發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-11-24 11:16

【摘要】：進(jìn)入21世紀(jì)以來(lái)，因自然災(zāi)害尤其是地質(zhì)災(zāi)害造成人員傷亡及財(cái)產(chǎn)損失事件越來(lái)越頻繁，所以人類要從科學(xué)的意義上認(rèn)識(shí)這些災(zāi)害的發(fā)生、發(fā)展以盡可能減小它們所造成的危害，這已是國(guó)際社會(huì)的一個(gè)共同主題。本論文以甘肅省秦州區(qū)為研究對(duì)象，進(jìn)行了地質(zhì)災(zāi)害危險(xiǎn)性區(qū)劃研究。 本論文在充分搜集秦州區(qū)氣象水文、自然地理和區(qū)域地質(zhì)環(huán)境等資料的基礎(chǔ)上，結(jié)合地質(zhì)災(zāi)害點(diǎn)的實(shí)際調(diào)查資料，對(duì)秦州區(qū)地質(zhì)災(zāi)害的類型、發(fā)育特征及形成機(jī)理進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的分析，并以基于GIS的綜合評(píng)判法和模糊綜合評(píng)判法對(duì)秦州區(qū)進(jìn)行地質(zhì)災(zāi)害的危險(xiǎn)性區(qū)劃，得出秦州區(qū)的危險(xiǎn)性分區(qū)圖，并對(duì)兩種方法得出的結(jié)果進(jìn)行分析和對(duì)比。通過(guò)研究得出以下幾點(diǎn)認(rèn)識(shí)： （1）查明了秦州區(qū)地質(zhì)災(zāi)害的類型、分布規(guī)律、發(fā)育特征及形成條件。秦州區(qū)發(fā)育的地質(zhì)災(zāi)害類型主要包括滑坡、崩塌、泥石流與不穩(wěn)定斜坡；受地形條件、氣象水文條件及人類工程活動(dòng)的影響，研究區(qū)內(nèi)地質(zhì)災(zāi)害具有高中山區(qū)災(zāi)害少、低中山河谷區(qū)災(zāi)害發(fā)育集中以及各鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)分布極不均勻的特征；發(fā)育特征呈現(xiàn)出群發(fā)性、突發(fā)性和鏈生性。地質(zhì)災(zāi)害形成的條件包括地形條件、地層巖性、水文條件、地質(zhì)構(gòu)造和地震，誘發(fā)因素為降雨和人類工程活動(dòng)。 （2）采用三級(jí)評(píng)價(jià)體系，選取地質(zhì)災(zāi)害點(diǎn)密度、植被指數(shù)（NDVI）、地貌、水系、工程地質(zhì)巖組、降雨量和人類工程活動(dòng)共7個(gè)具體評(píng)價(jià)因子構(gòu)成秦州區(qū)地質(zhì)災(zāi)害的危險(xiǎn)性區(qū)劃評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)，并采用層次分析法確定各指標(biāo)的權(quán)重。 （3）利用基于GIS的綜合評(píng)判法，在ARCGIS平臺(tái)下，以秦州區(qū)1:100000比例尺數(shù)字地質(zhì)災(zāi)害防治規(guī)劃圖及地質(zhì)災(zāi)害詳細(xì)調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù)為依據(jù)，將利用DEM數(shù)據(jù)劃分出的斜坡單元作為評(píng)價(jià)單元，在提取7個(gè)評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)圖層的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行加權(quán)疊置分析，繪制出秦州區(qū)危險(xiǎn)性分區(qū)圖。 （4）利用模糊綜合評(píng)判法，以1km×lkm的規(guī)則網(wǎng)格單元作為評(píng)價(jià)單元，用梯形函數(shù)確定隸屬度，對(duì)各個(gè)指標(biāo)進(jìn)行危險(xiǎn)性等級(jí)劃分，采用模糊綜合評(píng)判法對(duì)提取的7個(gè)評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)圖層進(jìn)行計(jì)算，得出秦州區(qū)地質(zhì)災(zāi)害的危險(xiǎn)性分區(qū)圖。 （5）利用ARCGIS的重分類功能把秦州區(qū)劃分為地質(zhì)災(zāi)害高危險(xiǎn)性區(qū)域、中危險(xiǎn)性區(qū)域和低危險(xiǎn)性區(qū)域，通過(guò)對(duì)兩種區(qū)劃結(jié)果對(duì)比分析，得出兩種危險(xiǎn)性區(qū)劃方法的結(jié)果比較接近，且與實(shí)際地質(zhì)災(zāi)害的發(fā)生情況基本吻合。最后，，提出了秦州區(qū)地質(zhì)災(zāi)害的防治措施及建議。
[Abstract]:Since the beginning of the 21st century, the casualties and property losses caused by natural disasters, especially geological disasters, have become more and more frequent. Therefore, human beings should understand the occurrence of these disasters in a scientific sense. Development to minimize their harm has become a common theme for the international community. Taking Qinzhou District of Gansu Province as the research object, the geological hazard zoning is studied in this paper. On the basis of collecting the data of meteorology, hydrology, natural geography and regional geological environment in Qinzhou District, combined with the actual investigation data of geological hazard sites, the types of geological hazards in Qinzhou District are analyzed in this paper. The development characteristics and formation mechanism are analyzed in detail, and the hazard zoning of geological hazards in Qinzhou district is obtained by comprehensive evaluation method based on GIS and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method, and the hazard zoning map of Qinzhou district is obtained. The results obtained by the two methods are analyzed and compared. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the types, distribution, developmental characteristics and forming conditions of geological disasters in Qinzhou district are found out. The types of geological hazards developed in Qinzhou include landslide, collapse, debris flow and unstable slope. Under the influence of topography, meteorological and hydrological conditions and human engineering activities, the geological hazards in the study area are characterized by less disasters in high and middle mountain areas, concentrated disasters in low mountain valleys, and extremely uneven distribution of villages and towns. The developmental characteristics are group, sudden and chain. The conditions for the formation of geological hazards include topography, stratigraphic lithology, hydrological conditions, geological structures and earthquakes, and the induced factors are rainfall and human engineering activities. (2) adopting the three-level evaluation system, selecting the geological hazard point density, the vegetation index (NDVI), geomorphology, the water system, the engineering geological rock formation, There are seven evaluation factors including rainfall and human engineering activities, which constitute the evaluation index of geological hazard risk regionalization in Qinzhou district, and the weight of each index is determined by analytic hierarchy process (AHP). (3) based on the comprehensive evaluation method based on GIS, and based on the 1: 100000 scale digital geological hazard prevention planning map and detailed geological hazard investigation data of Qinzhou District under the ARCGIS platform, The slope unit which is divided by DEM data is used as the evaluation unit. On the basis of extracting seven evaluation index layers, the weighted overlay analysis is carried out, and the dangerous zoning map of Qinzhou district is drawn. (4) using fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method, taking 1km 脳 lkm regular grid unit as evaluation unit, using trapezoidal function to determine membership degree and dividing each index into dangerous grades. The fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method is used to calculate the seven evaluation index layers extracted and the hazard zoning map of geological hazards in Qinzhou district is obtained. (5) the Qinzhou district is divided into high risk area, middle risk area and low risk area by using the reclassification function of ARCGIS. Through the comparison and analysis of the two zoning results, it is concluded that the results of the two dangerous regionalization methods are close to each other. It is consistent with the actual occurrence of geological disasters. Finally, the prevention measures and suggestions of geological hazards in Qinzhou district are put forward.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：P694;P208

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