【摘要】：目前,地理信息科學(xué)正從傳統(tǒng)的強(qiáng)調(diào)信息表達(dá)逐步發(fā)展到關(guān)注信息變化的過程,了解、展現(xiàn)、分析與地理事件相關(guān)的自然、社會(huì)對象在地理信息系統(tǒng)內(nèi)的相互作用機(jī)制,有利于準(zhǔn)確把握事件的狀態(tài)和發(fā)展特征。特別是近10年來,地理空間數(shù)據(jù)在數(shù)量上有了持續(xù)和快速的增長,質(zhì)量上也穩(wěn)步提高,但由于不同政府部門對地理空間信息的應(yīng)用不同,用戶認(rèn)知程度不一,以及所使用的數(shù)學(xué)基礎(chǔ)、分類方法、概念模型等多樣性,沒有一套行之有效的標(biāo)準(zhǔn),造成不同用戶對地理空間信息的獲取、理解和共享產(chǎn)生困難。例如,不同類型的信息缺乏融合和語義關(guān)聯(lián),異構(gòu)的應(yīng)用程序常引起語義沖突,難以圍繞需求進(jìn)行組織,無法從應(yīng)用服務(wù)系統(tǒng)中直接獲取相關(guān)的地理空間信息。用戶要經(jīng)常在多源、異構(gòu)的應(yīng)用服務(wù)系統(tǒng)中反復(fù)操作,導(dǎo)致獲取信息的過程相對繁瑣、復(fù)雜,檢索效率低,檢索精度和查全率很難得到保證,而且信息服務(wù)個(gè)性化支持能力較弱,共享程度不高,這些問題己對地理信息服務(wù)形成一個(gè)顯著的挑戰(zhàn),而傳統(tǒng)地理本體在解決這些問題時(shí)卻力所不及,其所用的概念模型在語義表達(dá)方面能力有限。 針對傳統(tǒng)地理本體在此方面研究的不足,本文引入地理事件這一術(shù)語,并與地理本體相結(jié)合,提出面向地理事件的地理本體概念。此處的地理事件是事件的一種子類,是在地理空間領(lǐng)域中發(fā)生的自然、社會(huì)、經(jīng)濟(jì)等各種現(xiàn)象的總稱,是對地理對象發(fā)生、發(fā)展及其過程的表達(dá)。面向地理事件的地理本體是地理本體的一個(gè)子集,是把與地理事件相關(guān)的知識(shí)、信息和數(shù)據(jù)抽象成一個(gè)個(gè)具有共識(shí)的地理對象,并按照一定的邏輯關(guān)系組成體系,同時(shí)進(jìn)行概念化處理和明確的定義,然后以形式化的方式進(jìn)行表達(dá),最終服務(wù)于地理信息檢索、共享和其它服務(wù)。面向事件的地理本體以地理事件相關(guān)信息組織為核心,既可以有效地解決傳統(tǒng)方式中處理地理事件空間位置時(shí)的不明確性,又可以實(shí)現(xiàn)地理事件相關(guān)信息的自動(dòng)組織,以及針對不同用戶的個(gè)性化服務(wù)。它可以對地理事件這一更復(fù)雜、更高層次的概念進(jìn)行有效的語義描述和表達(dá),為地理信息服務(wù)領(lǐng)域研究提供了一種新的契機(jī)和有效切入點(diǎn)。 研究面向地理事件的的地理本體構(gòu)建技術(shù)和方法,不僅可以拓展傳統(tǒng)地理本體理論和技術(shù)研究范疇,彌補(bǔ)后者在構(gòu)建研究方面的不足,而且可以廣泛應(yīng)用于應(yīng)急和突發(fā)事件管理、地理國情普查和監(jiān)測、城鎮(zhèn)發(fā)展和規(guī)劃等領(lǐng)域的信息管理、檢索和共享服務(wù),在處理突發(fā)應(yīng)急災(zāi)害事件、提高政府部門輔助決策、推動(dòng)地理空間信息深層次、大眾化應(yīng)用方面具有重要理論與應(yīng)用價(jià)值。以地震災(zāi)害應(yīng)急服務(wù)為例,通過將面向地震災(zāi)害事件的地理本體理論、技術(shù)與政府地理信息系統(tǒng)等地理信息技術(shù)相結(jié)合,在對災(zāi)害對象分析的基礎(chǔ)上,確定災(zāi)害領(lǐng)域的概念以及概念之間的關(guān)系,創(chuàng)建面向?yàn)?zāi)害事件的地理本體,通過形式化方式表達(dá),以便計(jì)算機(jī)能夠理解所描述的知識(shí),并由已知知識(shí)和關(guān)系得出潛在的、隱含的知識(shí),這對于構(gòu)建防災(zāi)減災(zāi)、突發(fā)應(yīng)急災(zāi)害事件處理等應(yīng)用服務(wù)系統(tǒng),提高政府部門輔助決策,有著重要的、積極的意義。 本文在研究過程中首先對現(xiàn)有地理本體的概念、構(gòu)建理論、邏輯模型、構(gòu)建方法等內(nèi)容進(jìn)行分析研究、總結(jié)、概括,并針對當(dāng)前地理本體構(gòu)建理論的不足,提出面向地理事件、以任務(wù)為紐帶的地理本體構(gòu)建方法,充分顧及和描述地理事件及其內(nèi)部間的相互關(guān)系,尤其是地理空間關(guān)系。在研究過程中,本文以在政府領(lǐng)導(dǎo)部門日常運(yùn)行的大型電子政務(wù)信息系統(tǒng)“空間信息系統(tǒng)”為試驗(yàn)平臺(tái),從其地理空間數(shù)據(jù)庫中提取政務(wù)信息數(shù)據(jù)(包括地理空間數(shù)據(jù)、災(zāi)害專題數(shù)據(jù)),建立與地理本體數(shù)據(jù)的映射關(guān)系,以地震災(zāi)害事件為例,通過在文中所描述的地理本體構(gòu)建理論和方法指導(dǎo)下,構(gòu)建面向地震災(zāi)害事件的地理本體,建立省、市、縣多級地理本體實(shí)例,實(shí)現(xiàn)地理空間、經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會(huì)等多源空間信息、專題信息的集成和表達(dá),以期在現(xiàn)有本體理論和技術(shù)條件下有所突破,最終提高地理空間信息的組織方式和服務(wù)質(zhì)量。最后,在應(yīng)用服務(wù)系統(tǒng)環(huán)境中實(shí)現(xiàn)地理本體的應(yīng)用,并對所建地理本體進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證和完善。
[Abstract]:At present, geographic information science is gradually developing from the traditional emphasis on information expression to the process of attention to information change. Understanding, exhibition, analysis and interaction mechanism of natural and social objects in geographic information systems are conducive to accurately grasping the state and development characteristics of events. There has been a sustained and rapid growth in quantity and a steady improvement in quality. However, due to the different application of geospatial information by different government departments, different users'perceptions, as well as the diversity of mathematical basis, classification methods and conceptual models used, there is no set of effective standards, resulting in different users' geospatial information. Information acquisition, understanding and sharing are difficult. For example, different types of information lack fusion and semantic association, heterogeneous applications often cause semantic conflicts, difficult to organize around requirements, and unable to obtain relevant geospatial information directly from application service systems. Re-operation results in the relatively complicated process of obtaining information, the low efficiency of retrieval, the difficult guarantee of retrieval accuracy and recall rate, and the weak ability of personalized support and the low degree of sharing of information services. These problems have posed a significant challenge to geographic information services, but the traditional geographic ontology is able to solve these problems. The conceptual model used is limited in semantic expression.
In view of the insufficiency of traditional geographic ontology research in this respect, this paper introduces the term of geographic event, and combines it with geographic ontology to put forward the concept of geographic ontology oriented to geographic events. Geo-ontology is a subset of geo-ontology, which abstracts knowledge, information and data related to geo-events into common geo-objects, and composes a system according to certain logical relations, and conceptualizes and defines them clearly. Event-oriented geo-ontology takes the organization of geo-event-related information as its core, which can not only effectively solve the ambiguity of traditional methods in dealing with the spatial location of geo-events, but also realize the automation of geo-event-related information. It can effectively describe and express the more complex and higher-level concept of geographic events, and provide a new opportunity and an effective entry point for the research of geographic information services.
Research on geographic event-oriented geo-ontology construction technology and methods can not only expand the traditional geo-ontology theory and technology research areas, make up for the latter in the construction of research deficiencies, but also can be widely used in emergency and emergency management, geographical survey and monitoring of national conditions, urban development and planning and other fields of information management. It has important theory and application value in dealing with emergent disaster events, improving the assistant decision-making of government departments, promoting the deep-seated and popular application of geospatial information. Based on the analysis of disaster objects, the concept of disaster field and the relationship between concepts are determined, and the geographic ontology oriented to disaster events is created. By means of formal expression, the knowledge described can be understood by computers, and the latent and implicit knowledge can be obtained from the known knowledge and relationship. It is of great and positive significance to construct disaster prevention and mitigation, emergency disaster management and other application service systems, and to improve the assistant decision-making of government departments.
Firstly, this paper analyzes and studies the concepts, theories, logical models and methods of geo-ontology construction, summarizes and summarizes, and proposes a geo-ontology construction method based on geo-event and task, which takes full account of and describes geo-events and geo-ontology. In the course of the research, this paper takes the large-scale E-government information system "spatial information system" which runs daily in the leading departments of the government as the experimental platform to extract the government information data (including geospatial data, disaster thematic data) from its geospatial database, and establishes the model with The mapping relation of geo-ontology data is taken as an example. Under the guidance of the theory and method of geo-ontology construction described in this paper, the geo-ontology oriented to earthquake disaster events is constructed, and the multi-level geo-ontology examples of provinces, cities and counties are established. The integration and integration of geo-spatial, economic and social multi-source spatial information and thematic information are realized. Finally, the application of geo-ontology in the application service system environment is realized, and the geo-ontology is verified and perfected.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：武漢大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：P208
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本文編號：2187152