綜合EGM2008、剩余地勢(shì)模型及地面重力數(shù)據(jù)的大地水準(zhǔn)面精化
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-09-12 08:56
【摘要】：GPS測(cè)量具有較高的效率,能夠在地面觀測(cè)不通視的情況下測(cè)得WGS84坐標(biāo)基準(zhǔn)下的經(jīng)緯度以及大地高,并且不依賴于氣候條件。GPS測(cè)量結(jié)合(似)大地水準(zhǔn)面模型可以獲得測(cè)量點(diǎn)的正(常)高,利用GPS測(cè)量大地高并將其轉(zhuǎn)為高程的精度由兩個(gè)因素決定:第一是根據(jù)GPS測(cè)量獲得的大地高的精度,第二是由大地水準(zhǔn)面模型導(dǎo)出的大地水準(zhǔn)面差距(高程異常)精度。隨著GPS測(cè)量技術(shù)的發(fā)展以及測(cè)量方式的改進(jìn),通過使用GPS接收機(jī)聯(lián)測(cè)IGS跟蹤站或者使用CORS系統(tǒng)等方式均能快速獲得高精度的大地高,因而如何獲取高精度的大地水準(zhǔn)面模型成為GPS高程測(cè)量中需要解決的關(guān)鍵問題。本文根據(jù)EGM2008全球重力場(chǎng)模型的原理、特點(diǎn)及其計(jì)算方式,介紹了恢復(fù)重力場(chǎng)模型高頻信號(hào)的剩余地勢(shì)模型法、模型的基準(zhǔn)面不一致改正方法,以及確定大地水準(zhǔn)面差距的Stokes理論和實(shí)測(cè)重力數(shù)據(jù)的處理方法,并根據(jù)“移去-恢復(fù)”法計(jì)算了大地水準(zhǔn)面差距。以興城娘娘廟地區(qū)以及吉林省地區(qū)為例,首先根據(jù)實(shí)測(cè)的GPS數(shù)據(jù)計(jì)算出了基準(zhǔn)面不一致參數(shù),對(duì)水準(zhǔn)面模型進(jìn)行改正;之后基于剩余地勢(shì)模型恢復(fù)了EGM2008全球大地水準(zhǔn)面模型的高頻信號(hào);基于實(shí)測(cè)重力數(shù)據(jù)和“移去-恢復(fù)”法建立了重力大地水準(zhǔn)面模型;并根據(jù)實(shí)測(cè)GPS/水準(zhǔn)數(shù)據(jù),對(duì)兩種計(jì)算方法進(jìn)行精度評(píng)估,提出了綜合剩余地勢(shì)模型與地面測(cè)得的重力數(shù)據(jù)精化大地水準(zhǔn)面的計(jì)算方法。在使用綜合方法的過程中進(jìn)行殘差擬合時(shí),分別用了三次樣條差值法、反距離加權(quán)、二次曲面擬合法三種方法,對(duì)每種方法的計(jì)算效果進(jìn)行對(duì)比和分析,并比較其差異。最后根據(jù)研究區(qū)的GPS數(shù)據(jù)和水準(zhǔn)數(shù)據(jù)分別對(duì)剩余地勢(shì)模型法、“移去-恢復(fù)”計(jì)算法以及綜合法的精化結(jié)果進(jìn)行精度評(píng)定,并根據(jù)不同地區(qū)的位置、地勢(shì)、范圍大小等特點(diǎn),分析各種改正的效果,確定最佳改正方案。結(jié)果表明,在興城娘娘廟研究區(qū)內(nèi),單獨(dú)使用剩余地勢(shì)模型改正后的EGM2008模型比原始模型精度提高約1cm,而利用重力數(shù)據(jù)計(jì)算獲得的大地水準(zhǔn)面差距的精度比原始的EGM2008模型提高了2.5cm左右,其精度以及可靠性均高于RTM模型。在吉林省地區(qū),剩余地勢(shì)模型改正后的EGM2008相比較于原始模型,在精度上也有一定程度的提高。剩余地勢(shì)模型改正效果的顯著性與研究區(qū)域地勢(shì)復(fù)雜性呈正相關(guān),而使用實(shí)測(cè)重力數(shù)據(jù)計(jì)算得到的重力大地水準(zhǔn)面對(duì)改正結(jié)果進(jìn)行殘差擬合,能夠在一定程度上改正該模型在特定地區(qū)的區(qū)域性誤差,從而進(jìn)一步提高該模型的精度�！耙迫�-恢復(fù)”法精化大地水準(zhǔn)面模型的前提是在實(shí)驗(yàn)區(qū)域內(nèi)有足夠數(shù)量的重力數(shù)據(jù)。RTM模型不依賴于實(shí)測(cè)數(shù)據(jù),因而其成本相對(duì)較低,為提高RTM模型改正的精度,可以在測(cè)區(qū)內(nèi)采集少量的重力點(diǎn)進(jìn)行修正。在大地水準(zhǔn)面精化過程中,應(yīng)考綜合慮到采集數(shù)據(jù)成本問題和精度要求,選取適當(dāng)?shù)膶?shí)施方案。
[Abstract]:GPS measurement has high efficiency and can measure latitude and longitude under WGS84 coordinate datum and geodetic height when ground observation is not visible. And the positive (constant) height of the measured points can be obtained by combining (quasi-) geoid models with GPS measurements, independent of climatic conditions, The accuracy of using GPS to measure geodetic height and convert it to height is determined by two factors: the first is the accuracy of geodetic height obtained by GPS, and the second is the accuracy of geoid difference (height anomaly) derived from geoid model. With the development of GPS measurement technology and the improvement of measurement method, high precision geodetic height can be obtained quickly by using GPS receiver to measure IGS tracking station or by using CORS system. Therefore, how to obtain high precision geoid model has become a key problem in GPS height measurement. According to the principle, characteristics and calculation method of EGM2008 global gravity field model, this paper introduces the residual terrain model method for restoring the high frequency signal of gravity field model, and the correction method of inconsistent datum level of the model. The Stokes theory of geoid difference and the processing method of measured gravity data are also presented. The geoid difference is calculated according to the method of "removal and recovery". Taking the Niangmiao area of Xingcheng and Jilin Province as examples, the inconsistent parameters of datum are calculated according to the measured GPS data, and the leveling model is corrected. Then the high frequency signal of EGM2008 global geoid model is restored based on the residual terrain model, the gravity geoid model is established based on the measured gravity data and the method of "removal and recovery", and the GPS/ leveling data are measured. The precision of the two methods is evaluated, and a method of calculating the refined geoid based on the residual terrain model and the gravity data measured on the ground is put forward. In the course of using the synthetic method, the cubic spline difference method, the inverse distance weighting method and the Quadric surface fitting method are used respectively. The calculation results of each method are compared and analyzed, and the differences between them are compared. Finally, according to the GPS data and leveling data of the study area, the precision of the residual terrain model method, the "remove-restore" calculation method and the comprehensive method are evaluated respectively, and according to the characteristics of different regions, such as location, topography, range and so on. Analyze the effect of various corrections and determine the best correction scheme. The results show that, in the research area of the Niangniang Temple in Xingcheng, The accuracy of the corrected EGM2008 model by using the residual terrain model alone is about 1 cm higher than that of the original model, while the accuracy of the geoid gap calculated by gravity data is about 1 cm higher than that of the original EGM2008 model. The accuracy and reliability of the model are higher than that of RTM model. In Jilin Province, the precision of EGM2008 after correction of residual terrain model is improved to a certain extent compared with the original model. The significance of the correction effect of residual terrain model is positively related to the complexity of terrain in the study area, and the residual fitting results of gravity geoid face correction calculated by using the measured gravity data are obtained. It can correct the regional error of the model in a certain extent and further improve the accuracy of the model. In order to improve the accuracy of correction of RTM model, the premise of "remove and restore" method to refine the geoid model is that there are enough gravity data in the experimental area. The model does not depend on the measured data, so its cost is relatively low. A small number of gravity points can be collected in the measured area for correction. In the process of geoid refinement, the cost of collecting data and the requirement of precision should be taken into account comprehensively, and the appropriate implementation scheme should be selected.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：P228.4;P223
本文編號(hào)：2238524
[Abstract]:GPS measurement has high efficiency and can measure latitude and longitude under WGS84 coordinate datum and geodetic height when ground observation is not visible. And the positive (constant) height of the measured points can be obtained by combining (quasi-) geoid models with GPS measurements, independent of climatic conditions, The accuracy of using GPS to measure geodetic height and convert it to height is determined by two factors: the first is the accuracy of geodetic height obtained by GPS, and the second is the accuracy of geoid difference (height anomaly) derived from geoid model. With the development of GPS measurement technology and the improvement of measurement method, high precision geodetic height can be obtained quickly by using GPS receiver to measure IGS tracking station or by using CORS system. Therefore, how to obtain high precision geoid model has become a key problem in GPS height measurement. According to the principle, characteristics and calculation method of EGM2008 global gravity field model, this paper introduces the residual terrain model method for restoring the high frequency signal of gravity field model, and the correction method of inconsistent datum level of the model. The Stokes theory of geoid difference and the processing method of measured gravity data are also presented. The geoid difference is calculated according to the method of "removal and recovery". Taking the Niangmiao area of Xingcheng and Jilin Province as examples, the inconsistent parameters of datum are calculated according to the measured GPS data, and the leveling model is corrected. Then the high frequency signal of EGM2008 global geoid model is restored based on the residual terrain model, the gravity geoid model is established based on the measured gravity data and the method of "removal and recovery", and the GPS/ leveling data are measured. The precision of the two methods is evaluated, and a method of calculating the refined geoid based on the residual terrain model and the gravity data measured on the ground is put forward. In the course of using the synthetic method, the cubic spline difference method, the inverse distance weighting method and the Quadric surface fitting method are used respectively. The calculation results of each method are compared and analyzed, and the differences between them are compared. Finally, according to the GPS data and leveling data of the study area, the precision of the residual terrain model method, the "remove-restore" calculation method and the comprehensive method are evaluated respectively, and according to the characteristics of different regions, such as location, topography, range and so on. Analyze the effect of various corrections and determine the best correction scheme. The results show that, in the research area of the Niangniang Temple in Xingcheng, The accuracy of the corrected EGM2008 model by using the residual terrain model alone is about 1 cm higher than that of the original model, while the accuracy of the geoid gap calculated by gravity data is about 1 cm higher than that of the original EGM2008 model. The accuracy and reliability of the model are higher than that of RTM model. In Jilin Province, the precision of EGM2008 after correction of residual terrain model is improved to a certain extent compared with the original model. The significance of the correction effect of residual terrain model is positively related to the complexity of terrain in the study area, and the residual fitting results of gravity geoid face correction calculated by using the measured gravity data are obtained. It can correct the regional error of the model in a certain extent and further improve the accuracy of the model. In order to improve the accuracy of correction of RTM model, the premise of "remove and restore" method to refine the geoid model is that there are enough gravity data in the experimental area. The model does not depend on the measured data, so its cost is relatively low. A small number of gravity points can be collected in the measured area for correction. In the process of geoid refinement, the cost of collecting data and the requirement of precision should be taken into account comprehensively, and the appropriate implementation scheme should be selected.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：P228.4;P223
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