【摘要】：城市是人類文明的主要構成部分,是人類生存的重要場所之一,伴隨人類的進步發(fā)展起來的,還是地面各類生產資料、信息、能量等彼此傳遞互換的場地。城市化即人口大量地向城市進軍,城市人口迅速地增加,現有的城市空間不能滿足大量人口的需要,城市范圍逐漸向外擴大的過程。隨著經濟全球化的不斷加速,全球城市化與城市體系正發(fā)生著重要轉型與重構,發(fā)達國家城市化基本進入了成熟階段,城市化研究熱點轉移到了發(fā)展中國家,尤其是中國獨特的城市化道路引起廣泛關注。中國經濟高速增長及經濟全球化等因素使城市的生活便捷、交通更加快捷、教育更加發(fā)達、基礎設施不斷齊備,為了追求更優(yōu)質的生活質量大量的農村人口進入城市,狹小的城市空間不足以滿足大量人口的需求,城市必須擴大現有的面積來滿足這些需求。在給人類帶來優(yōu)質生活的同時城市的建設發(fā)展、生態(tài)環(huán)境受到了嚴重的影響,一系列的城市問題由此爆發(fā)。因此合理的進行城市擴展是當前研究的熱門之一。然而采用傳統(tǒng)的城市用地規(guī)模統(tǒng)計來監(jiān)測城市擴展變化已不能滿足當前的需要,因此通過科技手段來監(jiān)測城市發(fā)展已是當務之急。目前,地理信息系統(tǒng)和遙感技術的飛速發(fā)展,利用航天遙感影像解譯來研究城市發(fā)展可快速掌握城市建設用地的利用情況,為掌握和控制城市建設用地的規(guī)模工作提供實時的輔助決策信息。本文以四川省南充市為研究對象,先收集國內外的研究成果,對城市擴展及其驅動力機制進行分析研究,采用2000年、2005年、2010年和2015年4期的衛(wèi)星影像數據為主要數據源,在南充市政府統(tǒng)計年鑒和ARCGIS、ENVI等軟件的支撐下,分析了南充市建城區(qū)城市擴展的動態(tài)變化和引起該變化的動因。本文主要對以下內容進行了研究:(1)城市用地擴展信息提取。運用幾何校正、圖像裁剪、影像增強對研究區(qū)的四期衛(wèi)星遙感影進行圖像預處理,再使用基于最大似然法的監(jiān)督分類和非監(jiān)督分類法獲取城市擴展信息,并進行對比分析。(2)研究城市擴展的時空變化。分析南充市建成區(qū)擴展的面積變化、形態(tài)和空間變化等方面來研究城市擴展的速度、方向、緊湊度等指標。(3)城市擴展的動力機制研究。從自然地理條件、經濟、交通、人口、城市規(guī)劃等方面研究南充市城市擴展驅動力。通過研究得出以下結論:(1)將選用的基于最大似然法的監(jiān)督分類和非監(jiān)督分類這兩種方法對南充市建成區(qū)擴展信息進行提取,經過比較分析顯示監(jiān)督分類對提取建成區(qū)邊界效果更好。(2)從2000年到2015年,南充市建成區(qū)的面積不斷擴大,重心位置發(fā)生偏移,先是從南向北移動,再從北向南移動。(3)由建成區(qū)擴展的速度與強度可知,南充市建成區(qū)的擴展速度和強度由強變慢,說明南充市城市擴展逐漸趨于穩(wěn)定。(4)城市擴展的驅動力因素側重有自然地理因素、經濟的發(fā)展速率、人口規(guī)模、公共基礎設施的完備程度、城市總體規(guī)劃等5個因素。
[Abstract]:Cities are the main components of human civilization and one of the important places for human survival. Along with the progress of human beings, cities are also the places where all kinds of means of production, information and energy on the ground can be transferred and exchanged. With the acceleration of economic globalization, the global urbanization and urban system are undergoing an important transformation and reconstruction. The urbanization of developed countries has basically entered a mature stage, and the focus of urbanization research has shifted to developing countries, especially China's unique urbanization path. China's rapid economic growth and economic globalization have made life more convenient, transportation faster, education more developed, and infrastructure more complete. In order to pursue a better quality of life, a large number of rural people enter the city, and the narrow urban space is not enough to meet the needs of a large number of people, the city must Expanding the existing area to meet these needs. While bringing good quality of life to mankind, urban construction and development, the ecological environment has been seriously affected, and a series of urban problems have erupted. Urban expansion and change can not meet the current needs, so it is urgent to monitor urban development through scientific and technological means. At present, the rapid development of geographic information system and remote sensing technology, the use of space remote sensing image interpretation to study urban development can quickly grasp the use of urban construction land, in order to grasp and control the use of urban construction. This paper takes Nanchong City of Sichuan Province as the research object, first collects the research results at home and abroad, then analyzes and studies the urban expansion and its driving force mechanism, using the satellite image data of 2000, 2005, 2010 and 2015 as the main data source, and in Nanchong Municipal Government Statistical Yearbook. With the support of ARCGIS, ENVI and other softwares, this paper analyzes the dynamic changes of the urban expansion in Jiancheng District of Nanchong City and the causes of the changes. Then the supervised classification and unsupervised classification based on maximum likelihood method are used to obtain the information of urban expansion and make a comparative analysis. (2) The spatial and temporal changes of urban expansion are studied. This paper studies the driving forces of urban expansion in Nanchong from the aspects of natural geographical conditions, economy, transportation, population, urban planning and so on. The following conclusions are drawn: (1) Supervised classification and unsupervised classification based on maximum likelihood method are selected to extract the expansion information of Nanchong built-up area, and the results are compared. From 2000 to 2015, the area of the built-up area of Nanchong city expanded continuously, the position of the center of gravity shifted from south to north, and then moved from north to south. (3) From the speed and intensity of the expansion of the built-up area, we can see that the expansion speed and intensity of the built-up area of Nanchong city changed from strong to slow. The urban expansion of Nanchong City in Ming Dynasty tends to be stable gradually. (4) The driving forces of urban expansion include five factors: natural geographical factors, economic development rate, population size, the completeness of public infrastructure, urban master plan and so on.
【學位授予單位】：成都理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：F299.27;P237

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本文編號：2220605