【摘要】：我國(guó)幅員遼闊，物產(chǎn)豐富，但近年來(lái)由于經(jīng)濟(jì)的高速發(fā)展，對(duì)自然資源的索取不斷加重，加之人類的各種不合理工程活動(dòng)，導(dǎo)致地質(zhì)災(zāi)害頻發(fā)。經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展受到影響，人民的生命財(cái)產(chǎn)安全受到威脅。防災(zāi)減災(zāi)已成為一個(gè)關(guān)乎民生的重要工作。地質(zhì)災(zāi)害易發(fā)性評(píng)價(jià)是一項(xiàng)基礎(chǔ)性工作，在國(guó)內(nèi)外均受到高度重視。做好此項(xiàng)基礎(chǔ)工作，可為制定防治對(duì)策、實(shí)施防治措施以及項(xiàng)目管理等提供科學(xué)依據(jù)。 鑒于以上情況，本論文以“吉林省敦化市地質(zhì)災(zāi)害調(diào)查與區(qū)劃”的實(shí)際工作為依托，利用野外調(diào)查災(zāi)害點(diǎn)的和收集的區(qū)域地質(zhì)環(huán)境數(shù)據(jù)，應(yīng)用模糊綜合評(píng)判法對(duì)區(qū)域地質(zhì)災(zāi)害易發(fā)程度進(jìn)行定量化分析，使實(shí)際工作變得簡(jiǎn)便、實(shí)用、合理。 首先，本文對(duì)敦化市的自然地理概況進(jìn)行了介紹，對(duì)敦化市崩塌、泥石流等地質(zhì)災(zāi)害的成因機(jī)制做了深刻分析，，討論了地理環(huán)境、地質(zhì)背景、氣候植被及人類工程活動(dòng)等各類控制因子與災(zāi)害本身的關(guān)系。再運(yùn)用模糊綜合評(píng)判法，確定影響地質(zhì)災(zāi)害易發(fā)性的主要地質(zhì)環(huán)境因素，建立區(qū)域地質(zhì)災(zāi)害易發(fā)性評(píng)估的數(shù)學(xué)模型。 模糊綜合評(píng)判的評(píng)價(jià)集采用四級(jí)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，把地質(zhì)災(zāi)害易發(fā)程度劃分為不易發(fā)區(qū)、低易發(fā)區(qū)、中易發(fā)區(qū)，高易發(fā)區(qū)四類。評(píng)價(jià)因子為：地貌類型、地形坡度、多年平均降水量、植被覆蓋率、人類工程活動(dòng)。選用模糊層次分析法來(lái)計(jì)算各評(píng)價(jià)因子的權(quán)重值。最后進(jìn)行模糊綜合評(píng)判，計(jì)算最大隸屬度，評(píng)判計(jì)算單元所屬的易發(fā)程度級(jí)別。文中以隨機(jī)提取某一單元數(shù)據(jù)為例，具體說(shuō)明了模糊綜合評(píng)判方法的計(jì)算過(guò)程。并在敦化市全區(qū)運(yùn)用該方法，計(jì)算出每個(gè)綜合評(píng)判單元所屬的地質(zhì)災(zāi)害易發(fā)程度，從而判斷了各單元所屬的易發(fā)性等級(jí)。 論文對(duì)兩種評(píng)價(jià)方法進(jìn)行了對(duì)比分析。在地質(zhì)災(zāi)害區(qū)域分布上，均能反映出敦化市地質(zhì)災(zāi)害易發(fā)程度，所得結(jié)果基本相同，由于采用的評(píng)估方法及指標(biāo)類型不同，使得部分區(qū)域地質(zhì)災(zāi)害易發(fā)程度有一定的差別，但總體來(lái)說(shuō)，兩種評(píng)價(jià)方法及所選取的評(píng)估指標(biāo)體系都是有效和可靠的。通過(guò)與實(shí)際調(diào)查結(jié)果對(duì)比分析，模糊綜合評(píng)判的定量計(jì)算的結(jié)果與實(shí)際調(diào)查結(jié)果基本吻合。也證明了此方法的可行性、正確性與優(yōu)越性。
[Abstract]:Our country has a vast territory and abundant products, but in recent years, due to the rapid development of economy, the demand for natural resources has been increasing, and various unreasonable engineering activities of human beings have led to frequent geological disasters. Economic development is affected and the safety of people's lives and property is threatened. Disaster prevention and mitigation has become an important work related to people's livelihood. Geological hazard vulnerability assessment is a basic work, which is attached great importance at home and abroad. Doing this basic work well can provide scientific basis for making prevention countermeasures, implementing prevention measures and project management. In view of the above situation, based on the actual work of "Geological disaster Survey and regionalization in Dunhua City, Jilin Province", this paper makes use of the regional geological environment data collected and investigated in the field. The fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method is applied to the quantitative analysis of the vulnerability of regional geological hazards, which makes the practical work simple, practical and reasonable. First of all, this paper introduces the general situation of the natural geography of Dunhua City, makes a deep analysis of the formation mechanism of the geological disasters such as the collapse and debris flow in Dunhua City, and discusses the geographical environment and geological background. Relationship between climatic vegetation and human engineering activities and disasters themselves. Then the main geological environmental factors affecting the vulnerability of geological hazards are determined by using the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method and the mathematical model of regional geological hazard vulnerability assessment is established. The evaluation set of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation adopts four standards and divides the degree of geological hazard vulnerability into four categories: non-susceptible area, low susceptible area, middle susceptible area and high susceptible area. The evaluation factors are: landform type, topographic slope, annual average precipitation, vegetation coverage, and human engineering activities. Fuzzy Analytic hierarchy process (FAHP) is used to calculate the weight of each evaluation factor. Finally, the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation is carried out, the maximum membership degree is calculated, and the vulnerability level of the calculation unit is evaluated. Taking the random data extraction of a unit as an example, the calculation process of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method is explained in detail. By using this method in the whole district of Dunhua City, the degree of geological hazard vulnerability of each comprehensive evaluation unit is calculated, and the vulnerability grade of each unit is judged. Two evaluation methods are compared and analyzed in this paper. The regional distribution of geological hazards can reflect the vulnerability of geological hazards in Dunhua City, and the results are basically the same. Due to the different evaluation methods and index types, some regional geological hazards are vulnerable to some differences. But generally speaking, the two evaluation methods and the selected evaluation index system are effective and reliable. By comparing with the actual investigation results, the quantitative results of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation are in good agreement with the actual investigation results. The feasibility, correctness and superiority of this method are also proved.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：P694;P208

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