發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-07-09 22:30

  本文選題：地形特征點(diǎn) + 關(guān)鍵地形數(shù)據(jù)點(diǎn)��； 參考：《沈陽(yáng)工業(yè)大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：地理信息系統(tǒng)的顯示已經(jīng)開(kāi)始從二維符號(hào)向三維圖形轉(zhuǎn)化。三維地理信息系統(tǒng)能夠在空間進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)的分析和管理，能夠以人的視角來(lái)模擬、分析、管理和表示真實(shí)的空間事物，可以使人們能夠和更加真實(shí)的模擬三維世界進(jìn)行各種交互。但是，，網(wǎng)絡(luò)三維地理信息系統(tǒng)除了包含符號(hào)描述的地理信息還涉及到大量的描述地理信息的柵格數(shù)據(jù)，其中大量的三維地形數(shù)據(jù)是地理信息顯示的基礎(chǔ)，因此大量的三維地形數(shù)據(jù)在網(wǎng)絡(luò)三維地理信息系統(tǒng)中的傳輸就成為一個(gè)主要問(wèn)題。 通過(guò)對(duì)基于格網(wǎng)的模型簡(jiǎn)化技術(shù)的研究，發(fā)現(xiàn)在三維地形數(shù)據(jù)中有一些關(guān)鍵的數(shù)據(jù)點(diǎn)，它們?cè)诟窬W(wǎng)簡(jiǎn)化時(shí)起了重要作用。因此，把模型簡(jiǎn)化思想運(yùn)用到三維地形數(shù)據(jù)的傳輸，即把關(guān)鍵的數(shù)據(jù)點(diǎn)提取出來(lái)傳輸?shù)娇蛻舳�，在客戶端恢�?fù)三維地形數(shù)據(jù)，再建立三維模型。因此本文主要研究了如何提取關(guān)鍵的三維地形數(shù)據(jù)點(diǎn)，以及依據(jù)這些數(shù)據(jù)點(diǎn)如何近似還原的三維地形數(shù)據(jù)并生成三維地形。 關(guān)鍵的三維地形數(shù)據(jù)點(diǎn)包括三維地形模型中描述地形特征，如山峰、山谷點(diǎn)、山脊點(diǎn)、洼地點(diǎn)、鞍部點(diǎn)等地形特征的數(shù)據(jù)點(diǎn)；以及對(duì)地表形態(tài)有較大影響作用的重要地形數(shù)據(jù)點(diǎn)。針對(duì)地形特征點(diǎn)采用基于坡度和曲率的方法進(jìn)行提��；對(duì)地形起伏變化有較大影響的重要地形點(diǎn)，依據(jù)用坡度、坡度變化率，采用典型的基于最大坡降的算法和基于差分的算法分別進(jìn)行重要地形數(shù)據(jù)點(diǎn)的提取，并對(duì)以上兩種算法進(jìn)行了討論和分析。 由于DEM描述的三維地形數(shù)據(jù)是基于規(guī)則網(wǎng)格數(shù)據(jù)，因此在客戶端依據(jù)插值算法可以計(jì)算出未被提取的網(wǎng)格數(shù)據(jù)點(diǎn)的高程實(shí)現(xiàn)三維地形數(shù)據(jù)的還原，建立三維地形模型。因?yàn)椴捎蒙鲜龅囊幌盗兴惴▽?shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)地形數(shù)據(jù)的提取和還原是有損的，所以針對(duì)還原后的數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行誤差分析。最終通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證了該算法的可行性。
[Abstract]:The display of GIS has begun to transform from two-dimensional symbols to three-dimensional graphics. 3D GIS can analyze and manage the data in space, simulate, analyze, manage and express the real spatial things from the perspective of human, and enable people to interact with more realistic simulation of 3D world. However, Web 3D GIS not only contains symbolic description of geographic information, but also involves a large number of grid data describing geographic information, in which a large amount of 3D terrain data is the basis of geographic information display. Therefore, the transmission of a large amount of 3D terrain data in the network 3D GIS becomes a major problem. Based on the research of model simplification technology based on grid, it is found that there are some key data points in 3D terrain data, which play an important role in mesh simplification. Therefore, the idea of model simplification is applied to the transmission of 3D terrain data, that is, the key data points are extracted and transmitted to the client, the 3D terrain data is recovered at the client side, and the 3D model is established. Therefore, this paper mainly studies how to extract the key 3D terrain data points, and how to approximate restore the 3D terrain data and generate 3D terrain data according to these data points. The key 3D terrain data points include the data points which describe the terrain features in the 3D terrain model, such as mountain peak, valley point, ridge point, depression point, saddle point and so on. And the important topographic data points which have great influence on the surface morphology. The method based on slope and curvature is used to extract the topographic feature points, and the important terrain points which have great influence on the variation of topographic undulation, according to the slope, the rate of slope change, The typical algorithms based on the maximum slope gradient and the algorithm based on difference are used to extract the important topographic data points, and the above two algorithms are discussed and analyzed. Because the 3D terrain data described by Dem is based on regular grid data, the elevation of unextracted grid data points can be calculated on the client side according to the interpolation algorithm, and the 3D terrain model can be established. Because it is harmful to use the above algorithms to extract and restore the topographic data, the error analysis of the restored data is carried out. Finally, the feasibility of the algorithm is verified by experiments.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：沈陽(yáng)工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：P208

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