【摘要】：人類在生存和發(fā)展的過(guò)程中需要大量的各種各樣的資源，其中最為重要的基礎(chǔ)資源之一便是土地。日益提高的人類的生活需求及社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的快速發(fā)展與進(jìn)步推動(dòng)著土地利用/覆被狀況發(fā)生相應(yīng)的劇烈變化，因而區(qū)域生態(tài)環(huán)境效應(yīng)也會(huì)發(fā)生巨大的變化。擁有健康生態(tài)功能的土地系統(tǒng)可以充分的保障區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)的穩(wěn)定與安全，同時(shí)健康的土地生態(tài)功能與整個(gè)國(guó)家的經(jīng)濟(jì)、政治、國(guó)防安全和人民的生存安全密切相關(guān)。將土地利用/覆被變化與區(qū)域生態(tài)安全看做一個(gè)有機(jī)結(jié)合的整體并將其進(jìn)行整合研究是目前區(qū)域生態(tài)安全響應(yīng)研究的主要熱點(diǎn)之一。 本文依托水利部“黃河三角洲水資源優(yōu)化配置與適應(yīng)性管理技術(shù)研究”(200801026)”重大公益項(xiàng)目，本文選擇黃河三角洲所在的典型市域——東營(yíng)市為研究區(qū)域。東營(yíng)市處于山東市北部，處于大氣、河流、陸地、海洋的交接帶上，兼有工業(yè)型城市、生態(tài)型城市和農(nóng)業(yè)型城市的共同特點(diǎn)，同時(shí)也是典型的生態(tài)過(guò)渡帶；特別的，東營(yíng)市作為黃河三角洲的重要組成部分和黃河入�？诘乃诘�，其生態(tài)與環(huán)境狀況直接關(guān)系到整個(gè)黃河三角洲地區(qū)，，乃至對(duì)整個(gè)山東省產(chǎn)生巨大影響。因此，東營(yíng)市的土地利用生態(tài)安全研究具有典型的示范意義，因此，研究東營(yíng)市的土地利用生態(tài)安全對(duì)研究區(qū)的生態(tài)建設(shè)和可持續(xù)發(fā)展、以及黃河三角洲高效生態(tài)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展有著較大的指導(dǎo)意義。 本文收集了1992年、2000年和2010年3期LANDSAT TM/ETM遙感影像、DEM數(shù)據(jù)、監(jiān)測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)和部分經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)，系統(tǒng)分析了東營(yíng)市的生態(tài)環(huán)境特點(diǎn)，通過(guò)“面向?qū)ο蟮倪b感影像分類+人機(jī)交互目視解譯”的方法得到了東營(yíng)市近20年來(lái)的3期土地利用/覆被變化圖，監(jiān)測(cè)了20年來(lái)的研究區(qū)土地變化趨勢(shì)并定性定量分析了東營(yíng)市土地利用變化驅(qū)動(dòng)力、土地利用程度、生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)功能、土地利用風(fēng)險(xiǎn)程度等土地利用基本情況的時(shí)空變化，并且，參考國(guó)內(nèi)外的研究成果，建立基于了“壓力-狀態(tài)-響應(yīng)”的土地生態(tài)安全評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)層次結(jié)構(gòu)模型，構(gòu)建了土地生態(tài)安全評(píng)價(jià)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)，利用層次分析法和Gis中的圖層疊加分析方法進(jìn)行組合賦權(quán)，利用綜合評(píng)分法數(shù)學(xué)模型，以30m×30m柵格為評(píng)價(jià)單元，對(duì)研究區(qū)的土地生態(tài)安全狀況進(jìn)行現(xiàn)狀評(píng)價(jià)。本文的主要研究結(jié)論如下： 1.在深入分析研究區(qū)各種數(shù)據(jù)資料及實(shí)地野外調(diào)研的基礎(chǔ)上，總結(jié)了研究區(qū)的土地利用生態(tài)環(huán)境特點(diǎn)：自然條件的多樣性、迅猛的人口增長(zhǎng)及城鎮(zhèn)化進(jìn)城、城市發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略等因子的深深的影響著東營(yíng)市土地利用結(jié)構(gòu)的變化。 2.1992-2010年?yáng)|營(yíng)市各類用地面積所占的比重變化較大，耕地是主要土地利用類型，面積最小的是林地。20年間研究區(qū)土地利用結(jié)構(gòu)變化總體上表現(xiàn)為建筑工礦用地的擴(kuò)展明顯，且主要占用其周邊耕地；但與此同時(shí)，有較大面積的草地、未利用地被開墾為耕地，因此監(jiān)測(cè)期內(nèi)耕地在數(shù)量上保持相對(duì)穩(wěn)定；鹽田蝦塘對(duì)未利用地、灘涂等類型占用較多；水域在分布上部分自然坑塘因人類活動(dòng)消失的同時(shí)，有較多水庫(kù)水面建成，因此總面積略有上升；林地面積略有上升。不同縣（市、區(qū)）的各地類面積及變化存在較大的的差別。研究區(qū)的生態(tài)服務(wù)價(jià)值及土地利用風(fēng)險(xiǎn)程度成加速惡化趨勢(shì)，濕地面積的減少對(duì)研究區(qū)生態(tài)環(huán)境惡化值起到至關(guān)重要的作用。 3.2010年?yáng)|營(yíng)市土地利用生態(tài)安全由北向南成遞減趨勢(shì)，土地利用安全程度排名為：河口區(qū)墾利縣利津縣東營(yíng)區(qū)廣饒縣。這種現(xiàn)象主要是因?yàn)闁|營(yíng)市北部土地利用類型多樣，且自然濕地資源豐富，既有森林、草地、湖泊等自然濕地，建立了面積廣大的自然保護(hù)區(qū)，也有大量鹽田蝦塘、水庫(kù)等生態(tài)服務(wù)功能價(jià)值高、土地利用風(fēng)險(xiǎn)小的人工地類，由中部的黃河三角州沖擊平原及黃河作為生態(tài)屏障，靠近北部渤海灣，污染代謝較快，因而黃河北部區(qū)的土地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)較健康；主要由于東營(yíng)市南部亦是黃河南部，此地區(qū)由于土地利用類型較之北部地區(qū)較為簡(jiǎn)單，經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)達(dá)，以大面積的工農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)為主，建筑工礦用地及耕地遍布，生態(tài)脆弱性高，加之自然條件惡劣，氣候極為干燥，灌溉面積及水網(wǎng)密度較小，因此生態(tài)安全狀況較東營(yíng)市北部地區(qū)明顯差。研究區(qū)南部和北部的差異也符合東營(yíng)市的主要的自北向南逐漸由濕潤(rùn)沿海區(qū)過(guò)渡到內(nèi)陸平原干旱區(qū)的自然地域分異規(guī)律及自北向南經(jīng)濟(jì)日益發(fā)達(dá)的人文社會(huì)分異規(guī)律。
[Abstract]:In the process of human survival and development, a large number of various resources are needed, one of the most important basic resources is land. Increasing demand for human life and the rapid development and progress of social economy promote the corresponding drastic changes in land use/cover conditions, so the regional ecological environment effects will also be. Great changes have taken place. The land system with healthy ecological functions can fully guarantee the stability and security of regional economy and society. At the same time, the healthy ecological functions of land are closely related to the economic, political, national defense security and people's survival security of the whole country. It is one of the main research hotspots of regional ecological security response to study the integration and integration of machine-based integration.
In this paper, relying on the major public welfare project of the Ministry of Water Resources "Research on Optimal Allocation and Adaptive Management of Water Resources in the Yellow River Delta" (200801026), Dongying City, a typical city of the Yellow River Delta, is selected as the research area. Dongying City is located in the north of Shandong Province, in the junction of atmosphere, river, land and ocean, and has both industries. As an important part of the Yellow River Delta and the location of the Yellow River estuary, Dongying City's ecological and environmental conditions have a direct bearing on the entire Yellow River Delta region and even on the entire Shandong Province. Therefore, the study on ecological security of land use in Dongying City is of typical demonstration significance. Therefore, the study on ecological security of land use in Dongying City is of great guiding significance to the ecological construction and sustainable development of the study area, as well as the development of efficient ecological economy in the Yellow River Delta.
This paper collects the LANDSAT TM/ETM remote sensing images, DEM data, monitoring data and some economic and social statistics data in 1992, 2000 and 2010. It systematically analyzes the ecological environment characteristics of Dongying City. Through the method of "Object-Oriented Remote Sensing Image Classification + Human-Computer Interactive Visual Interpretation", it obtains three land benefits of Dongying City in the past 20 years. The land change trend in the study area in the past 20 years was monitored by using the land cover change map. The spatial and temporal changes of the driving forces of land use change, the degree of land use, the ecosystem services and the degree of land use risk in Dongying City were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. The hierarchical structure model of land ecological security evaluation index based on force-state-response was established. The land ecological security evaluation database was constructed. The combination of the hierarchical analysis method and the layer superposition analysis method in Gis was used to assign weight. The mathematical model of comprehensive evaluation method was used to evaluate the land ecological security status in the study area. The evaluation unit was the 30m 30m grid. The main conclusions of this paper are as follows:
1. On the basis of in-depth analysis of various data and field investigation, this paper summarizes the characteristics of land use ecological environment in the study area: the diversity of natural conditions, rapid population growth and urbanization into the city, urban development strategy and other factors have a profound impact on the change of land use structure in Dongying City.
2. From 1992 to 2010, the proportion of various land use areas in Dongying City changed greatly, cultivated land was the main land use type, and the smallest area was woodland. The cultivated land was reclaimed as cultivated land, so the amount of cultivated land remained relatively stable during the monitoring period; the shrimp ponds in salt field occupied more unused land, beach and other types; part of the natural pit ponds in the distribution disappeared due to human activities, while more reservoirs were built, so the total area increased slightly; the forest land area increased slightly. The ecological service value and the degree of land use risk in the study area are becoming worse and worse. The decrease of wetland area plays an important role in the deterioration of ecological environment in the study area.
3. The ecological security of land use in Dongying City declined from north to south in 2010. The land use security ranked as follows: Guangrao County, Dongying District, Lijin County, Kenli County, Hekou District. A large area of nature reserves, there are also a large number of saline shrimp ponds, reservoirs and other high value of ecological services, land use risk is small artificial land types, from the central Yellow River Delta impact plain and Yellow River as an ecological barrier, near the northern Bohai Bay, pollution metabolism is faster, so the land ecosystem in the northern Yellow River region is relatively healthy; Because the southern part of Dongying City is also the southern part of the Yellow River, the land use type in this area is simpler than that in the northern part, the economy is developed, the large area of industrial and agricultural production is the main, the construction and mining land and arable land are all over, the ecological vulnerability is high, and the natural conditions are bad, the climate is extremely dry, the irrigation area and the density of water network is small, so the ecology The difference between the South and the north of the study area also conforms to the natural and social differentiation law of Dongying city from the north to the South and gradually from the humid coastal area to the inland plain arid area.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：P208;P237;X826

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本文編號(hào)：2201851