【摘要】：長期以來,由于自然條件或規(guī)劃不合理等因素的限制,我國農(nóng)村居民點(diǎn)基本處于粗放利用狀態(tài)。農(nóng)村居民點(diǎn)布局優(yōu)化問題已引起學(xué)術(shù)界的廣泛關(guān)注,成為土地科學(xué)研究的重要課題。農(nóng)村居民點(diǎn)用地作為一種重要土地利用類型,其布局優(yōu)化有利于節(jié)約土地資源和統(tǒng)籌城鄉(xiāng)發(fā)展。本文以河北省昌黎縣為典型研究區(qū),利用GIS的空間分析技術(shù),研究了昌黎縣農(nóng)村居民點(diǎn)分布特征、評價(jià)了農(nóng)村居民點(diǎn)宜居性,并結(jié)合Voronoi圖集相關(guān)理論、兩步移動(dòng)搜索算法和多距離空間聚類分析等定性定量研究方法,對農(nóng)村居民點(diǎn)類型進(jìn)行重構(gòu)類型劃分,并制定了重構(gòu)優(yōu)化方法與標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。主要研究工作及結(jié)論如下:(1)利用Arcgis10.0平均中心功能計(jì)算全縣的幾何中心、6個(gè)社會經(jīng)濟(jì)數(shù)據(jù)中心(總戶數(shù)、總?cè)丝�、人均純收入、糧食產(chǎn)量、耕地面積和居民點(diǎn)面積)及社會經(jīng)濟(jì)加權(quán)中心,并結(jié)合昌黎縣農(nóng)村居民點(diǎn)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差橢圓和加權(quán)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差橢圓,以及Voronoi圖集方法可以得出:①昌黎縣境內(nèi)各經(jīng)濟(jì)指標(biāo)平均中心分布較集中,均距離幾何中心較近,說明昌黎境內(nèi)各鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)社會經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展較均衡,昌黎縣社會經(jīng)濟(jì)加權(quán)中心處在幾何中心西北部2.0km處,反映了縣域西北部的人口較多,同時(shí)戶數(shù)和村莊也較多,昌黎縣西北部相對較為富裕;②全縣的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差橢圓長短軸相差較小,利于中心村數(shù)量的計(jì)算與選擇,農(nóng)村居民點(diǎn)分布大致呈沿昌黎-灤縣、灤南交界方向、沿海方向和環(huán)縣城分布的態(tài)勢;③農(nóng)村居民點(diǎn)在縣域尺度上空間分布呈集聚性,鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)尺度上,馬坨店與十里鋪屬隨機(jī)分布,居民點(diǎn)圖斑較松散,其他大部分鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)為集群分布。(2)進(jìn)行昌黎縣農(nóng)村居民點(diǎn)宜居性評價(jià)。等級分為:高度適宜(I1),分值區(qū)間為3.2004I4.0141,有548個(gè)圖斑,圖斑面積為2898.98 hm2,約占農(nóng)村居民點(diǎn)用地的20.51%,這一類農(nóng)村居民點(diǎn)用地自然地理?xiàng)l件和社會經(jīng)濟(jì)條件均處于最優(yōu)或較優(yōu)狀態(tài),交通便捷,居民點(diǎn)用地規(guī)模較大,人口密集,距鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)的距離較近主要分布在昌黎縣城周邊、主要交通道路兩側(cè)以及各個(gè)鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)政府駐地周邊;一般適宜(I2),分值區(qū)間為2.7826I3.2004,有995個(gè)圖斑,圖斑面積為5768.20hm2,約占農(nóng)村居民點(diǎn)用地的40.81%,一般適宜區(qū)(I的居民點(diǎn)區(qū)域自然條件相對較好,交通比較便利,農(nóng)民生產(chǎn)生活條件總體較好,主要集中在城郊區(qū)委、靖安鎮(zhèn)、龍家店鄉(xiāng)及十里鋪鄉(xiāng);臨界適宜(I3),分值區(qū)間為2.3177I2.7826,有966個(gè)圖斑,圖斑面積為4678.83hm2,約占農(nóng)村居民點(diǎn)用地的33.10%,臨界適宜區(qū)(I3)居民點(diǎn)主要分布在距離水源地、交通和建制鎮(zhèn)較遠(yuǎn)的地區(qū),導(dǎo)致農(nóng)民的各項(xiàng)生產(chǎn)生活條件相對較差,享受到的交通、水源、通信等社會服務(wù)較少;不適宜(I4),分值區(qū)間為1.4859I2.3177,有398個(gè)圖斑,圖斑面積為789.08 hm2,約占農(nóng)村居民點(diǎn)用地的5.58%。不適宜區(qū)(I居民點(diǎn)主要分布在昌黎縣東北部碣石山附近和西南部國有林場、七里海自然保護(hù)區(qū)附近的山地、各個(gè)鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)之間的結(jié)合部等。(3)提出了五種農(nóng)村居民點(diǎn)重構(gòu)類型、優(yōu)化方法與標(biāo)準(zhǔn)提出包入式、拓展式、控制式、歸并式及遷棄式共五種農(nóng)村居民點(diǎn)重構(gòu)類型,并根據(jù)不同重構(gòu)類型的居民點(diǎn)擬定類型標(biāo)準(zhǔn):根據(jù)城鎮(zhèn)2km范圍內(nèi)農(nóng)村居民點(diǎn)規(guī)模分布直方圖,900m作為城鎮(zhèn)中心吸引村莊的距離參考值,范圍內(nèi)的農(nóng)村居民點(diǎn)都為包入式農(nóng)村居民點(diǎn),應(yīng)城鎮(zhèn)化;居民點(diǎn)規(guī)模指數(shù)在“農(nóng)村居民點(diǎn)宜居性綜合指數(shù)指標(biāo)評價(jià)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)分值”中為五級(即0C100.0462)為遷棄式農(nóng)村居民圖斑的參考值;農(nóng)村居民點(diǎn)宜居性評價(jià)結(jié)果為不適宜的圖斑,作為歸并式農(nóng)村居民點(diǎn)圖斑遷移的參考值;拓展式農(nóng)村居民點(diǎn)圖斑需滿足宜居性評價(jià)結(jié)果為高度適宜、基于Voronoi圖農(nóng)村居民點(diǎn)發(fā)展優(yōu)先區(qū)、所在村莊總?cè)丝?248人或村莊規(guī)模540畝這四個(gè)條件中三個(gè)條件或三個(gè)以上;農(nóng)村居民點(diǎn)宜居性評價(jià)結(jié)果為中等宜居和臨界宜居的圖斑,確定作為控制式圖斑遷移的參考值。進(jìn)一步對拓展式和控制式農(nóng)村居民點(diǎn)進(jìn)行三次微調(diào),達(dá)到居民點(diǎn)類型最佳分布狀態(tài)。各類型農(nóng)村居民點(diǎn)規(guī)模為包入式1692.23 hm2,圖斑個(gè)數(shù)401個(gè);拓展式3643.38 hm2,圖斑個(gè)數(shù)114個(gè);控制式7110.48hm2,圖斑個(gè)數(shù)356個(gè);歸并式式1185.90hm2,圖斑個(gè)數(shù)121個(gè);包入式639.69 hm2,圖斑個(gè)數(shù)1915個(gè)。針對五種重構(gòu)類型的農(nóng)村居民點(diǎn)提出了相應(yīng)的重構(gòu)優(yōu)化方案及建議。
[Abstract]:For a long time, because of the limitation of natural conditions or unreasonable planning, the rural residential areas in China are basically in the state of extensive utilization. Taking Changli County of Hebei Province as a typical research area, this paper studies the distribution characteristics of rural residential areas in Changli County by using spatial analysis technology of GIS, evaluates the livability of rural residential areas, and combines Voronoi graph set theory, two-step mobile search algorithm and multi-distance spatial clustering analysis. The main research work and conclusions are as follows: (1) Using Arcgis 10.0 average central function to calculate the county's geometric center, six socio-economic data centers (total households, total population, per capita net income, grain output, farming) According to the standard deviation ellipse and weighted standard deviation ellipse of rural residential area in Changli County, and Voronoi Atlas method, the following conclusions can be drawn: (1) The average center distribution of economic indicators in Changli County is more concentrated, and the average distance is closer to the geometric center, indicating the socio-economic development of towns in Changli County Changli County's socio-economic weighting center is located at 2.0 km northwest of the geometric center, reflecting a large population in the northwest of the county, at the same time the number of households and villages are more, the northwest of Changli County is relatively rich; 2. The standard deviation ellipse axis of the whole county is relatively small, which is conducive to the calculation and selection of the number of central villages, and the rural residential points. The distribution of the rural residential areas in Changli-Luanxian and Luannan borderlands is mainly along the coast and around the county town. 3. The spatial distribution of the rural residential areas in the county scale is agglomerative. On the township scale, Matuodian and Shilipu are randomly distributed, and the patches of the residential areas are loose, while most of the other townships are clustered. (2) The rural residential areas in Changli County are distributed. The grade is divided into: highly suitable (I1), the score interval is 3.2004 I4.0141, there are 548 patches, the patch area is 2898.98 hm2, accounting for 20.51% of the rural residential land. The natural geographical and socio-economic conditions of this kind of rural residential land are in the best or better state, the traffic is convenient, the scale of residential land is large, and the population is large. Densely populated, the distance from the town is mainly distributed around Changli County, both sides of the main traffic roads and around the residential areas of various township governments; generally suitable (I2), the score interval is 2.7826I3.2004, there are 995 patches, the area of patches is 5768.20hm2, accounting for about 40.81% of the rural residential land, generally suitable areas (I residential areas of natural stripes) Relatively good parts, convenient transportation, farmers'production and living conditions are generally better, mainly concentrated in suburban Party committee, Jing'an town, Longjiadian Township and Shilipu township; critical suitability (I3), score interval is 2.3177I2.7826, 966 patches, patch area is 4678.83hm2, accounting for about 33.10% of rural residential land, critical suitability area (I3) residential areas mainly. Distributing far away from the water source, traffic and construction town, farmers have relatively poor production and living conditions, enjoy less traffic, water, communications and other social services; inappropriate (I4), the score interval is 1.4859I2.3177, 398 patches, patch area is 789.08hm2, accounting for about 5.58% of rural residential land. I residential areas are mainly distributed in the northeast of Changli County near Jishishan and southwest state-owned forest farms, the mountains near Qilihai Nature Reserve, and the junction between towns and townships. According to the histogram of the size distribution of rural residential areas within 2 km of town, 900m is the distance reference value of the town center attracting villages, and the rural residential areas within the scope are all inclusive rural residential areas, which should be urbanized. The five grades (0C100.0462) are the reference values of the abandoned rural residential patches, the unsuitable patches of the rural residential patches are the reference values of the merged rural residential patches, and the expanded rural residential patches need to meet the evaluation results of the habitability. In order to be highly suitable, based on Voronoi map, the rural residential development priority area, the total population of the village is 1248 or 540 mu, three or more of these four conditions; the evaluation results of rural residential habitability are moderate and critical habitable patches, which can be used as a reference value for controlling patch migration. The scale of all types of rural residential areas is 1692.23 hm2, the number of patches is 401; the expansion type is 3643.38 hm2, the number of patches is 114; the control type is 7110.48 hm2, the number of patches is 356; the merger type is 1185.90 hm2, the number of patches is 121; the inclusion type is 639.69 hm2. Hm2, the number of patches 1915. Aiming at five types of reconstruction of rural settlements, the corresponding reconstruction optimization scheme and suggestions are put forward.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：P208;F301.2

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