【摘要】：經(jīng)過十幾年的發(fā)展，精密單點(diǎn)定位（PPP）技術(shù)取得了長(zhǎng)足進(jìn)步，已成熟應(yīng)用在高精度定位測(cè)量、低軌衛(wèi)星精密定軌、地殼形變動(dòng)態(tài)監(jiān)測(cè)等方面，目前已經(jīng)成為GPS導(dǎo)航和定位的研究熱點(diǎn)。 目前實(shí)時(shí)動(dòng)態(tài)精密單點(diǎn)定位技術(shù)應(yīng)用需求與價(jià)值較大，但因其受制于衛(wèi)星鐘差的精度與滯后，并未得到廣泛應(yīng)用。因此,基于區(qū)域GPS觀測(cè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)，系統(tǒng)研究精密衛(wèi)星鐘差解算方法，改善精密衛(wèi)星鐘差精度和時(shí)效性，對(duì)精密單點(diǎn)定位技術(shù)的實(shí)時(shí)應(yīng)用具有重要的研究意義和應(yīng)用價(jià)值。同時(shí)，隨著1Hz、50Hz接收機(jī)的相繼出現(xiàn)，GPS觀測(cè)值采樣率不斷提高，故對(duì)定位解算所需的軌道產(chǎn)品和鐘差產(chǎn)品提出了更高的要求，同時(shí)還需不斷完善和優(yōu)化數(shù)據(jù)處理算法，以保證定位結(jié)果的正確性與時(shí)效性。因此高采樣率衛(wèi)星鐘差求解方法的研究，也成了當(dāng)今GPS數(shù)據(jù)處理的一個(gè)前沿發(fā)展趨向。當(dāng)前許多國(guó)家和地區(qū)建立了全球或局部性的實(shí)時(shí)參考站網(wǎng)絡(luò)，針對(duì)每天成百上千個(gè)跟蹤站日常數(shù)據(jù)準(zhǔn)實(shí)時(shí)處理工作，很有必要開發(fā)一套程序，當(dāng)用戶接收到GPS觀測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)就能進(jìn)行高精度、自動(dòng)化解算,提高數(shù)據(jù)解算的時(shí)效性。 本文基于區(qū)域CORS網(wǎng)GPS連續(xù)跟蹤站觀測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)與IGU軌道預(yù)報(bào)部分，采用非差無電離層觀測(cè)模型進(jìn)行了實(shí)時(shí)衛(wèi)星鐘差估計(jì)，并對(duì)所估計(jì)得到的實(shí)時(shí)鐘差、實(shí)時(shí)定位結(jié)果分別進(jìn)行了比較、分析，實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明：實(shí)時(shí)鐘差與IGS最終鐘差產(chǎn)品相比，其精度可以達(dá)到±0.2ns，實(shí)時(shí)定位精度水平方向優(yōu)于±1cm，垂直方向優(yōu)于±2cm。同時(shí)開發(fā)了一套GPS實(shí)時(shí)數(shù)據(jù)自動(dòng)化處理程序，它可以自動(dòng)下載與數(shù)據(jù)解算相關(guān)的其他數(shù)據(jù)，并提取解算所需的相關(guān)準(zhǔn)備文件，然后按照選定模式實(shí)現(xiàn)自動(dòng)解算，使繁瑣的人工手動(dòng)處理轉(zhuǎn)換為自動(dòng)化的無人操作處理，提高數(shù)據(jù)解算的時(shí)效性。最后提出了一種改進(jìn)的混合模型高采樣率衛(wèi)星鐘差求解方法，能獲得較好的鐘差精度，從而驗(yàn)證了該方法的有效性與可行性，具有一定的實(shí)用價(jià)值與研究意義。
[Abstract]:With the development of more than ten years, the (PPP) technology of precise single point positioning has made great progress, and has been used in high precision positioning and surveying, precision orbit determination of low-orbit satellites, dynamic monitoring of crustal deformation, etc. At present, it has become the research hotspot of GPS navigation and positioning. At present, the application requirement and value of real-time dynamic precise single point positioning technology is great, but it has not been widely used because it is restricted by the precision and lag of satellite clock error. Therefore, based on the regional GPS observation network, it is of great significance and value to study the precision satellite clock difference calculation method systematically, to improve the precision satellite clock difference accuracy and time efficiency, and to apply the precise single point positioning technology in real time. At the same time, with the emergence of 1Hz / 50Hz receiver, the sampling rate of GPS observation value increases continuously. Therefore, higher requirements are put forward for the orbit products and clock difference products needed for positioning calculation. At the same time, it is also necessary to improve and optimize the data processing algorithm. To ensure the accuracy and timeliness of positioning results. Therefore, the solution of satellite clock difference with high sampling rate has become a forward trend of GPS data processing. At present, many countries and regions have established a global or local network of real-time reference stations. It is necessary to develop a set of programs for the quasi-real-time processing of daily data from hundreds of tracking stations every day. When the user receives the GPS observation data, it can carry out high precision, automatic solution and improve the time-efficiency of the data solution. Based on the observation data of GPS continuous tracking station in regional CORS network and the prediction of IGU orbit, the real time satellite clock error estimation is carried out by using the nondifferentially ionospheric observation model, and the real time clock error is estimated. The results of real time positioning are compared and analyzed. The experimental results show that the accuracy of real time clock difference can reach 鹵0.2 ns, the horizontal direction is better than 鹵1 cm, and the vertical direction is better than 鹵2 cm. At the same time, a set of GPS real-time data automatic processing program is developed, which can automatically download other data related to the data solution, extract the relevant preparation files for the solution, and then realize the automatic solution according to the selected mode. The complicated manual processing is converted into the automatic unattended processing, which improves the timeliness of the data solution. In the end, an improved method for solving satellite clock difference with high sampling rate is proposed, which can obtain better clock error accuracy, which verifies the validity and feasibility of the method, and has certain practical value and research significance.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)地震局地震研究所
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：P228.4

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