本文選題：SRTM + DEM�。� 參考：《南京師范大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：DEM作為地學分析的輸入數(shù)據(jù),其精度制約了分析結果的精度,影響著決策的可靠性,因此,DEM的精度評價是地學分析的重要研究內容之一。SRTM DEM和ASTER GDEM具有高精度、高分辨率和開放訪問的特點,是目前應用最廣泛的DEM數(shù)據(jù)。諸多學者對其精度進行評價,但多集中在中小區(qū)域、典型地形區(qū),尚未對我國區(qū)域的SRTM DEM和ASTER GDEM精度評價和誤差空間分布展開研究。本文以GLA14高程為假定真值,統(tǒng)計分析SRTM DEM和ASTER GDEM誤差在地形因子(坡度、坡向)、地表特征(土地覆蓋類型、最大植被覆蓋率)、特征地形要素(山脊線、山谷線)影響下的分布規(guī)律,運用等經(jīng)緯度法,研究SRTMDEM和ASTER GDEM誤差在我國陸地區(qū)域的空間分布特征,運用等面積法和半方差分析法,研究SRTM DEM和ASTER GDEM誤差的空間變化情況。主要研究內容和成果如下:1) SRTM DEM和ASTER GDEM誤差在我國陸地區(qū)域的空間分布特征。SRTM DEM誤差在地勢平坦區(qū)呈菱形分布,在地勢復雜區(qū)與地形有較強的相關性。ASTER GDEM誤差呈條帶狀分布,條帶方向為東北-西南向,與地形相關性較弱。2)地表特征對SRTM DEM和ASTER GDEM誤差分布的影響。本文選取土地覆蓋類型和最大植被覆蓋率等地表特征數(shù)據(jù),研究其對DEM誤差分布的影響。結果表明,SRTM DEM和ASTER GDEM誤差在不同土地覆蓋類型的分布有較大差異,與最大植被覆蓋率有一定的相關性。3)地形結構對SRTM DEM和ASTER GDEM誤差分布的影響。從坡度、坡向、山脊線、山谷線等地形信息,討論其對DEM誤差分布的影響。結果表明:SRTMDEM和ASTERGDM誤差分布與坡度、坡向、距離谷脊線的距離有較強的相關性。SRTM DEM和ASTER GDEM誤差隨著坡度的增大逐漸增大,二者在坡向、距離谷脊線的距離的分布規(guī)律相反。4) SRTMDEM和ASTER GDEM誤差的空間變異規(guī)律。研究軌道運行方向、陸地生態(tài)類型和植被覆蓋程度對SRTM DEM和ASTER GDEM誤差空間變化的影響。結果表明:SRTM DEM和ASTER GDEM誤差的半變異值均隨著距離的增大而增大。依據(jù)穩(wěn)定時的半變異值將陸地生態(tài)類型劃分為高、中、低三類,每類的陸地生態(tài)類型相同。同一陸地生態(tài)類型低植被覆蓋的SRTM DEM和ASTER GDEM誤差空間變化程度大于高植被覆蓋。5)對比分析SRTMDEM和ASTERGDEM誤差的空間分布特征。從誤差分布規(guī)律、誤差空間分布、誤差空間變異規(guī)律三個方面對比分析二者的誤差空間分布特征。雖然SRTMDEM和ASTERGDEM誤差空間分布特征有差異,但SRTM DEM和ASTERGDEM誤差分布規(guī)律和空間變異情況相似。同等條件下,SRTM DEM誤差比ASTER GDEM小,空間變化程度也較小。
[Abstract]:Dem, as the input data of geoscience analysis, its precision restricts the accuracy of analysis results and affects the reliability of decision making. Therefore, the accuracy evaluation of Dem is one of the important research contents of geoscience analysis. SRTM Dem and ASTER gem have high accuracy. The characteristics of high resolution and open access are the most widely used Dem data. Many scholars have evaluated the accuracy of SRTM Dem and ASTER GDEM, but most of them are concentrated in the small and medium area and typical terrain area. The accuracy evaluation and error spatial distribution of SRTM Dem and ASTER GDEM in our country have not been studied. Taking the GLA14 elevation as the assumed true value, the errors of SRTM Dem and ASTER GDEM are statistically analyzed in terms of terrain factors (slope, slope direction), surface features (land cover type, maximum vegetation coverage), and characteristic terrain elements (ridge line). Under the influence of valley line, the spatial distribution characteristics of SRTMDEM and ASTER GDEM errors in the land area of China are studied by using the method of equal longitude and latitude, and the spatial variation of the errors of SRTM Dem and ASTER gem is studied by using equal area method and semi-variance analysis method. The main contents and results are as follows: 1) the spatial distribution characteristics of SRTM Dem and ASTER GDEM errors in the land area of China. SRTM Dem errors are rhomboid in the flat terrain, and there is a strong correlation between the SRTM Dem error and the terrain in the complex terrain. The direction of the strip is northeast to southwest, and the correlation with topography is weak. 2) the influence of surface features on the error distribution of SRTM Dem and ASTER gem. In this paper, the influence of land cover type and maximum vegetation cover on Dem error distribution is studied. The results show that the distribution of SRTM Dem and ASTER GDEM errors in different land cover types is quite different, and there is a certain correlation between SRTM Dem and ASTER GDEM error distribution, and there is a certain correlation between SRTM Dem and ASTER GDEM error distribution. (3) the influence of terrain structure on SRTM Dem and ASTER GDEM error distribution. From the topographic information of slope, slope direction, ridge line and valley line, the influence of Dem error distribution is discussed. The results show that there is a strong correlation between the error distribution of 1: SRTMDEM and ASTERGDM and the slope, direction, and distance from the valley ridge. The error of SRTM Dem and ASTER GDEM increases with the increase of slope, and they are in the slope direction. The spatial variation of SRTMDEM and ASTER gem errors is opposite to that of valley ridge. The effects of orbit direction, terrestrial ecological types and vegetation coverage on the spatial variation of SRTM Dem and ASTER GDEM errors were studied. The results show that the semi-variances of the error of the two components increase with the increase of the distance. The terrestrial ecological types are divided into three types: high, middle and low, according to the semi-variation values of the stable ones, and the terrestrial ecological types of each type are the same. The spatial variation of SRTM Dem and ASTER GDEM errors in the same terrestrial ecological type was larger than that of high vegetation cover (5. 5) the spatial distribution characteristics of SRTMDEM and ASTERGDEM errors were compared and analyzed. The characteristics of error spatial distribution are compared and analyzed from three aspects: error distribution law, error spatial distribution and error spatial variation law. Although the spatial distribution characteristics of SRTMDEM and ASTERGDEM are different, the distribution of SRTM Dem and ASTERGDEM error is similar to the spatial variation. Under the same conditions, the error of SRTM Dem is smaller than that of ASTER gem, and the spatial variation is smaller.
【學位授予單位】：南京師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：P208

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