【摘要】：我國是世界上地質(zhì)災(zāi)害最發(fā)育、危害最嚴(yán)重的國家之一，地質(zhì)災(zāi)害種類繁多，分布廣泛，活動頻繁，危害嚴(yán)重。近年來隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)的快速發(fā)展，自然資源被索取程度逐步加重，加之人類不合理工程活動的劇烈影響，地質(zhì)災(zāi)害頻繁發(fā)生，不僅使社會經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展受阻，而且也威脅到人民的生命財產(chǎn)安全。因此，及時有效地進(jìn)行防災(zāi)減災(zāi)已成為當(dāng)今社會關(guān)乎民生的重要工作。地質(zhì)災(zāi)害易發(fā)性評價是地質(zhì)災(zāi)害調(diào)查與評價的一項(xiàng)重要任務(wù)，合理開展此項(xiàng)研究，可為防災(zāi)減災(zāi)工作提供有效的科學(xué)依據(jù)。 本文選取西藏自治區(qū)朗縣為研究對象，以研究E地質(zhì)災(zāi)害易發(fā)性評價為研究中心，針對其所處的地質(zhì)環(huán)境條件，通過對研究區(qū)的野外調(diào)查以及相關(guān)資料的室內(nèi)分析，總結(jié)出研究區(qū)地質(zhì)災(zāi)害的發(fā)育類規(guī)律、規(guī)模特征以及重要影響因素，同時針對地質(zhì)災(zāi)害的重要影響因素做相關(guān)性分析，得出研究區(qū)主要地質(zhì)災(zāi)害與各影響因素之間的相關(guān)關(guān)系。基于評價體系的構(gòu)建原則，選取對地質(zhì)災(zāi)害影響較為重要的因素作為評價因子，構(gòu)建地質(zhì)災(zāi)害易發(fā)性評價指標(biāo)體系；本文選用柵格單元做為評價單元，選取坡度、坡向、巖組類型、構(gòu)造影響距、月均降雨量以及發(fā)育點(diǎn)密度等六個影響因素作為評價指標(biāo)，構(gòu)建研究區(qū)地質(zhì)災(zāi)害易發(fā)性評價指標(biāo)體系。然后結(jié)合地理信息系統(tǒng)（G1S)技術(shù)，運(yùn)用基于GIS的相關(guān)評價模型——基于AHP的模糊綜合評價模型和基于信息熵的模糊綜合評價模型分別對研究區(qū)地質(zhì)災(zāi)害進(jìn)行易發(fā)性評價研究，實(shí)現(xiàn)研究區(qū)內(nèi)地質(zhì)災(zāi)害易發(fā)性評價的科學(xué)合理化；根據(jù)評價結(jié)果得出研究區(qū)易發(fā)性評價分區(qū)圖，進(jìn)而對研究區(qū)地質(zhì)災(zāi)害進(jìn)行易發(fā)性分區(qū)。最后，，基于己調(diào)查得知研究區(qū)地質(zhì)災(zāi)害分布圖，對以上兩種方法所得結(jié)果相比較，得出二者中與實(shí)際情況最相符的方法，進(jìn)而針對研究區(qū)實(shí)際地質(zhì)災(zāi)害情況，提出地質(zhì)災(zāi)害必要的防治措施。
[Abstract]:China is one of the countries with the most developed and serious geological hazards in the world. There are many kinds of geological disasters, wide distribution, frequent activities and serious harm. In recent years, with the rapid development of economy, the demand for natural resources has been gradually aggravated, in addition to the severe impact of human unreasonable engineering activities, geological disasters occur frequently, which not only hinder the social and economic development. It also threatens the safety of people's lives and property. Therefore, timely and effective disaster prevention and mitigation has become an important work related to people's livelihood. Geological hazard vulnerability assessment is an important task of geological hazard investigation and evaluation. Reasonable development of this study can provide an effective scientific basis for disaster prevention and mitigation. In this paper, Longxian County, Tibet Autonomous region, is selected as the research object, and the evaluation of the vulnerability of geological hazard E is taken as the research center. According to the geological environment conditions, the field investigation and the indoor analysis of the related data are carried out in the study area. The development law, scale characteristics and important influencing factors of geological disasters in the study area are summarized. At the same time, according to the correlation analysis of the important influencing factors of geological disasters, the correlation relationship between the main geological hazards and the influencing factors in the study area is obtained. Based on the construction principle of the evaluation system, the factors which are more important to the geological hazard are selected as the evaluation factors, and the evaluation index system of geological hazard vulnerability is constructed. In this paper, the raster unit is chosen as the evaluation unit, and six influencing factors, such as slope, slope direction, rock group type, tectonic influence distance, monthly average rainfall and development point density, are selected as evaluation indexes. To construct the evaluation index system of geological hazard vulnerability in the study area. Then combining with GIS (G1S) technology, using the relevant evaluation models based on GIS, the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model based on AHP and the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model based on information entropy, the vulnerability evaluation of geological hazards in the study area is studied respectively. To realize the scientific rationalization of geological hazard vulnerability assessment in the study area; According to the evaluation results, the susceptibility assessment zoning map of the study area is obtained, and the susceptibility zoning of geological hazards in the study area is carried out. Finally, based on the investigation, the geological hazard distribution map of the study area is obtained, and the results obtained from the above two methods are compared, and the methods that are most consistent with the actual situation are obtained, and then the actual geological hazard situation in the study area is pointed out. The necessary preventive measures for geological hazards are put forward.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：P208;P694

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