【摘要】：經(jīng)過十幾年的發(fā)展，精密單點定位（PPP）技術(shù)取得了長足進步，已成熟應(yīng)用在高精度定位測量、低軌衛(wèi)星精密定軌、地殼形變動態(tài)監(jiān)測等方面，目前已經(jīng)成為GPS導(dǎo)航和定位的研究熱點。 目前實時動態(tài)精密單點定位技術(shù)應(yīng)用需求與價值較大，但因其受制于衛(wèi)星鐘差的精度與滯后，并未得到廣泛應(yīng)用。因此,基于區(qū)域GPS觀測網(wǎng)絡(luò)，系統(tǒng)研究精密衛(wèi)星鐘差解算方法，改善精密衛(wèi)星鐘差精度和時效性，對精密單點定位技術(shù)的實時應(yīng)用具有重要的研究意義和應(yīng)用價值。同時，隨著1Hz、50Hz接收機的相繼出現(xiàn)，GPS觀測值采樣率不斷提高，故對定位解算所需的軌道產(chǎn)品和鐘差產(chǎn)品提出了更高的要求，同時還需不斷完善和優(yōu)化數(shù)據(jù)處理算法，以保證定位結(jié)果的正確性與時效性。因此高采樣率衛(wèi)星鐘差求解方法的研究，也成了當今GPS數(shù)據(jù)處理的一個前沿發(fā)展趨向。當前許多國家和地區(qū)建立了全球或局部性的實時參考站網(wǎng)絡(luò)，針對每天成百上千個跟蹤站日常數(shù)據(jù)準實時處理工作，很有必要開發(fā)一套程序，當用戶接收到GPS觀測數(shù)據(jù)就能進行高精度、自動化解算,提高數(shù)據(jù)解算的時效性。 本文基于區(qū)域CORS網(wǎng)GPS連續(xù)跟蹤站觀測數(shù)據(jù)與IGU軌道預(yù)報部分，采用非差無電離層觀測模型進行了實時衛(wèi)星鐘差估計，并對所估計得到的實時鐘差、實時定位結(jié)果分別進行了比較、分析，實驗結(jié)果表明：實時鐘差與IGS最終鐘差產(chǎn)品相比，其精度可以達到±0.2ns，實時定位精度水平方向優(yōu)于±1cm，垂直方向優(yōu)于±2cm。同時開發(fā)了一套GPS實時數(shù)據(jù)自動化處理程序，它可以自動下載與數(shù)據(jù)解算相關(guān)的其他數(shù)據(jù)，并提取解算所需的相關(guān)準備文件，然后按照選定模式實現(xiàn)自動解算，使繁瑣的人工手動處理轉(zhuǎn)換為自動化的無人操作處理，提高數(shù)據(jù)解算的時效性。最后提出了一種改進的混合模型高采樣率衛(wèi)星鐘差求解方法，能獲得較好的鐘差精度，從而驗證了該方法的有效性與可行性，具有一定的實用價值與研究意義。
[Abstract]:With the development of more than ten years, the (PPP) technology of precise single point positioning has made great progress, and has been used in high precision positioning and surveying, precision orbit determination of low-orbit satellites, dynamic monitoring of crustal deformation, etc. At present, it has become the research hotspot of GPS navigation and positioning. At present, the application requirement and value of real-time dynamic precise single point positioning technology is great, but it has not been widely used because it is restricted by the precision and lag of satellite clock error. Therefore, based on the regional GPS observation network, it is of great significance and value to study the precision satellite clock difference calculation method systematically, to improve the precision satellite clock difference accuracy and time efficiency, and to apply the precise single point positioning technology in real time. At the same time, with the emergence of 1Hz / 50Hz receiver, the sampling rate of GPS observation value increases continuously. Therefore, higher requirements are put forward for the orbit products and clock difference products needed for positioning calculation. At the same time, it is also necessary to improve and optimize the data processing algorithm. To ensure the accuracy and timeliness of positioning results. Therefore, the solution of satellite clock difference with high sampling rate has become a forward trend of GPS data processing. At present, many countries and regions have established a global or local network of real-time reference stations. It is necessary to develop a set of programs for the quasi-real-time processing of daily data from hundreds of tracking stations every day. When the user receives the GPS observation data, it can carry out high precision, automatic solution and improve the time-efficiency of the data solution. Based on the observation data of GPS continuous tracking station in regional CORS network and the prediction of IGU orbit, the real time satellite clock error estimation is carried out by using the nondifferentially ionospheric observation model, and the real time clock error is estimated. The results of real time positioning are compared and analyzed. The experimental results show that the accuracy of real time clock difference can reach 鹵0.2 ns, the horizontal direction is better than 鹵1 cm, and the vertical direction is better than 鹵2 cm. At the same time, a set of GPS real-time data automatic processing program is developed, which can automatically download other data related to the data solution, extract the relevant preparation files for the solution, and then realize the automatic solution according to the selected mode. The complicated manual processing is converted into the automatic unattended processing, which improves the timeliness of the data solution. In the end, an improved method for solving satellite clock difference with high sampling rate is proposed, which can obtain better clock error accuracy, which verifies the validity and feasibility of the method, and has certain practical value and research significance.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國地震局地震研究所
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：P228.4

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