本文選題：GPS + 差分GPS��； 參考：《杭州電子科技大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：GPS定位技術(shù)的飛速發(fā)展,使得它在很多領(lǐng)域都因其獨(dú)特的優(yōu)點(diǎn)而得到廣泛應(yīng)用。在一些實(shí)際的工程測(cè)繪應(yīng)用中,GPS以其高精度、智能化、全天候等特點(diǎn)有著十分廣闊的前景。本文以GPS技術(shù)為背景,詳細(xì)分析了GPS定位系統(tǒng)的工作原理和誤差源,深入研究了差分G PS技術(shù)以及其在高層建筑中的應(yīng)用,如測(cè)定高層建筑的垂線偏差中,通過(guò)實(shí)際應(yīng)用利用AR M開(kāi)發(fā)板對(duì)GPS芯片的數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行采集,采用多組平均法解決了求解基站之間基線長(zhǎng)度的問(wèn)題。本文首先介紹了GPS系統(tǒng)的結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)成,分析了GPS系統(tǒng)的通信基礎(chǔ)GPS信號(hào)的構(gòu)成,即載波、偽碼和數(shù)據(jù)碼。接著詳細(xì)地分析了GPS定位工作原理,分別對(duì)偽距測(cè)量定位和載波相位測(cè)量進(jìn)行了研究;并且對(duì)影響GPS定位的誤差源進(jìn)行了深入的探討,例如大氣層延時(shí)誤差和多路徑效應(yīng)誤差等等。其次本文詳細(xì)介紹了差分GPS的定位技術(shù),研究了差分GPS在實(shí)際應(yīng)用中構(gòu)成的系統(tǒng):局域差分系統(tǒng)和廣域差分系統(tǒng)。并且分析了GPS精密定位的關(guān)鍵:載波相位測(cè)量中周整模糊度的確定。分析和研究了兩種確定周整模糊度的算法:偽距求整法和LAMBDA算法。本文還討論了在高層建筑中GPS系統(tǒng)的應(yīng)用,研究了兩種測(cè)后數(shù)據(jù)處理的方法,加權(quán)平均和線性內(nèi)插法,取得了不錯(cuò)的效果。接著探討了GPS定位技術(shù)在實(shí)際工程中的一項(xiàng)運(yùn)用:利用GPS測(cè)量垂線偏差,推導(dǎo)了整個(gè)過(guò)程,得到了基線長(zhǎng)度和偏差分量角誤差的關(guān)系,并在最后一章的實(shí)際應(yīng)用中解決了求解基線長(zhǎng)度的問(wèn)題。最后本文設(shè)計(jì)了一款基于ARM開(kāi)發(fā)板的GPS數(shù)據(jù)采集系統(tǒng),以及一款基于QT的軟件操作界面,對(duì)GPS模塊串口傳輸?shù)臄?shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行采集、分割、轉(zhuǎn)換、顯示、存儲(chǔ),本實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)了不同的實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)照組進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)采集為之前的理論提供基礎(chǔ),通過(guò)坐標(biāo)系轉(zhuǎn)換解決了求解兩個(gè)基站之間的基線長(zhǎng)度的問(wèn)題。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of GPS positioning technology, it has been widely used in many fields because of its unique advantages. In some practical engineering surveying and mapping applications, GPS has a very broad prospect because of its high precision, intelligence, all-weather and so on. In this paper, the working principle and error source of GPS positioning system are analyzed in detail, and the differential GPS technology and its application in high-rise building are studied in detail, such as measuring the vertical deviation of high-rise building. The data of GPS chip is collected by using AR M development board, and the problem of calculating the baseline length between base stations is solved by using multi-group averaging method. In this paper, the structure of GPS system is introduced, and the structure of GPS signal is analyzed, which is carrier, pseudo-code and data code. Then, the working principle of GPS positioning is analyzed in detail, and the pseudo-range measurement and carrier phase measurement are studied, and the error sources that affect GPS positioning are discussed. For example, atmospheric delay error and multipath effect error and so on. Secondly, the positioning technology of differential GPS is introduced in detail, and the local differential system and wide area differential system are studied. The key of GPS precise positioning is the determination of cycle ambiguity in carrier phase measurement. This paper analyzes and studies two algorithms to determine the integer ambiguity: pseudo-range integer method and Lambda algorithm. This paper also discusses the application of GPS system in high-rise buildings, and studies two methods of post-test data processing, weighted average and linear interpolation, and obtains good results. Then the application of GPS positioning technology in practical engineering is discussed: the whole process is deduced by using GPS to measure the vertical deviation, and the relation between the baseline length and the angle error of the deviation component is obtained. The problem of solving the baseline length is solved in the practical application of the last chapter. Finally, this paper designs a GPS data acquisition system based on arm development board, and a software operating interface based on QT to collect, partition, convert, display and store the data transmitted by serial port of GPS module. In this experiment, different experimental control groups are designed to collect data to provide the basis for the previous theory, and the problem of solving the baseline length between two base stations is solved through coordinate system transformation.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：杭州電子科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TU198;P228.4

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本文編號(hào)：2090812