礦區(qū)地面沉降的InSAR監(jiān)測及參數(shù)反演
發(fā)布時間：2018-08-31 08:54
【摘要】：由于自然條件的原因,煤礦開采多數(shù)是地下開采,過度的開采容易破壞當?shù)丨h(huán)境甚至引發(fā)多種災害,如地表塌陷、地表水倒灌等,給國家和當?shù)厝嗣駧砭薮髶p失。然而,目前我國僅靠簡單的人工測量手段監(jiān)測礦區(qū)形變,地表植被和水系發(fā)育、山勢陡峭等地帶的地表沉降現(xiàn)象卻無法得到有效監(jiān)測,缺乏開采過程中的形變趨勢及災害預測信息。如何實時、高效監(jiān)測煤礦開采過程中地表形變變化是防控煤礦災害的一項關(guān)鍵內(nèi)容,也是本論文的主要研究目標。 論文重點圍繞InSAR(合成孔徑雷達干涉測量)技術(shù)結(jié)合位錯模型對煤礦礦區(qū)進行監(jiān)測的方法展開研究。針對InSAR技術(shù)大尺度形變監(jiān)測,采用SBAS方法(短基線集)對滿足一定時空基線的干涉對進行處理,有效地減弱時空基線引起的失相干問題,在提高D-InSAR結(jié)果精度的同時提高形變的時空分辨率；針對大地形變場研究的熱門方法-位錯模型,研究基于垂直方向的簡化后位移位錯模型,并結(jié)合InSAR結(jié)果利用大地測量反演方法反演煤礦塌陷機理。 論文主要研究工作如下： 1)采用SBAS(小基線集)技術(shù)獲取豐城某煤礦時間序列沉降圖 選擇江西豐城市某煤礦礦區(qū)作為實驗區(qū),利用D-InSAR技術(shù)對獲取的日本ALOS PALSAR數(shù)據(jù)進行差分干涉測量,采用最優(yōu)化融合和線性方向窗口的方法生成干涉圖,提取礦區(qū)2007-2008年礦區(qū)形變場。獲取煤礦2007-2008年間的7景PALSAR影像,采用SBAS技術(shù)對數(shù)據(jù)進行處理,采用最小二乘法估計出高相干點時間序列上的沉降速率和累積沉降量,得到各影像不同時刻的時間序列沉降圖,并利用研究區(qū)域已有的監(jiān)測結(jié)果(水準數(shù)據(jù))對本文獲取的沉降速率和累積沉降量進行驗證。 2)基于InSAR監(jiān)測技術(shù)的礦區(qū)地表形變時空演化規(guī)律分析 結(jié)合常規(guī)水準監(jiān)測數(shù)據(jù)和InSAR結(jié)果,對煤礦工作面開采導致的地表形變時間演化規(guī)律進行分析,通過形變時間曲線預報了地表形變所處的演化階段,結(jié)合煤礦采工圖及收集到的地表宏觀形變信息數(shù)據(jù),分析煤礦地表形變空間演化規(guī)律,判斷礦區(qū)工作面地表形變所處的時空演化階段。 3)研究基于煤礦塌陷機理的簡化矩形位錯理論模型 以Okada矩形位錯理論模型為基礎(chǔ),根據(jù)煤礦塌陷的特點和煤礦開挖的實際情況來建立合理的地球物理反演模型—簡化矩形位錯模型,利用簡化矩形位錯模型對礦區(qū)塌陷進行位錯位錯張裂分量的反演,然后將反演的位錯張裂分量模擬計算礦區(qū)地表沉降量。 4)采用大地測量反演方法對礦區(qū)塌陷進行位錯位錯張裂分量的反演 基于簡化矩形位錯模型,結(jié)合水準數(shù)據(jù),將最小二乘線性反演算法與蒙特卡羅非線性反演算法分別對豐城某煤礦進行位錯位錯張裂分量的反演,得到礦區(qū)開采過程中的塌陷趨勢量。 5) InSAR監(jiān)測數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)合簡化位錯模型煤礦塌陷的參數(shù)反演 利用SBAS技術(shù)獲取的礦區(qū)沉降漏斗B、D區(qū)域的大概1年內(nèi)累積沉降量,結(jié)合簡化矩形位錯模型,采用最小二乘線性反演算法與蒙特卡羅非線性反演算法分別對礦區(qū)的位錯位錯張裂分量進行反演,并將反演的位錯張裂分量來模擬計算礦區(qū)地表沉降量,然后將SBAS監(jiān)測數(shù)據(jù)反演與水準監(jiān)測數(shù)據(jù)反演進行對比分析,并基于參數(shù)反演對煤礦開采進度進行了分析；實驗結(jié)果表明：利用簡化位錯模型結(jié)合SBAS監(jiān)測技術(shù)反演煤礦地表形變是可行的。
[Abstract]:Because of the natural conditions, most of the coal mining is underground mining. Excessive mining can easily destroy the local environment and even cause a variety of disasters, such as surface subsidence, surface water recharge and so on, which bring huge losses to the country and the local people. However, at present, China only rely on simple manual measurement to monitor the deformation of mining areas, surface vegetation and water system development. However, the surface subsidence phenomena in steep and steep mountain areas can not be effectively monitored, and the deformation trend and disaster prediction information in mining process are scarce.
This paper focuses on the method of monitoring coal mine area with InSAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry) technology and dislocation model. For large-scale deformation monitoring of InSAR technology, SBAS (Short Baseline Set) method is used to deal with the interference pairs satisfying a certain space-time baseline, which can effectively reduce the incoherence caused by space-time baseline. In order to improve the accuracy of D-InSAR results and improve the spatial and temporal resolution of deformation, a simplified post-displacement dislocation model based on vertical direction is studied for the dislocation model, which is a popular method in the study of geodetic deformation field.
The main research work is as follows:
1) using SBAS (small baseline) technology to obtain a time series settlement map of a coal mine in Fengcheng.
A mining area in Fengcheng City, Jiangxi Province, was selected as the experimental area. The differential interferometry was carried out on the acquired Japanese ALOS PALSAR data by using D-InSAR technology. The interferogram was generated by using the method of optimal fusion and linear direction window. The deformation field of the mining area in 2007-2008 was extracted. The data are processed and the settlement rate and cumulative settlement are estimated by the least square method. The time series settlement maps of each image at different times are obtained. The settlement rate and cumulative settlement are validated by the existing monitoring results (leveling data) in the study area.
2) analysis of temporal and spatial evolution of surface deformation in mining area based on InSAR monitoring technology
Combined with the conventional leveling monitoring data and the results of InSAR, the time evolution law of surface deformation caused by coal mining is analyzed. The evolution stage of surface deformation is predicted by the deformation time curve, and the spatial evolution law of surface deformation is analyzed by combining the coal mining map and the macroscopic deformation data collected. The time and space evolution stage of the surface deformation of mining area is judged.
3) study the simplified rectangular dislocation theoretical model based on the mechanism of coal mine collapse.
Based on Okada rectangular dislocation theory model, a reasonable geophysical inversion model, simplified rectangular dislocation model, is established according to the characteristics of coal mine collapse and the actual situation of coal mine excavation. The simplified rectangular dislocation model is used to invert the dislocation dislocation component of mining area collapse, and then the inversion dislocation component is simulated. Calculate the surface subsidence of mining area.
4) using geodetic inversion method to retrieve the dislocation components in mining subsidence.
Based on the simplified rectangular dislocation model and the leveling data, the least square linear inversion algorithm and the Monte Carlo nonlinear inversion algorithm are used to invert the dislocation tension component of a coal mine in Fengcheng, and the collapse trend in the mining process is obtained.
5) InSAR monitoring data combined with simplified dislocation model for inversion of coal mine subsidence parameters.
The cumulative subsidence of the subsidence funnel B and D in about one year was obtained by SBAS technique. Combined with the simplified rectangular dislocation model, the least square linear inversion algorithm and the Monte Carlo nonlinear inversion algorithm were used to invert the dislocation and dislocation components of the mining area respectively, and the inverted dislocation and dislocation components were simulated to calculate the mining area. Then the SBAS monitoring data inversion and the leveling monitoring data inversion are compared and analyzed, and the coal mining progress is analyzed based on the parameter inversion. The experimental results show that the simplified dislocation model combined with SBAS monitoring technology is feasible to invert the coal mine surface deformation.
【學位授予單位】：中南大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：P225;TD325.4
[Abstract]:Because of the natural conditions, most of the coal mining is underground mining. Excessive mining can easily destroy the local environment and even cause a variety of disasters, such as surface subsidence, surface water recharge and so on, which bring huge losses to the country and the local people. However, at present, China only rely on simple manual measurement to monitor the deformation of mining areas, surface vegetation and water system development. However, the surface subsidence phenomena in steep and steep mountain areas can not be effectively monitored, and the deformation trend and disaster prediction information in mining process are scarce.
This paper focuses on the method of monitoring coal mine area with InSAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry) technology and dislocation model. For large-scale deformation monitoring of InSAR technology, SBAS (Short Baseline Set) method is used to deal with the interference pairs satisfying a certain space-time baseline, which can effectively reduce the incoherence caused by space-time baseline. In order to improve the accuracy of D-InSAR results and improve the spatial and temporal resolution of deformation, a simplified post-displacement dislocation model based on vertical direction is studied for the dislocation model, which is a popular method in the study of geodetic deformation field.
The main research work is as follows:
1) using SBAS (small baseline) technology to obtain a time series settlement map of a coal mine in Fengcheng.
A mining area in Fengcheng City, Jiangxi Province, was selected as the experimental area. The differential interferometry was carried out on the acquired Japanese ALOS PALSAR data by using D-InSAR technology. The interferogram was generated by using the method of optimal fusion and linear direction window. The deformation field of the mining area in 2007-2008 was extracted. The data are processed and the settlement rate and cumulative settlement are estimated by the least square method. The time series settlement maps of each image at different times are obtained. The settlement rate and cumulative settlement are validated by the existing monitoring results (leveling data) in the study area.
2) analysis of temporal and spatial evolution of surface deformation in mining area based on InSAR monitoring technology
Combined with the conventional leveling monitoring data and the results of InSAR, the time evolution law of surface deformation caused by coal mining is analyzed. The evolution stage of surface deformation is predicted by the deformation time curve, and the spatial evolution law of surface deformation is analyzed by combining the coal mining map and the macroscopic deformation data collected. The time and space evolution stage of the surface deformation of mining area is judged.
3) study the simplified rectangular dislocation theoretical model based on the mechanism of coal mine collapse.
Based on Okada rectangular dislocation theory model, a reasonable geophysical inversion model, simplified rectangular dislocation model, is established according to the characteristics of coal mine collapse and the actual situation of coal mine excavation. The simplified rectangular dislocation model is used to invert the dislocation dislocation component of mining area collapse, and then the inversion dislocation component is simulated. Calculate the surface subsidence of mining area.
4) using geodetic inversion method to retrieve the dislocation components in mining subsidence.
Based on the simplified rectangular dislocation model and the leveling data, the least square linear inversion algorithm and the Monte Carlo nonlinear inversion algorithm are used to invert the dislocation tension component of a coal mine in Fengcheng, and the collapse trend in the mining process is obtained.
5) InSAR monitoring data combined with simplified dislocation model for inversion of coal mine subsidence parameters.
The cumulative subsidence of the subsidence funnel B and D in about one year was obtained by SBAS technique. Combined with the simplified rectangular dislocation model, the least square linear inversion algorithm and the Monte Carlo nonlinear inversion algorithm were used to invert the dislocation and dislocation components of the mining area respectively, and the inverted dislocation and dislocation components were simulated to calculate the mining area. Then the SBAS monitoring data inversion and the leveling monitoring data inversion are compared and analyzed, and the coal mining progress is analyzed based on the parameter inversion. The experimental results show that the simplified dislocation model combined with SBAS monitoring technology is feasible to invert the coal mine surface deformation.
【學位授予單位】：中南大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：P225;TD325.4
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