【摘要】：空間數(shù)據(jù)現(xiàn)勢性問題日益突出，已經(jīng)引起了廣大用戶和政府部門的高度關(guān)注。因此，空間數(shù)據(jù)更新已經(jīng)逐漸成為空間數(shù)據(jù)生產(chǎn)部門的主要任務(wù)。為了實(shí)現(xiàn)實(shí)時(shí)快速更新，最大限度的滿足人們對空間數(shù)據(jù)現(xiàn)勢性的需求，增量式空間數(shù)據(jù)庫更新方法已成為當(dāng)前空間數(shù)據(jù)更新研究的熱點(diǎn)。變化信息提取與表達(dá)作為其中的一項(xiàng)關(guān)鍵環(huán)節(jié)，其效率和自動(dòng)化程度比較低，還難于滿足當(dāng)前空間數(shù)據(jù)更新的需求。 鑒于此，針對空間數(shù)據(jù)更新應(yīng)用需求和國際學(xué)術(shù)前沿理論和技術(shù)問題，在總結(jié)前人研究工作的基礎(chǔ)上，本文探討了空間數(shù)據(jù)更新中居民地變化信息提取與表達(dá)理論與方法。概括起來，，本文主要研究內(nèi)容及創(chuàng)新點(diǎn)體現(xiàn)在以下5個(gè)方面： 1.圖形數(shù)據(jù)差分類與判斷研究。為了滿足空間數(shù)據(jù)更新對“差”的需求，提出了圖形數(shù)據(jù)差的概念。在圖形數(shù)據(jù)差基本概念的基礎(chǔ)上將圖形數(shù)據(jù)差劃分為8種基本圖形數(shù)據(jù)差類型，提出了基于實(shí)體匹配、實(shí)體圖形維數(shù)以及圖形求交的圖形數(shù)據(jù)差類型三級判斷方法，并給出了圖形數(shù)據(jù)差的形式化表達(dá)模型； 2.居民地匹配算法研究。在總結(jié)分析了當(dāng)前居民地要素同名實(shí)體匹配方法的基礎(chǔ)上，完成對現(xiàn)有匹配方法的改進(jìn)。并結(jié)合力與面狀居民地之間的關(guān)系，提出了基于力圖投影的面狀居民地匹配算法； 3.空間變化分類與判斷研究。分析發(fā)現(xiàn)當(dāng)前空間變化分類方法只是針對單一地理實(shí)體，不足以描述多地理實(shí)體的空間變化，且現(xiàn)實(shí)中有些地理實(shí)體的變化是由多個(gè)空間變化類型共同作用得到的結(jié)果。因此，基于影響居民地實(shí)體個(gè)數(shù)以及變化的復(fù)雜程度，將空間變化劃分為15種空間變化類型，并設(shè)計(jì)了空間變化類型的判斷方法； 4.變化信息表達(dá)模型研究。在現(xiàn)有研究的基礎(chǔ)上提出了基于空間變化、動(dòng)態(tài)更新操作和圖形數(shù)據(jù)差的居民地要素變化信息表達(dá)模型，通過建立三者之間的映射關(guān)系，建立了變化信息類型判斷規(guī)則庫，實(shí)現(xiàn)了變化信息的分類，并給出了各種變化信息類型的形式化表達(dá)； 5.實(shí)現(xiàn)了居民地變化信息提取與表達(dá)原型實(shí)驗(yàn)系統(tǒng)。以同一尺度、不同時(shí)期的居民地要素?cái)?shù)據(jù)作為實(shí)驗(yàn)對象，初步實(shí)現(xiàn)了對居民地變化信息提取與表達(dá)，驗(yàn)證所提出理論與方法的可行性。
[Abstract]:The problem of spatial data is becoming more and more prominent, which has attracted the attention of users and government departments. Therefore, spatial data updating has gradually become the main task of spatial data production department. In order to realize real-time and rapid updating and to meet the needs of spatial data to the greatest extent, incremental spatial database updating method has become a hot spot in the research of spatial data updating. As one of the key links, the extraction and representation of change information is of low efficiency and automation, and it is difficult to meet the needs of the current spatial data updating. In view of this, in view of the application demand of spatial data updating and the international academic frontier theory and technical problems, this paper discusses the theory and method of extracting and expressing the information of residential land change in spatial data updating on the basis of summarizing the previous research work. To sum up, the main contents and innovations of this paper are reflected in the following five aspects: 1. Research on Classification and judgment of graphic data difference. In order to meet the demand of spatial data updating, the concept of graphic data difference is put forward. On the basis of the basic concept of graphic data difference, the graphic data difference is divided into eight basic graphic data difference types, and a three-level judgment method based on entity matching, solid graphic dimension and graph intersection is proposed. A formal representation model of graph data difference is given. 2. Research on resident ground matching algorithm. On the basis of summing up and analyzing the current matching methods of the same name entities of the residential elements, the improvement of the existing matching methods is completed. Based on the relationship between the binding force and the land area, an algorithm based on trying to project is proposed to match the area resident land. 3. Research on Spatial change Classification and judgment. It is found that the current classification method of spatial change is only for a single geographical entity, which is not enough to describe the spatial change of multiple geographic entities, and some of the changes of geographical entities in reality are the result of the joint action of multiple spatial change types. Therefore, based on the number and complexity of the changes, the spatial changes are divided into 15 types of spatial changes, and a method to judge the types of spatial changes is designed. 4. Research on expression Model of change Information. On the basis of the existing research, this paper puts forward the expression model of the change information of residents' land elements based on spatial change, dynamic update operation and poor graphic data. By establishing the mapping relationship among the three, the rule base for judging the type of change information is established. The classification of change information is realized, and the formal representation of all kinds of change information types is given. 5. A prototype experimental system for extracting and expressing the information of residential change is implemented. Taking the data of residents' land elements at the same scale and different periods as the experimental object, the extraction and expression of the change information of the residents' land are realized preliminarily, and the feasibility of the proposed theory and method is verified.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：解放軍信息工程大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：P208

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