本文選題：不均勻地面沉降 + 永久散射體干涉測(cè)量��； 參考：《首都師范大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：地面沉降是地面高程下降的一種環(huán)境地質(zhì)現(xiàn)象,會(huì)造成永久性的環(huán)境資源損失。自上世紀(jì)60年代北京發(fā)現(xiàn)地面沉降起,平原地區(qū)一直呈現(xiàn)快速發(fā)展趨勢(shì)。北京平原區(qū)發(fā)生地面沉降的原因主要是地下資源尤其是地下水超量開(kāi)采,然而,隨著近年來(lái)城市建設(shè)的快速發(fā)展,高層和超高層建筑物等靜載荷、軌道交通等形成的動(dòng)載荷的急劇增加,在一定程度上加劇北京區(qū)域地面沉降。北京不同區(qū)域內(nèi)地下水開(kāi)采量不同,加之建筑群體及軌道交通等分布存在差異,導(dǎo)致區(qū)域不均勻地面沉降的發(fā)生。不均勻地面沉降不僅會(huì)導(dǎo)致建筑物基底失衡,誘使建筑物倒塌,亦可造成線(xiàn)性軌道交通、地下管線(xiàn)的損壞,帶來(lái)嚴(yán)重的經(jīng)濟(jì)損失,影響著人民生產(chǎn)、生活安全。然而,目前專(zhuān)門(mén)針對(duì)不均勻地面沉降進(jìn)行的研究還處于探索階段,且大多以目視為主。 信息熵為離散隨機(jī)事件的出現(xiàn)概率,用以描述物質(zhì)運(yùn)動(dòng)的無(wú)序度和混亂度,可以作為研究區(qū)域地面沉降差異性的指標(biāo)。信息熵越小,說(shuō)明區(qū)域中地面沉降速率相對(duì)集中,且偏差較小,地面沉降的不均勻性較弱；反之,信息熵較大,則說(shuō)明區(qū)域內(nèi)地面沉降速率相對(duì)分散,區(qū)域內(nèi)部差異性較大,系統(tǒng)較為復(fù)雜,地面沉降的不均勻程度比較高。某區(qū)域熵值從0到最大的過(guò)程,事實(shí)上就是該區(qū)域沉降不均勻程度增大的過(guò)程。 本文以北京平原典型區(qū)域作為研究區(qū),采用PS-InSAR技術(shù),獲取區(qū)域地面沉降監(jiān)測(cè)信息,初步分析地面沉降的空間分布特征。在此基礎(chǔ)上,以鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)為單位,結(jié)合信息熵理論定量分析北京典型沉降區(qū)的不均勻地面沉降分布特征,取得了如下結(jié)論： (1)利用PS-InSAR技術(shù),獲取了北京地面沉降監(jiān)測(cè)信息(2010～2013),分析結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),地面沉降最嚴(yán)重的地區(qū)為朝陽(yáng)區(qū)和通州區(qū)臺(tái)湖鎮(zhèn),最大沉降速率分別為77.69mm/a和76.1mm/a。 (2)在利用PS-InSAR技術(shù)獲取北京平原區(qū)地面沉降信息的基礎(chǔ)上,對(duì)地面沉降數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行分類(lèi),經(jīng)過(guò)計(jì)算得到各鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)的地面沉降信息熵。結(jié)果表明,朝陽(yáng)區(qū)的信息熵較大,為3.02bit,說(shuō)明該地區(qū)地面沉降的不均勻程度較高,通州的信息熵相對(duì)較小,為2.69bit,說(shuō)明不均勻程度降相對(duì)較低。北京不均勻地面沉降的研究結(jié)果具有一定的理論和實(shí)際意義,為進(jìn)一步控制和防治地面沉降提供科學(xué)依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:Ground subsidence is an environmental geological phenomenon of ground elevation decline, which will cause a permanent loss of environmental resources. Since the ground subsidence was found in Beijing in the 60s of last century, the plain area has been developing rapidly. The reasons of ground subsidence in the Beijing plain are mainly underground resources, especially groundwater overexploitation, however, along with it, In recent years, the rapid development of urban construction, the rapid increase of dynamic load, such as high and super high-rise buildings, such as static load, rail traffic and so on, aggravates the ground subsidence in Beijing area to a certain extent. The water exploitation in different regions of Beijing is different, and the distribution of building group and rail traffic is different, which leads to regional uneven distribution. Ground subsidence occurs. Uneven ground subsidence will not only lead to the imbalance of the building base, induce the collapse of the building, but also cause the linear rail traffic, the damage of the underground pipeline, the serious economic loss, the people's production and the safety of life. However, the research on the uneven ground settlement is still in the exploration order at present. And most of them are visual.
Information entropy is the probability of occurrence of discrete random events, which can be used to describe the disorder degree and confusion of material movement, which can be used as an indicator of the difference of ground subsidence in the region. The smaller the entropy, the relative concentration of ground subsidence rate in the region is relatively small and the inhomogeneity of ground subsidence is weak. Conversely, the information entropy is larger, then the area is illustrated. The land subsidence rate in the region is relatively scattered, the internal differences in the region are large, the system is more complex and the uneven degree of the ground subsidence is relatively high. The process of the entropy value from 0 to the maximum in a certain region is in fact the process of increasing the uneven settlement of the region.
Taking the typical area of Beijing plain as research area, this paper uses PS-InSAR technology to obtain regional ground subsidence monitoring information and preliminarily analyses the spatial distribution characteristics of ground subsidence. On this basis, the characteristics of uneven ground settlement distribution in typical subsidence areas of Beijing are quantitatively analyzed with the information entropy theory, and the following results have been obtained. On:
(1) using PS-InSAR technology, the ground subsidence monitoring information of Beijing (2010~2013) is obtained. The analysis results show that the most serious ground subsidence areas are Chaoyang District and Taihu town in Tongzhou District, and the maximum settlement rate is 77.69mm/a and 76.1mm/a., respectively.
(2) on the basis of using PS-InSAR technology to obtain the ground subsidence information in the Beijing plain area, the ground subsidence data are classified and the information entropy of the land subsidence in each township is calculated. The results show that the information entropy of Chaoyang District is large, which is 3.02bit, which indicates that the uneven degree of ground subsidence in this area is high and the information entropy of Tongzhou is relatively small. For 2.69bit, it shows that the degree of uneven reduction is relatively low. The research results of uneven ground subsidence in Beijing have some theoretical and practical significance, and provide a scientific basis for further control and control of ground subsidence.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：首都師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：P225.1;P642

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