利用電離層延遲改正模型提高GPS高程測(cè)量值的精度的研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-09-05 09:13
【摘要】：GPS由于其高效方便,得到了迅猛發(fā)展,成為了現(xiàn)在地形測(cè)量、變形監(jiān)測(cè)、低等級(jí)高程控制測(cè)量的首選。近年來在GPS理論和技術(shù)高速發(fā)展的帶動(dòng)下,GPS在平面測(cè)量精度和高程測(cè)量精度方面都得到了很大的提高。硬件方面,扼流圈天線使得GPS的多路徑效應(yīng)得到了有效的消除；理論方面,各種對(duì)流層、電離層延遲改正模型的提出及其應(yīng)用,以及許多研究表明有效的GPS消除誤差理論的應(yīng)用,使得GPS的諸多與衛(wèi)星及接收機(jī)之間的誤差得到了很好的改正,所以GPS在平面位置和高程的測(cè)量精度也進(jìn)一步提高,在平面測(cè)量中的精度達(dá)到甚至小于±1mm+lppm。由于GPS測(cè)量的大地高應(yīng)用于實(shí)際時(shí)需要經(jīng)過高程轉(zhuǎn)換為正常高,中間轉(zhuǎn)換過程中需要解算高程異常,一系列的計(jì)算使得GPS在高程控制測(cè)量方面誤差偏大,影響了GPS高程控制測(cè)量在許多方面的應(yīng)用。本文在GPS雙頻觀測(cè)的基礎(chǔ)上,通過解算GPS原始的觀測(cè)數(shù)據(jù),建立一種區(qū)域的電離層延遲改正模型,取代現(xiàn)在最常用的克羅布歇模型來消除電離層對(duì)GPS測(cè)量的影響,更好的消除電離層延遲的影響,以提高GPS的解算數(shù)據(jù)的精度。 區(qū)域模型建立采用多項(xiàng)式電離層延遲改正模型,將整個(gè)電離層中電子濃縮在一個(gè)單層,單層高度取350km,將單層上的垂直方向上的總電子含量(VTEC)的值看作是緯度和太陽(yáng)時(shí)角的函數(shù),計(jì)算穿刺點(diǎn)的位置。根據(jù)在某段時(shí)間內(nèi)接收機(jī)接收到的衛(wèi)星的觀測(cè)數(shù)據(jù),并將這些觀測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)通過TEQC數(shù)據(jù)處理軟件進(jìn)行處理,限制衛(wèi)星的高度角,分離出需要的數(shù)據(jù),解算多項(xiàng)式中的系數(shù)及諸多難以在公式間求差消除的系統(tǒng)誤差總量,利用最小二乘法擬合出這些未知項(xiàng)的最優(yōu)解,進(jìn)而建立區(qū)域性電離層延遲改正模型。利用這種模型解算電離層延遲量且與實(shí)際的延遲量進(jìn)行比較,驗(yàn)證模型的效果。這種在雙頻測(cè)值的基礎(chǔ)上,精確求定穿刺點(diǎn)上空的電子含量,反求出多項(xiàng)式模型中的系數(shù)建立區(qū)域電離層延遲改正模型,更具有針對(duì)性的解決當(dāng)?shù)氐碾婋x層延遲量。 通過實(shí)際應(yīng)用的例子來比較本文中建立的多項(xiàng)式模型對(duì)實(shí)際電離層延遲的改正效果,驗(yàn)證本模型的優(yōu)勢(shì),說明多項(xiàng)式模型更具有針對(duì)性,特定性。但是由于建立模型的先天條件也限制了本模型在預(yù)報(bào)電離層延遲方面的不足。綜合模型的優(yōu)劣性的比較,應(yīng)用這種GPS雙頻觀測(cè)值建立起來的區(qū)域性多項(xiàng)式電離層延遲改正模型可以很好的提高GPS的測(cè)量精度,也使得GPS在高程控制測(cè)量方面得到更廣泛的應(yīng)用。
[Abstract]:Because of its high efficiency and convenience, GPS has been developed rapidly and has become the first choice of topographic survey, deformation monitoring and low grade height control survey. In recent years, with the rapid development of GPS theory and technology, the accuracy of plane measurement and elevation measurement has been greatly improved. In the aspect of hardware, the choke coil antenna can effectively eliminate the multipath effect of GPS. In theory, various models of tropospheric and ionospheric delay correction are proposed and applied. And many studies show that the effective application of GPS erasing error theory makes many errors between GPS and satellite and receiver get very good correction, so the measurement accuracy of GPS in plane position and elevation is further improved. The accuracy in plane measurement is even less than 鹵1mm lppm.. Because the geodetic height measured by GPS needs to be converted from height to normal height when it is applied in practice, the height anomaly needs to be solved in the process of intermediate conversion. A series of calculations make the error of GPS in height control measurement too large. It affects the application of GPS height control measurement in many aspects. On the basis of GPS dual-frequency observation, a correction model of ionospheric delay in the region is established by solving the original observation data of GPS, which replaces the most commonly used Krobuch model to eliminate the influence of ionosphere on GPS measurement. The effect of ionospheric delay is better eliminated to improve the accuracy of GPS data. A polynomial ionospheric delay correction model is used to establish the regional model. The electrons in the whole ionosphere are concentrated in a single layer and the height of the single layer is 350 km. The total electron content (VTEC) in the vertical direction of the monolayer is regarded as a function of latitude and solar time angle. Calculate the location of the puncture point. Based on the satellite observation data received by the receiver over a certain period of time and processed by the TEQC data processing software, the height angle of the satellite is limited and the required data are separated. In order to calculate the coefficients in the polynomial and the total systematic errors which are difficult to eliminate the difference between the formulas, the least square method is used to fit the optimal solutions of these unknown terms, and then the regional ionospheric delay correction model is established. The model is used to calculate the ionospheric delay and compare with the actual delay to verify the effectiveness of the model. Based on the dual-frequency measurements, the electron content above the puncture point is accurately determined, and the coefficients in the polynomial model are used to establish the regional ionospheric delay correction model, which can solve the local ionospheric delay. The correction effect of the polynomial model to the real ionospheric delay is compared with the practical application examples. The advantages of the model are verified. It is shown that the polynomial model is more specific and specific. However, the inborn condition of establishing the model also limits the deficiency of this model in predicting the ionospheric delay. Comparing the advantages and disadvantages of the model, the regional polynomial ionospheric delay correction model based on the GPS dual-frequency observations can improve the measurement accuracy of GPS. It also makes GPS more widely used in height control measurement.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：昆明理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：P228.4
本文編號(hào)：2223837
[Abstract]:Because of its high efficiency and convenience, GPS has been developed rapidly and has become the first choice of topographic survey, deformation monitoring and low grade height control survey. In recent years, with the rapid development of GPS theory and technology, the accuracy of plane measurement and elevation measurement has been greatly improved. In the aspect of hardware, the choke coil antenna can effectively eliminate the multipath effect of GPS. In theory, various models of tropospheric and ionospheric delay correction are proposed and applied. And many studies show that the effective application of GPS erasing error theory makes many errors between GPS and satellite and receiver get very good correction, so the measurement accuracy of GPS in plane position and elevation is further improved. The accuracy in plane measurement is even less than 鹵1mm lppm.. Because the geodetic height measured by GPS needs to be converted from height to normal height when it is applied in practice, the height anomaly needs to be solved in the process of intermediate conversion. A series of calculations make the error of GPS in height control measurement too large. It affects the application of GPS height control measurement in many aspects. On the basis of GPS dual-frequency observation, a correction model of ionospheric delay in the region is established by solving the original observation data of GPS, which replaces the most commonly used Krobuch model to eliminate the influence of ionosphere on GPS measurement. The effect of ionospheric delay is better eliminated to improve the accuracy of GPS data. A polynomial ionospheric delay correction model is used to establish the regional model. The electrons in the whole ionosphere are concentrated in a single layer and the height of the single layer is 350 km. The total electron content (VTEC) in the vertical direction of the monolayer is regarded as a function of latitude and solar time angle. Calculate the location of the puncture point. Based on the satellite observation data received by the receiver over a certain period of time and processed by the TEQC data processing software, the height angle of the satellite is limited and the required data are separated. In order to calculate the coefficients in the polynomial and the total systematic errors which are difficult to eliminate the difference between the formulas, the least square method is used to fit the optimal solutions of these unknown terms, and then the regional ionospheric delay correction model is established. The model is used to calculate the ionospheric delay and compare with the actual delay to verify the effectiveness of the model. Based on the dual-frequency measurements, the electron content above the puncture point is accurately determined, and the coefficients in the polynomial model are used to establish the regional ionospheric delay correction model, which can solve the local ionospheric delay. The correction effect of the polynomial model to the real ionospheric delay is compared with the practical application examples. The advantages of the model are verified. It is shown that the polynomial model is more specific and specific. However, the inborn condition of establishing the model also limits the deficiency of this model in predicting the ionospheric delay. Comparing the advantages and disadvantages of the model, the regional polynomial ionospheric delay correction model based on the GPS dual-frequency observations can improve the measurement accuracy of GPS. It also makes GPS more widely used in height control measurement.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：昆明理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：P228.4
【參考文獻(xiàn)】
相關(guān)期刊論文 前2條
1 劉旭春;李維功;楊軍;;GPS硬件延遲計(jì)算精度及其穩(wěn)定性分析[J];測(cè)繪科學(xué);2008年05期
2 張小紅,李征航,蔡昌盛;用雙頻GPS觀測(cè)值建立小區(qū)域電離層延遲模型研究[J];武漢大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(信息科學(xué)版);2001年02期
，本文編號(hào)：2223837
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