【摘要】：改革開放三十多年以來,隨著經(jīng)濟社會的快速發(fā)展,產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)不合理,城鄉(xiāng)發(fā)展不平衡,同時資源短缺,環(huán)境污染等問題日益嚴重。這些問題要求我們加快開展地理國情監(jiān)測,為促進社會全面協(xié)調(diào)可持續(xù)地科學發(fā)展提供真實可靠和權(quán)威的地理國情信息。因此為了全面掌握我國的地理國情現(xiàn)狀,科學制定國家發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略與規(guī)劃,2013年2月28日,國務院下發(fā)了《關(guān)于開展第一次全國地理國情普查的通知》,這是我國首次開展的全國性地理信息普查。本文在此次全國地理國情普查的基礎(chǔ)上,以四川省資陽市某縣為例,進行3S(GIS、RS、GNSS)技術(shù)在國情普查信息采集中的應用研究,主要研究內(nèi)容如下。(1)根據(jù)地理國情普查定義和普查內(nèi)容要求,對地理國情普查資料進行收集、整合,并對各資料的使用原則進行闡述。其中地理國情普查資料主要包括影像資料,基礎(chǔ)地理信息資料和專業(yè)資料。(2)針對地理國情要素屬性更新要求與研究區(qū)國情要素屬性數(shù)據(jù)的特點,提出了借助ArcEngine平臺實現(xiàn)屬性自動更新的方法,包括開發(fā)平臺的選擇、相似線的判斷、屬性自動更新等過程。其中相似線判斷是本方法的重點,主要包含了5種不同相似情況,通過建立規(guī)則逐層篩選,最終得到唯一的相似線,從而實現(xiàn)屬性自動更新。(3)通過對研究區(qū)地形、地貌和現(xiàn)有數(shù)據(jù)狀況的分析,結(jié)合地表覆蓋分類的要求,探討了基于面向?qū)ο蠓诸愅恳暯庾g相結(jié)合的半自動分類方法。包括影像分割、自動分類和后期修改與編輯等。重點闡述了研究區(qū)影像分割的尺度選擇,自動分類中的層次建立、特征獲取、樣本采集等。最后將分類結(jié)果進行精度驗證,表明此方法是可行的。通過本文的研究表明,3S技術(shù)綜合集成應用在地理國情普查中有著重要的基礎(chǔ)和技術(shù)支撐作用。在地理國情普查過程中,科學地運用3S技術(shù),能實現(xiàn)一定程度的國情數(shù)據(jù)采集自動化,大大的減少了人工工作量,提高了國情普查工作的效率;同時提出一套可行的地理國情普查信息采集技術(shù)路線,對今后地理國情可持續(xù)監(jiān)測也具有一定的技術(shù)參考價值。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up for more than 30 years, with the rapid development of economy and society, the industrial structure is unreasonable, the development of urban and rural areas is not balanced, and the problems such as shortage of resources and environmental pollution are becoming more and more serious. These problems require us to speed up the development of geographical situation monitoring, to promote the overall coordinated and sustainable scientific development of society to provide true, reliable and authoritative geographic information. Therefore, in order to comprehensively understand the current situation of our country's geographical situation, and scientifically formulate the national development strategy and plan, on February 28, 2013, The State Council has issued the Circular on the first National Geographic National Survey, which is the first nationwide geographic information survey in China. On the basis of the national geographical situation survey, taking a county in Ziyang City, Sichuan Province as an example, this paper studies the application of 3s (GIS-RS _ (GNSS) technology in the information collection of the national situation census. The main research contents are as follows: (1) according to the definition and requirements of the census of geographical conditions, the data of the census of geographical conditions are collected and integrated, and the principles of the use of the data are expounded. The general survey data of geographical conditions mainly include image data, basic geographic information data and professional data. (2) aiming at the requirement of updating the attributes of geographical national factors and the characteristics of the attribute data of national conditions in the study area, This paper presents a method of automatic attribute updating with the help of ArcEngine platform, including the selection of development platform, the judgment of similarity lines, the automatic updating of attributes and so on. The judgment of similar lines is the focus of this method, which mainly includes five different similar cases. By establishing rules to filter through layer by layer, the unique similar lines are finally obtained. (3) by means of terrain of the study area, the attributes can be automatically updated. Based on the analysis of geomorphology and existing data and the requirements of land cover classification, a semi-automatic classification method based on object oriented classification and visual interpretation is discussed. Including image segmentation, automatic classification and post-revision and editing. In this paper, the scale selection of image segmentation, the establishment of hierarchy in automatic classification, feature acquisition, sample collection and so on are discussed. Finally, the accuracy of the classification results is verified, which shows that this method is feasible. Through the research in this paper, it is shown that the application of integrated technology in the field of geographical situation survey plays an important role in the foundation and technical support. In the process of geography national situation census, using 3s technology scientifically can realize the automation of data collection in a certain degree, greatly reduce the workload of labor and improve the efficiency of the census of national conditions. At the same time, this paper puts forward a set of feasible technical route of GIS census information collection, which also has certain technical reference value for the sustainable monitoring of geographical situation in the future.
【學位授予單位】：成都理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：P208;P228.4;P237

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