【摘要】：目前三維激光掃描的精度研究主要集中在儀器測(cè)角測(cè)距精度及建模模型本身精度等的研究,為獲得三維激光掃描技術(shù)地表變形監(jiān)測(cè)的實(shí)際精度,指導(dǎo)地表變形監(jiān)測(cè)方案設(shè)計(jì),本文選取了平坦的水泥地、基本平坦的草地、有一定坡度的草地和山坡4種不同地形的實(shí)驗(yàn)場(chǎng)地,應(yīng)用三維激光掃描儀獲取其地表點(diǎn)云數(shù)據(jù),利用基于克里金法規(guī)則格網(wǎng)DEM模型建模,研究了點(diǎn)云密度、設(shè)站距離、噪聲、地形復(fù)雜程度對(duì)地表建模后沉降精度的影響。論文的主要研究成果如下:(1)數(shù)據(jù)處理結(jié)果表明,點(diǎn)云密度對(duì)沉降精度的影響并不明顯,設(shè)站距離是影響精度的主導(dǎo)因素;通過在原始點(diǎn)云數(shù)據(jù)中引入高程隨機(jī)誤差模擬噪聲對(duì)沉降精度的影響,可用于指導(dǎo)選取合適的點(diǎn)云去噪方法;利用曲率定量分析了地形復(fù)雜程度對(duì)沉降精度的影響,可用于判斷儀器是否滿足監(jiān)測(cè)精度要求。(2)結(jié)合礦區(qū)地表沉降監(jiān)測(cè)精度及點(diǎn)云去噪要求,研究了各實(shí)驗(yàn)場(chǎng)地最大設(shè)站距離與點(diǎn)云密度之間的關(guān)系;分析出實(shí)測(cè)建模后沉降精度一般情況下能達(dá)到儀器高程理論精度,最優(yōu)地表建模后沉降精度可達(dá)到亞毫米級(jí)。(3)綜合本文研究成果,將噪聲對(duì)沉降精度的影響控制在1mm之內(nèi),在判斷出儀器能滿足測(cè)量精度要求的前提下,根據(jù)最大設(shè)站距離與點(diǎn)云密度的關(guān)系選取合適的設(shè)站距離,適當(dāng)減小掃描點(diǎn)云密度節(jié)省外業(yè)測(cè)量時(shí)間,可用于指導(dǎo)設(shè)計(jì)最經(jīng)濟(jì)的地表變形監(jiān)測(cè)方案。
[Abstract]:At present, the research on the accuracy of 3D laser scanning is mainly focused on the precision of measuring angle and ranging of instruments and the precision of the modeling model itself. In order to obtain the actual accuracy of the 3D laser scanning technology for monitoring the surface deformation, the design of the monitoring scheme of the surface deformation is guided. In this paper, four kinds of experimental sites of different terrain, such as flat concrete land, basically flat grassland, grasslands with certain slope and hillside, are selected, and the surface point cloud data are obtained by using 3D laser scanner. The effects of point cloud density, station distance, noise and terrain complexity on the settlement accuracy after surface modeling were studied by using DEM model based on Kriging rule grid. The main research results are as follows: (1) the data processing results show that the point cloud density has no obvious effect on the settlement accuracy, and the station distance is the dominant factor; By introducing elevation random error into the original point cloud data to simulate the effect of noise on settlement accuracy, it can be used to guide the selection of appropriate point cloud denoising method, and quantitatively analyze the influence of terrain complexity on settlement accuracy by means of curvature quantitative analysis. It can be used to determine whether the instrument can meet the monitoring accuracy requirements. (2) the relationship between the maximum station distance and the point cloud density of each experimental site is studied in combination with the monitoring accuracy of ground subsidence and the point cloud denoising requirement. It is found that the precision of settlement after modeling can reach the theoretical precision of instrument elevation in general, and the precision of settlement after optimal surface modeling can reach sub-millimeter level. (3) based on the research results of this paper, the influence of noise on settlement accuracy is controlled within 1mm. On the premise of judging that the instrument can meet the requirement of measuring precision, according to the relationship between the maximum station distance and the point cloud density, the appropriate station setting distance is selected, and the scanning point cloud density is reduced appropriately to save the outfield measurement time. It can be used to guide the design of the most economical surface deformation monitoring program.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)礦業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：P225.2;P642.26

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本文編號(hào)：2171027