)跨平臺(tái)的文件讀取;定點(diǎn)計(jì)算接口主要是通過(guò)EGIS_FixedCalculate類將浮點(diǎn)運(yùn)算轉(zhuǎn)換為定點(diǎn)運(yùn)算,從而大大提高了嵌入式GIS分析應(yīng)用的實(shí)時(shí)性。4.研究了嵌入式GIS跨平臺(tái)地圖顯示技術(shù)。對(duì)電子地圖的特點(diǎn)和地圖顯示的平臺(tái)相關(guān)性進(jìn)行了分析研究,在此基礎(chǔ)上,總結(jié)出在嵌入式環(huán)境下進(jìn)行地圖顯示必須解決跨平臺(tái)與高效顯示兩個(gè)方面問(wèn)題;設(shè)計(jì)了基于EGIS_MW平臺(tái)的地圖顯示引擎體系結(jié)構(gòu),并在此基礎(chǔ)上實(shí)現(xiàn)了跨平臺(tái)的地圖顯示符號(hào)庫(kù),從而使地圖顯示引擎具有完全的平臺(tái)無(wú)關(guān)性;設(shè)計(jì)了適應(yīng)于嵌入式環(huán)境多尺度表達(dá)的多源數(shù)據(jù)混合組織模型,并針對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)組織模型建立了地理空間數(shù)據(jù)的多級(jí)混合索引;設(shè)計(jì)了適應(yīng)于嵌入式GIS地圖顯示的基于多緩存的并行調(diào)度顯示算法,并通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證了算法以及數(shù)據(jù)組織模型的高效性。5.研究了嵌入式GIS中的路徑規(guī)劃技術(shù)。分析了嵌入式GIS路徑規(guī)劃的特點(diǎn),從而得到嵌入式環(huán)境下路徑規(guī)劃模塊的設(shè)計(jì)原則;設(shè)計(jì)了滿足嵌入式GIS路徑規(guī)劃跨平臺(tái)應(yīng)用的基于EGIS_MW平臺(tái)的體系結(jié)構(gòu),在該體系結(jié)構(gòu)中,主要是基于EGIS_MW平臺(tái)提供的文件接口和定點(diǎn)計(jì)算接口進(jìn)行路徑規(guī)劃模塊的設(shè)計(jì);研究并設(shè)計(jì)了路網(wǎng)數(shù)據(jù)的物理存儲(chǔ)和內(nèi)存組織結(jié)構(gòu),對(duì)于路網(wǎng)數(shù)據(jù)的物理存儲(chǔ)采用適應(yīng)于嵌入式環(huán)境多尺度表達(dá)的多源數(shù)據(jù)混合組織模型進(jìn)行組織和存儲(chǔ),對(duì)于路徑計(jì)算時(shí)內(nèi)存中路網(wǎng)數(shù)據(jù)的組織按照前向關(guān)聯(lián)邊結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行存儲(chǔ);提出了滿足實(shí)時(shí)導(dǎo)航應(yīng)用的基于轉(zhuǎn)換路網(wǎng)的分層搜索A*算法,通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證了算法能夠識(shí)別并處理各種交通管制信息以及交叉口延誤的影響,并且具有很高的運(yùn)算效率,能夠完全滿足嵌入式GIS實(shí)時(shí)導(dǎo)航的應(yīng)用需求。本文的研究成果已經(jīng)在筆者開發(fā)的多個(gè)具有不同軟硬件環(huán)境的嵌入式GIS中得到了應(yīng)用,實(shí)際應(yīng)用表明:基于本文的研究成果可以快速實(shí)現(xiàn)滿足實(shí)用要求的跨平臺(tái)嵌入式GIS應(yīng)用軟件,對(duì)于促進(jìn)嵌入式GIS快速移植與擴(kuò)展應(yīng)用具有重要的理論意義和實(shí)用價(jià)值。
[Abstract]:The embedded GIS is an important direction in the field of GIS, and has a wide application prospect. However, due to the diversity of the embedded environment and the limitation of resources, most embedded GIS is designed for the specific embedded software and hardware environment, and the function is relatively simple, and the cross-platform application of the software cannot be realized. Based on the above-mentioned problems, this paper focuses on the implementation of the embedded GIS platform, and based on this, the key technology in the implementation of the embedded GIS is studied. The main content of the study is as follows: 1. The research background, relevant theory and technology status of the embedded GIS are analyzed. This paper expounds the research background and significance of the embedded GIS, summarizes the characteristics of the embedded GIS, the technical differences with the desktop GIS and the related implementation techniques and methods, and analyzes the present situation and the development trend of the embedded GIS at home and abroad, and points out the main problems. In this paper, the cross-platform technology of embedded GIS is deeply studied, and the architecture of cross-platform embedded GIS is designed. The architecture is designed according to the hierarchical structure, and the GIS application middleware platform is added on the bottom hardware platform and the operating system, so that the development of the GIS software is no longer dependent on the specific operating environment and has the characteristics of cross-platform. The GIS function component layer is designed on the GIS application middleware platform, and the function package of the embedded GIS is designed as a reusable GIS function component, so that the reusability of the software code is improved. The embedded GIS application middleware and EEGIS _ MW platform are designed. The architecture of the EGIS _ MW platform is divided into the system abstraction layer and the GIS service framework layer. The system abstraction layer is designed with the EDIS _ OSAdapter class and the drawing interface EGIS _ OSDrawlnterface class of the operating system adapter, and the graphics rendering function is encapsulated in the EGIS _ OSAdapter class, and the unified interface of the various operating system services required by the GIS application is provided through the system abstraction layer. The GIS service framework layer is based on the system abstraction layer, and designs the GUI window system, the extended graphic interface, the file processing interface and the fixed point calculation interface which are suitable for the embedded GIS application based on the characteristics of the embedded system. in the GIS service framework layer, the GUI window system is designed by adopting an object-oriented mode, the window and the common control are encapsulated into classes, and the message passing is managed through the observer mode; and the extended graphics interface is mainly a point and a line in the system abstraction layer, the cross-platform file processing interface is mainly used for file operation by using the EGIS _ File class, and the byte order of the geospatial data is automatically converted into the byte order of the machine when the file is read, and the fixed point calculation interface is mainly used for converting the floating point operation into a fixed point operation through the EGIS _ FixedCalculation class, so that the real-time property of the embedded GIS analysis application is greatly improved. The cross-platform map display technology of embedded GIS is studied. Based on the analysis of the characteristics of the electronic map and the platform dependence of the map display, the two aspects of cross-platform and high-efficiency display of the map display in the embedded environment are summarized, and the architecture of the map display engine based on the EGIS _ MW platform is designed. on the basis of which, a cross-platform map display symbol library is realized, so that the map display engine has full platform independence; and a multi-source data mixed organization model suitable for multi-scale expression of the embedded environment is designed, and a multi-level mixed index of the geospatial data is established for the data organization model, a parallel scheduling display algorithm based on the multi-cache is designed for displaying the embedded GIS map, and the high efficiency of the algorithm and the data organization model is verified through experiments. The path planning technology in embedded GIS is studied. The characteristics of the embedded GIS path planning are analyzed, the design principle of the path planning module under the embedded environment is obtained, the architecture of the EGIS _ MW platform based on the embedded GIS path planning and cross-platform application is designed, The design of the path planning module is mainly based on the file interface and the fixed-point calculation interface provided by the EGIS _ MW platform, and the physical storage and the memory organization structure of the road network data are researched and designed, the physical storage of the road network data is organized and stored by adopting a multi-source data mixed organization model which is suitable for multi-scale expression of the embedded environment, and the organization of the road network data in the memory is stored according to the front related edge structure for the path calculation; A hierarchical search A * algorithm for real-time navigation applications is presented, which can identify and process various traffic control information and the influence of intersection delay, and have a high operational efficiency. and the application requirement of the embedded GIS real-time navigation can be fully met. The research results of this paper have been applied in a number of embedded GIS with different hardware and software environments, and the practical application shows that the application software of the cross-platform embedded GIS which can meet the practical requirements can be quickly realized based on the research results of this paper. It is of great theoretical and practical value to promote the application of embedded GIS.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：解放軍信息工程大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：P208
本文編號(hào)：2360827
[Abstract]:The embedded GIS is an important direction in the field of GIS, and has a wide application prospect. However, due to the diversity of the embedded environment and the limitation of resources, most embedded GIS is designed for the specific embedded software and hardware environment, and the function is relatively simple, and the cross-platform application of the software cannot be realized. Based on the above-mentioned problems, this paper focuses on the implementation of the embedded GIS platform, and based on this, the key technology in the implementation of the embedded GIS is studied. The main content of the study is as follows: 1. The research background, relevant theory and technology status of the embedded GIS are analyzed. This paper expounds the research background and significance of the embedded GIS, summarizes the characteristics of the embedded GIS, the technical differences with the desktop GIS and the related implementation techniques and methods, and analyzes the present situation and the development trend of the embedded GIS at home and abroad, and points out the main problems. In this paper, the cross-platform technology of embedded GIS is deeply studied, and the architecture of cross-platform embedded GIS is designed. The architecture is designed according to the hierarchical structure, and the GIS application middleware platform is added on the bottom hardware platform and the operating system, so that the development of the GIS software is no longer dependent on the specific operating environment and has the characteristics of cross-platform. The GIS function component layer is designed on the GIS application middleware platform, and the function package of the embedded GIS is designed as a reusable GIS function component, so that the reusability of the software code is improved. The embedded GIS application middleware and EEGIS _ MW platform are designed. The architecture of the EGIS _ MW platform is divided into the system abstraction layer and the GIS service framework layer. The system abstraction layer is designed with the EDIS _ OSAdapter class and the drawing interface EGIS _ OSDrawlnterface class of the operating system adapter, and the graphics rendering function is encapsulated in the EGIS _ OSAdapter class, and the unified interface of the various operating system services required by the GIS application is provided through the system abstraction layer. The GIS service framework layer is based on the system abstraction layer, and designs the GUI window system, the extended graphic interface, the file processing interface and the fixed point calculation interface which are suitable for the embedded GIS application based on the characteristics of the embedded system. in the GIS service framework layer, the GUI window system is designed by adopting an object-oriented mode, the window and the common control are encapsulated into classes, and the message passing is managed through the observer mode; and the extended graphics interface is mainly a point and a line in the system abstraction layer, the cross-platform file processing interface is mainly used for file operation by using the EGIS _ File class, and the byte order of the geospatial data is automatically converted into the byte order of the machine when the file is read, and the fixed point calculation interface is mainly used for converting the floating point operation into a fixed point operation through the EGIS _ FixedCalculation class, so that the real-time property of the embedded GIS analysis application is greatly improved. The cross-platform map display technology of embedded GIS is studied. Based on the analysis of the characteristics of the electronic map and the platform dependence of the map display, the two aspects of cross-platform and high-efficiency display of the map display in the embedded environment are summarized, and the architecture of the map display engine based on the EGIS _ MW platform is designed. on the basis of which, a cross-platform map display symbol library is realized, so that the map display engine has full platform independence; and a multi-source data mixed organization model suitable for multi-scale expression of the embedded environment is designed, and a multi-level mixed index of the geospatial data is established for the data organization model, a parallel scheduling display algorithm based on the multi-cache is designed for displaying the embedded GIS map, and the high efficiency of the algorithm and the data organization model is verified through experiments. The path planning technology in embedded GIS is studied. The characteristics of the embedded GIS path planning are analyzed, the design principle of the path planning module under the embedded environment is obtained, the architecture of the EGIS _ MW platform based on the embedded GIS path planning and cross-platform application is designed, The design of the path planning module is mainly based on the file interface and the fixed-point calculation interface provided by the EGIS _ MW platform, and the physical storage and the memory organization structure of the road network data are researched and designed, the physical storage of the road network data is organized and stored by adopting a multi-source data mixed organization model which is suitable for multi-scale expression of the embedded environment, and the organization of the road network data in the memory is stored according to the front related edge structure for the path calculation; A hierarchical search A * algorithm for real-time navigation applications is presented, which can identify and process various traffic control information and the influence of intersection delay, and have a high operational efficiency. and the application requirement of the embedded GIS real-time navigation can be fully met. The research results of this paper have been applied in a number of embedded GIS with different hardware and software environments, and the practical application shows that the application software of the cross-platform embedded GIS which can meet the practical requirements can be quickly realized based on the research results of this paper. It is of great theoretical and practical value to promote the application of embedded GIS.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：解放軍信息工程大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：P208
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