【摘要】：中國快速的城鎮(zhèn)化推動城市擴展,導致城市土地利用和土地覆蓋的巨大變化,帶來一系列的環(huán)境問題,研究城市發(fā)展與環(huán)境間的相互作用機制具有重要意義。城市不透水地面比率是城市化的一個重要指標,通過分析城市不透水地面的分布與變化,從而揭示城市發(fā)展及其環(huán)境變化。遙感和地理信息系統(tǒng)技術的結合為城市研究提供了更加科學有效的方法。本文應用遙感、地理信息系統(tǒng)技術和定量分析相結合的方法研究杭州城市不透水地面的時空變化特征,采用植被-不透水地面-土壤(vegetation-impervious-surface-soil,V-I-S)模型和線性光譜混合分析(1inear spectral mixture analysis,LSMA)研究杭州市的城市不透水地面變化。采用的數(shù)據包括數(shù)字化的杭州行政界線數(shù)據、杭州的社會經濟數(shù)據、2000年、2005年和2010年的Landsat TM遙感影像數(shù)據。 首先,本文闡述了基于遙感影像的土地利用土地覆蓋信息提取的背景和重要性,介紹了土地利用土地覆蓋、線性光譜混合模型和植被-不透水地面-土壤模型的概念和發(fā)展,以及目前的相關研究,總結遙感和地理信息系統(tǒng)技術在城市研究中的應用現(xiàn)狀。本文用遙感技術來提取多時相的杭州城市不透水地面的信息。先對遙感數(shù)據進行大氣校正和幾何校正等預處理。選擇四個端元,采用線性光譜混合分析方法提取杭州市的不透水地面信息,并進行精讀檢驗,分析期間不透水地面變化的空間特征。以市轄區(qū)為分析單位,分析杭州不透水地面在過去10年間的變化,分析杭州不透水地面的時空變化,揭示其變化的驅動力機制,并用定量方法分析杭州不透水地面的時空特征。采用不透水地面年均擴展比率衡量不透水地面的擴張速率,通過比較不同時期變化的強弱和快慢,揭示不透水地面的時空變化特征。采用泰爾指數(shù)比較分析不透水地面在城市不同區(qū)位的變化。最后,采用多元逐步回歸分析研究不透水地面變化與杭州經濟社會要素之間相互影響機制。同時從自然因素、文化因素、政府調控出發(fā)定性分析其對不透水地面的作用。 本文運用遙感、地理信息系統(tǒng)技術和定量分析相結合的方法研究了杭州不透水地面和社會經濟發(fā)展間的相互作用機制。研究成果能準確客觀地分析杭州不透水地面在過去10年間的變化特征,為杭州未來的城市發(fā)展和建設提供科學的理論依據,為未來城市發(fā)展的優(yōu)化提供建議。
[Abstract]:Rapid urbanization in China promotes urban expansion, resulting in great changes in urban land use and land cover, and a series of environmental problems. It is of great significance to study the interaction mechanism between urban development and environment. Urban impermeable surface ratio is an important indicator of urbanization. By analyzing the distribution and change of urban impermeable surface, the urban development and its environmental change can be revealed. The combination of remote sensing and GIS provides a more scientific and effective method for urban research. In this paper, the spatial and temporal characteristics of impermeable ground in Hangzhou city are studied by means of remote sensing, geographic information system technology and quantitative analysis. Vegetation-impervious-surface-soil,V-I-S model and linear spectral mixing analysis (1inear spectral mixture analysis,LSMA) were used to study the changes of impermeable surface in Hangzhou. The data used include digital Hangzhou administrative boundary data, Hangzhou socio-economic data, 2000, 2005 and 2010 Landsat TM remote sensing image data. Firstly, this paper describes the background and importance of land cover information extraction based on remote sensing image, and introduces the concept and development of land use land cover, linear spectral mixture model and vegetation-impermeable ground-soil model. And related research, summarize the application status of remote sensing and GIS technology in urban research. In this paper, remote sensing technology is used to extract the information of impermeable ground in Hangzhou. First, the atmospheric correction and geometric correction of remote sensing data are preprocessed. Four end elements were selected to extract the information of impermeable ground in Hangzhou by linear spectral mixing analysis, and the spatial characteristics of the changes of impermeable ground during the period were analyzed. Taking the municipal district as an analytical unit, this paper analyzes the changes of the impermeable surface in Hangzhou in the past 10 years, analyzes the temporal and spatial changes of the impermeable surface in Hangzhou, reveals the driving force mechanism of the change, and analyzes the space-time characteristics of the impervious surface in Hangzhou by quantitative method. The average annual expansion ratio of impermeable ground is used to measure the expansion rate of impermeable ground, and the temporal and spatial variation characteristics of impermeable ground are revealed by comparing the magnitude and speed of the changes in different periods. The changes of impermeable surface in different locations of cities were analyzed by using Tyr index. Finally, multiple stepwise regression analysis is used to study the interaction between impermeable surface changes and economic and social factors in Hangzhou. At the same time, from the natural factors, cultural factors, government regulation, qualitative analysis of its role on impermeable ground. In this paper, the interaction mechanism between impermeable surface and social economic development in Hangzhou is studied by means of remote sensing, geographic information system and quantitative analysis. The research results can accurately and objectively analyze the changing characteristics of impermeable ground in Hangzhou in the past 10 years, provide scientific theoretical basis for the future urban development and construction of Hangzhou, and provide suggestions for the optimization of urban development in the future.
【學位授予單位】：浙江大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：P237;TU984

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