發(fā)布時間：2018-11-22 20:19

【摘要】：我國幅員遼闊，物產(chǎn)豐富，但近年來由于經(jīng)濟的高速發(fā)展，對自然資源的索取不斷加重，加之人類的各種不合理工程活動，導致地質(zhì)災害頻發(fā)。經(jīng)濟發(fā)展受到影響，人民的生命財產(chǎn)安全受到威脅。防災減災已成為一個關乎民生的重要工作。地質(zhì)災害易發(fā)性評價是一項基礎性工作，在國內(nèi)外均受到高度重視。做好此項基礎工作，可為制定防治對策、實施防治措施以及項目管理等提供科學依據(jù)。 鑒于以上情況，本論文以“吉林省敦化市地質(zhì)災害調(diào)查與區(qū)劃”的實際工作為依托，利用野外調(diào)查災害點的和收集的區(qū)域地質(zhì)環(huán)境數(shù)據(jù)，應用模糊綜合評判法對區(qū)域地質(zhì)災害易發(fā)程度進行定量化分析，使實際工作變得簡便、實用、合理。 首先，本文對敦化市的自然地理概況進行了介紹，對敦化市崩塌、泥石流等地質(zhì)災害的成因機制做了深刻分析，，討論了地理環(huán)境、地質(zhì)背景、氣候植被及人類工程活動等各類控制因子與災害本身的關系。再運用模糊綜合評判法，確定影響地質(zhì)災害易發(fā)性的主要地質(zhì)環(huán)境因素，建立區(qū)域地質(zhì)災害易發(fā)性評估的數(shù)學模型。 模糊綜合評判的評價集采用四級標準，把地質(zhì)災害易發(fā)程度劃分為不易發(fā)區(qū)、低易發(fā)區(qū)、中易發(fā)區(qū)，高易發(fā)區(qū)四類。評價因子為：地貌類型、地形坡度、多年平均降水量、植被覆蓋率、人類工程活動。選用模糊層次分析法來計算各評價因子的權重值。最后進行模糊綜合評判，計算最大隸屬度，評判計算單元所屬的易發(fā)程度級別。文中以隨機提取某一單元數(shù)據(jù)為例，具體說明了模糊綜合評判方法的計算過程。并在敦化市全區(qū)運用該方法，計算出每個綜合評判單元所屬的地質(zhì)災害易發(fā)程度，從而判斷了各單元所屬的易發(fā)性等級。 論文對兩種評價方法進行了對比分析。在地質(zhì)災害區(qū)域分布上，均能反映出敦化市地質(zhì)災害易發(fā)程度，所得結果基本相同，由于采用的評估方法及指標類型不同，使得部分區(qū)域地質(zhì)災害易發(fā)程度有一定的差別，但總體來說，兩種評價方法及所選取的評估指標體系都是有效和可靠的。通過與實際調(diào)查結果對比分析，模糊綜合評判的定量計算的結果與實際調(diào)查結果基本吻合。也證明了此方法的可行性、正確性與優(yōu)越性。
[Abstract]:Our country has a vast territory and abundant products, but in recent years, due to the rapid development of economy, the demand for natural resources has been increasing, and various unreasonable engineering activities of human beings have led to frequent geological disasters. Economic development is affected and the safety of people's lives and property is threatened. Disaster prevention and mitigation has become an important work related to people's livelihood. Geological hazard vulnerability assessment is a basic work, which is attached great importance at home and abroad. Doing this basic work well can provide scientific basis for making prevention countermeasures, implementing prevention measures and project management. In view of the above situation, based on the actual work of "Geological disaster Survey and regionalization in Dunhua City, Jilin Province", this paper makes use of the regional geological environment data collected and investigated in the field. The fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method is applied to the quantitative analysis of the vulnerability of regional geological hazards, which makes the practical work simple, practical and reasonable. First of all, this paper introduces the general situation of the natural geography of Dunhua City, makes a deep analysis of the formation mechanism of the geological disasters such as the collapse and debris flow in Dunhua City, and discusses the geographical environment and geological background. Relationship between climatic vegetation and human engineering activities and disasters themselves. Then the main geological environmental factors affecting the vulnerability of geological hazards are determined by using the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method and the mathematical model of regional geological hazard vulnerability assessment is established. The evaluation set of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation adopts four standards and divides the degree of geological hazard vulnerability into four categories: non-susceptible area, low susceptible area, middle susceptible area and high susceptible area. The evaluation factors are: landform type, topographic slope, annual average precipitation, vegetation coverage, and human engineering activities. Fuzzy Analytic hierarchy process (FAHP) is used to calculate the weight of each evaluation factor. Finally, the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation is carried out, the maximum membership degree is calculated, and the vulnerability level of the calculation unit is evaluated. Taking the random data extraction of a unit as an example, the calculation process of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method is explained in detail. By using this method in the whole district of Dunhua City, the degree of geological hazard vulnerability of each comprehensive evaluation unit is calculated, and the vulnerability grade of each unit is judged. Two evaluation methods are compared and analyzed in this paper. The regional distribution of geological hazards can reflect the vulnerability of geological hazards in Dunhua City, and the results are basically the same. Due to the different evaluation methods and index types, some regional geological hazards are vulnerable to some differences. But generally speaking, the two evaluation methods and the selected evaluation index system are effective and reliable. By comparing with the actual investigation results, the quantitative results of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation are in good agreement with the actual investigation results. The feasibility, correctness and superiority of this method are also proved.
【學位授予單位】：吉林大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：P694;P208

【參考文獻】

相關期刊論文 前10條

1 趙海卿,李廣杰,張哲寰;吉林省東部山區(qū)地質(zhì)災害危害性評價[J];吉林大學學報(地球科學版);2004年01期

2 孟凡奇;李廣杰;秦勝伍;汪茜;馬建全;;基于證據(jù)權法的泥石流危險度區(qū)劃[J];吉林大學學報(地球科學版);2010年06期

3 盧禮順,朱海軍;灰色模型在滑坡時間預測中的應用[J];東北水利水電;2001年10期

4 張業(yè)成,張春山,張梁;中國地質(zhì)災害系統(tǒng)層次分析與綜合災度計算[J];中國地質(zhì)科學院院報;1993年Z1期

5 石菊松,張永雙,董誠,吳樹仁;基于GIS技術的巴東新城區(qū)滑坡災害危險性區(qū)劃[J];地球?qū)W報;2005年03期

6 殷坤龍;陳麗霞;張桂榮;;區(qū)域滑坡災害預測預警與風險評價[J];地學前緣;2007年06期

7 戴福初,李軍;地理信息系統(tǒng)在滑坡災害研究中的應用[J];地質(zhì)科技情報;2000年01期

8 陳曉利;葉洪;程菊紅;;GIS技術在區(qū)域地震滑坡危險性預測中的應用——以龍陵地震滑坡為例[J];工程地質(zhì)學報;2006年03期

9 唐川,劉洪江,朱靜;泥石流扇形地危險性評價研究[J];干旱區(qū)地理;1997年03期

10 葉鳳珍,陳成全;廣西田林縣地質(zhì)災害易發(fā)程度分區(qū)與評價[J];廣西地質(zhì);2002年03期

本文編號：2350464