【摘要】：GPS (Global Positioning System)即全球定位系統(tǒng),是美國國防部在子午儀系統(tǒng)(GPS系統(tǒng)前身)的基礎(chǔ)上研發(fā)的全球衛(wèi)星定位系統(tǒng)。到1994年全球覆蓋率高達(dá)98%的24顆GPS衛(wèi)星己全部布設(shè)完成。它可以為全球范圍內(nèi)的用戶提供實時定位與導(dǎo)航功能,同時它也可以利用高穩(wěn)定度的星載原子鐘提供精準(zhǔn)的授時功能。目前采用GPS衛(wèi)星時鐘源同步本地時鐘的技術(shù)已成為國內(nèi)外產(chǎn)生高精度和高穩(wěn)定時鐘的主流方法之一。該技術(shù)的核心思想是：在衛(wèi)星傳輸正常時,通過手持端接收衛(wèi)星信號用衛(wèi)星時鐘馴服本地時鐘；衛(wèi)星信號不穩(wěn)定時,則由本地時鐘(恒溫晶振)代替衛(wèi)星時鐘工作輸出脈沖信號。 本文首先對4大全球定位系統(tǒng)：美國GPS全球定位系統(tǒng)、俄羅斯GLONASS系統(tǒng)、歐盟Galileo系統(tǒng)以及后起之秀我國北斗衛(wèi)星導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行了介紹和對比,并對各個系統(tǒng)的優(yōu)缺點進(jìn)行了簡單分析。這之中屬美國的GPS系統(tǒng)在全球范圍內(nèi)應(yīng)用的最早也最為廣泛,它的技術(shù)相對成熟,地面接收模塊成本也較低,因此本系統(tǒng)采用物美價廉的美國GPS模塊作為接收衛(wèi)星信號產(chǎn)生脈沖信號的接收端。本文設(shè)計的是基于授時型GPS模塊的頻率源系統(tǒng),它通過GPS接收模塊輸出的10kHz信號和lpps信號實現(xiàn)對本地晶振的馴服,來輸出高精度的頻率源信號,并對兩種方式馴服效果進(jìn)行分析和對比。10kHz馴服部分通過鎖相環(huán)實現(xiàn),在GPS模塊鎖定衛(wèi)星后會輸出一個高精度的10kHz信號,系統(tǒng)會用這個10kHz信號去馴服本地恒溫晶振。它主要由2部分組成：(1)GPS模塊：通過接收衛(wèi)星發(fā)射的信號,處理輸出高精度的脈沖信號作為信號源的時間基準(zhǔn)；(2)半數(shù)字鎖相環(huán)：實現(xiàn)GPS信號對本地晶振的馴服,主要有鑒相器、無源環(huán)路濾波器、CPLD分頻和高精度的恒溫晶振幾部分組成。lpps部分則主要由相位時間差測量模塊、數(shù)據(jù)處理和電壓反饋組成,相位時間差測量模塊會測量出lpps信號和晶振經(jīng)分頻后輸出信號之間的相位差,然后這個相位差會被送至單片機處理以輸出一個反饋信號至恒溫晶振的控制端,控制晶振輸出頻率的變化,達(dá)到校正本地晶振輸出高性能頻率源信號的目的。 通過軟硬件設(shè)計完成了整個系統(tǒng)電路的理論分析、設(shè)計、安裝和調(diào)試,系統(tǒng)輸出數(shù)據(jù)經(jīng)測試均優(yōu)于馴服前。該系統(tǒng)成本低、功耗小,運行穩(wěn)定可靠,頻率精確度、穩(wěn)定度高。
[Abstract]:GPS (Global Positioning System) (Global Positioning system) is a global positioning system developed by the United States Department of Defense on the basis of Meridian instrument system (GPS system predecessor). By 1994, 24 GPS satellites with global coverage of up to 98% had been completed. It can provide real-time positioning and navigation for users around the world, and it can also provide precise timing functions using high stability space-borne atomic clocks. At present, the technology of synchronizing local clock with GPS satellite clock source has become one of the main methods to produce high precision and high stability clock at home and abroad. The core idea of this technology is: when the satellite transmission is normal, the satellite clock tame the local clock by receiving the satellite signal through the handheld terminal; When the satellite signal is unstable, the local clock (constant temperature crystal oscillator) is used instead of the satellite clock to output the pulse signal. This paper first introduces and compares the four major global positioning systems: the GPS Global Positioning system of the United States, the Russian GLONASS system, the European Union Galileo system and the rising star China Beidou Satellite Navigation system. The advantages and disadvantages of each system are analyzed briefly. The GPS system in the United States is the earliest and most widely used in the world. Its technology is relatively mature, and the cost of the ground receiving module is also relatively low. Therefore, the GPS module of the United States is used as the receiving end of the satellite signal to generate the pulse signal. In this paper, a frequency source system based on GPS module is designed. It can tame the local crystal oscillator by 10kHz signal and lpps signal output by GPS receiver module, which can output high precision frequency source signal. The taming effect of the two methods is analyzed and compared. The part of 10kHz acclimation is realized by phase-locked loop. After the GPS module locks the satellite, a high-precision 10kHz signal will be output, and the system will use this 10kHz signal to tame the local constant temperature crystal oscillator. It is mainly composed of two parts: (1) GPS module: by receiving the signal transmitted by the satellite, it processes the high-precision pulse signal as the time reference of the signal source; (2) Semi-digital phase-locked loop: the GPS signal tame the local crystal oscillator, mainly composed of phase detector, passive loop filter, CPLD frequency division and high-precision thermostatic crystal oscillator. The lpps part is mainly composed of phase time difference measurement module. Data processing and voltage feedback, phase time difference measurement module will measure the phase difference between the lpps signal and the crystal oscillator output signal after frequency division. Then the phase difference will be sent to the single chip processor to output a feedback signal to the control end of the constant temperature crystal oscillator to control the variation of the output frequency of the crystal oscillator and to correct the output signal of the high performance frequency source of the local crystal oscillator. The whole system circuit is analyzed, designed, installed and debugged by software and hardware design. The system output data are better than before taming. The system has the advantages of low cost, low power consumption, stable operation, high frequency accuracy and high stability.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：武漢理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：P228.4

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