本文選題：GPS + 海潮模型　； 參考：《武漢大學(xué)》2014年博士論文

【摘要】：以GPS (Global Positioning system)為代表的現(xiàn)代空間定位技術(shù)手段的蓬勃發(fā)展和廣泛應(yīng)用,近20年來(lái)積累了大量的寶貴原始觀測(cè)數(shù)據(jù),也為大地測(cè)量和地球物理等地學(xué)研究領(lǐng)域開辟了廣闊的前景。高精度和高可靠性的GPS數(shù)據(jù)處理結(jié)果是地學(xué)研究的基礎(chǔ),海潮負(fù)荷位移改正對(duì)提高GPS估計(jì)精度已經(jīng)得到了廣泛的共識(shí),也為GPS坐標(biāo)時(shí)間序列研究中剝離海潮負(fù)荷效應(yīng)影響提供了有效途徑,同時(shí)利用GPS坐標(biāo)時(shí)間序列分析可以檢驗(yàn)海潮負(fù)荷模型的精度和適應(yīng)性。因此在GPS精密測(cè)量中研究海潮負(fù)荷效應(yīng)對(duì)大地測(cè)量和地球物理學(xué)研究獲取準(zhǔn)確的幾何和物理信息具有重要的理論意義和參考價(jià)值。 本文系統(tǒng)地闡述了GPS精密測(cè)量中海潮負(fù)荷效應(yīng)在國(guó)內(nèi)外的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀和趨勢(shì),分析了海潮負(fù)荷影響GPS精密測(cè)量的各個(gè)關(guān)鍵環(huán)節(jié),著重研究了不同海潮負(fù)荷模型位移改正對(duì)GPS坐標(biāo)精密定位的修正效果,建立了海潮負(fù)荷位移和天頂對(duì)流層延遲(ZTD)估計(jì)精度的變化特征關(guān)系,深入分析了未模型化的海潮負(fù)荷位移傳播到GPS高程時(shí)間序列的混疊信號(hào)的周期變化特征。主要研究?jī)?nèi)容和成果如下： (1)系統(tǒng)研究了海洋潮汐和海潮負(fù)荷的理論基礎(chǔ),介紹了海洋潮汐產(chǎn)生的引潮位理論以及海洋潮汐的調(diào)和展開,給出了海洋潮汐和海潮負(fù)荷分析方法的詳細(xì)表達(dá)式。 (2)系統(tǒng)研究了非差精密單點(diǎn)定位所涉及的基本理論,包括各種GPS時(shí)間系統(tǒng)及相互轉(zhuǎn)化關(guān)系、各種GPS坐標(biāo)系統(tǒng)及相互轉(zhuǎn)化關(guān)系、基本觀測(cè)方程和參數(shù)估計(jì)模型,針對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)處理過程中的誤差項(xiàng),著重分析了非差精密單點(diǎn)定位主要誤差源和改正模型及方法。 (3)利用全球海潮模型FES2004的M2分潮波深入研究了我國(guó)海域的海潮空間特征分布,得出我國(guó)海域的M2分潮振幅主要分布為：較小振幅的南海區(qū)域,較大振幅的渤海、黃海和東海區(qū)域以及大陸近海岸的異常區(qū)域。在此研究基礎(chǔ)上,給出了我國(guó)陸海全區(qū)域的海潮負(fù)荷位移三維坐標(biāo)分量,海潮負(fù)荷的垂向位移分量為水平位移分量的3～4倍,同時(shí)在沿海陸地和近海海洋區(qū)域海潮位移變化較大。通過7種全球海潮模型分析了不同海潮負(fù)荷位移在我國(guó)不同區(qū)域范圍內(nèi)的影響差異,結(jié)果顯示近海區(qū)域的不同海潮負(fù)荷位移的均方根誤差較大,間接證明了全球海潮模型在我國(guó)近海區(qū)域精度具有較低的精度。 (4)針對(duì)我國(guó)及周邊地區(qū)的13個(gè)IGS站,分別采用全球海潮模型和經(jīng)近海海潮模型修正的全球海潮模型計(jì)算及分析了各測(cè)站的海潮負(fù)荷位移,并利用GPS實(shí)測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)研究了海潮負(fù)荷對(duì)單天解和短時(shí)段周期解的精度影響。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明局部近海海潮模型和全球海潮模型相應(yīng)區(qū)域的精度相當(dāng),計(jì)算的海潮負(fù)荷位移未引起明顯的差異。對(duì)于GPS單天解精密定位結(jié)果,從整體上各海潮負(fù)荷位移對(duì)測(cè)站坐標(biāo)沒有影響,但是在局部沿海地區(qū)測(cè)站的垂向坐標(biāo)存在差異；對(duì)于GPS短周期精密定位,海潮負(fù)荷位移改正對(duì)我國(guó)沿海地區(qū)測(cè)站的精度能夠提高2.5mm。 (5)深入分析了利用映射函數(shù)和水平梯度模型進(jìn)行GPS天頂對(duì)流層延遲估計(jì)的精度,結(jié)果顯示選用GMF映射函數(shù)會(huì)比NMF映射函數(shù)從整體上提高了ZTD估計(jì)精度。在低高度角和氣象變化劇烈條件下,施加水平梯度改正也能提高ZTD估計(jì)精度。研究了ZTD與海潮負(fù)荷位移的關(guān)系,通過解算結(jié)果確定了在我國(guó)及周邊地區(qū)的IGS站的海潮負(fù)荷位移垂向分量與ZTD變化具有顯著的線性對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系,同時(shí)二者的比例因子在2-5范圍內(nèi)變化。為了滿足GPS氣象學(xué)應(yīng)用PWV值優(yōu)于1mm的精度要求,特別是在沿海地區(qū)必須要顧及海潮負(fù)荷效應(yīng)的作用對(duì)ZTD估計(jì)偏差的影響。 (6)系統(tǒng)研究了GPS高程時(shí)間序列的長(zhǎng)周期混疊信號(hào)傳播機(jī)制,確定了未建模的海潮負(fù)荷位移造成我國(guó)及周邊地區(qū)8個(gè)測(cè)站的GPS高程時(shí)間序列長(zhǎng)周期混疊信號(hào)周期和振幅分布特征,發(fā)現(xiàn)混疊信號(hào)主要集中于約14天、半年和周年周期,未建模的海潮負(fù)荷垂向位移引起GPS高程時(shí)間序列的混疊信號(hào)振幅能達(dá)到海潮負(fù)荷高程分量振幅的12%,而未建模的海潮負(fù)荷水平位移引起GPS高程時(shí)間序列的混疊信號(hào)振幅最大達(dá)到海潮負(fù)荷水平分量振幅的100%,同時(shí)基于未建模海潮負(fù)荷三維分量相對(duì)于未建模海潮負(fù)荷高程分量的GPS高程時(shí)間序列的頻譜振幅和周期發(fā)生了明顯變化,分析表明即使水平負(fù)荷位移量值很小,但是對(duì)于GPS高程時(shí)間序列混疊周期信號(hào)頻譜特征解釋具有不可忽視的作用。提出了通過GPS高程時(shí)間序列的頻譜分析,利用特定頻率的振幅峰值評(píng)估不同海潮模型的相對(duì)精度特征,為海潮負(fù)荷模型定量分析提供了簡(jiǎn)明的評(píng)估手段。
[Abstract]:The rapid development and extensive application of modern spatial positioning technology, represented by GPS (Global Positioning system), have accumulated a large amount of precious original observation data in the past 20 years, and have opened up a broad prospect for Geodesy and geophysics research fields. The results of high precision and high reliability GPS data processing are Geosciences. On the basis of the research, the correction of sea tide load displacement has been widely agreed to improve the GPS estimation precision, and it also provides an effective way for removing the effect of sea tide load effect in the GPS coordinate time series study. At the same time, the accuracy and adaptability of the tidal load model can be tested by the GPS coordinate time series analysis. Therefore, the precision measurement of the sea tide load model can be obtained by the GPS precision measurement. The study of ocean tide loading effect has important theoretical significance and reference value for obtaining accurate geometric and physical information in Geodesy and geophysics research.
This paper systematically expounds the current development status and trend of sea tide load effect in GPS precision measurement both at home and abroad, analyzes the key links of the sea tide load affecting the precision measurement of GPS, and focuses on the correction effect of the displacement correction of different tidal load models on the precision positioning of the GPS coordinates, and establishes the tidal load displacement and the zenith troposphere. The variation characteristics of the delay (ZTD) estimation precision are analyzed, and the periodic variation characteristics of the unmodeled sea tide load displacement propagating to the GPS elevation time series are analyzed. The main research contents and results are as follows:
(1) the theoretical basis of ocean tides and tidal loads is systematically studied. The tidal potential theory of ocean tides and the harmonic expansion of ocean tides are introduced. The detailed expressions of the analysis methods of ocean tides and tidal loads are given.
(2) the basic theory of non differential precision single point positioning is systematically studied, including various GPS time systems and mutual transformation relations, various GPS coordinate systems and mutual transformation relations, basic observation equations and parameter estimation models. In view of the error items in the process of data processing, the main error sources and changes of the non differential precision single point positioning are analyzed. Positive model and method.
(3) using the M2 tidal wave of the global sea tide model FES2004 to study the spatial characteristics of the sea tide in the sea area of China, it is concluded that the amplitude of the M2 tide is mainly distributed in the smaller amplitude of the South China Sea region, the larger amplitude of Bohai, the the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea region and the anomalous region of the Continental Coast. The three-dimensional coordinate component of the tidal load displacement in the whole region of the land and sea, the vertical displacement component of the sea tide load is 3~4 times the horizontal displacement component, and the tidal displacement of the coastal land and the coastal sea area changes greatly. The difference of the influence of the different tidal load position shift in different regions of China is analyzed by the 7 kinds of global tidal models. The results show that the root mean square error of the sea tide load displacement in the coastal area is large, which indirectly proves that the global sea tide model has a lower precision in the coastal area of China.
(4) according to the 13 IGS stations in China and the surrounding areas, the global tidal model and the global tidal model modified by the coastal sea tide model are used to calculate and analyze the tidal load displacement of each station, and the effect of the tidal load on the accuracy of the single day solution and the short-time Duan Zhou phase solution is studied by using the measured data of the GPS. The experimental results show that the local coastal waters are near the sea. The accuracy of the sea tide model and the corresponding region of the global sea tide model is equal, and the calculated sea tide load displacement does not cause significant difference. For the precision positioning results of GPS single day solution, the overall sea tide load displacement has no influence on the station coordinates, but the vertical coordinates of the stations in the local coastal areas are different, and for the short period precision of the GPS. Positioning and tidal load displacement correction can improve the accuracy of stations in China's coastal areas by 2.5mm.
(5) the accuracy of the GPS zenith tropospheric delay estimation using the mapping function and the horizontal gradient model is deeply analyzed. The results show that the GMF mapping function will improve the accuracy of the ZTD estimation from the NMF mapping function as a whole. The application of the horizontal gradient correction can also improve the ZTD estimation accuracy under the low altitude angle and the severe weather change. The relationship between the ZTD and the load displacement of the sea tide is obtained. Through the calculation, the linear corresponding relation between the vertical component of the tidal load displacement and the change of the ZTD in the IGS station in China and its surrounding area is determined. At the same time, the proportion factor of the two is changed within the range of 2-5. In order to meet the precision requirements of the application of the PWV value to the GPS meteorology, the PWV value is superior to the 1mm, especially in the application. Coastal area must take into account the effect of ocean tide loading effect on ZTD estimation bias.
(6) the long period aliasing signal propagation mechanism of the GPS height time series is systematically studied, and the period and amplitude distribution characteristics of the long period aliasing signal of the GPS elevation time series in China and the surrounding area are determined by the unmodeled sea tide load displacement. It is found that the aliasing signal is mainly concentrated on about 14 days, half a year and the annual cycle, and it is not modeled. The vertical displacement of the sea tide load causes the amplitude of the mixed signal of the GPS elevation time series to reach 12% of the amplitude of the tidal load elevation, while the unmodeled sea tide load horizontal displacement causes the maximum amplitude of the GPS elevation time series to reach 100% of the sea tide load horizontal component amplitude, and it is based on the unmodeled tidal load three-dimensional load. The spectral amplitude and cycle of the GPS elevation time series with respect to the unmodeled tidal load height components have changed obviously. The analysis shows that even if the horizontal load displacement value is very small, it has an unnegligible effect on the spectrum characteristic interpretation of the GPS elevation time series mixed cycle signal. It is proposed through the GPS elevation time sequence. The spectrum analysis of the column is used to evaluate the relative accuracy characteristics of different sea tide models by using the peak amplitude of the specific frequency, which provides a concise evaluation method for the quantitative analysis of sea tide load model.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：武漢大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：P228.4;P731.2

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 周旭華,吳斌,李軍;高精度大地測(cè)量中的海潮位移改正[J];測(cè)繪學(xué)報(bào);2001年04期

2 鄭yN,伍吉倉(cāng),王解先,劉妙龍,顧國(guó)華;海潮模型和格林函數(shù)對(duì)海潮位移改正的影響[J];大地測(cè)量與地球動(dòng)力學(xué);2002年04期

3 張良鏡;金雙根;張騰宇;;用GPS和衛(wèi)星重力觀測(cè)估計(jì)地表形變的季節(jié)性變化[J];大地測(cè)量與地球動(dòng)力學(xué);2012年02期

4 張雙成;張鵬飛;范朋飛;;GPS對(duì)流層改正模型的最新進(jìn)展及對(duì)比分析[J];大地測(cè)量與地球動(dòng)力學(xué);2012年02期

5 周江存;孫和平;;近海潮汐效應(yīng)對(duì)測(cè)站位移的負(fù)荷影響[J];地球物理學(xué)進(jìn)展;2007年05期

6 郗欽文,侯天航;新的引潮位完全展開[J];地球物理學(xué)報(bào);1987年04期

7 郗欽文;精密引潮位展開及某些詮釋[J];地球物理學(xué)報(bào);1991年02期

8 王敏;沈正康;董大南;;非構(gòu)造形變對(duì)GPS連續(xù)站位置時(shí)間序列的影響和修正[J];地球物理學(xué)報(bào);2005年05期

9 郗欽文;;不同規(guī)格化的引潮位展開及其轉(zhuǎn)換[J];地球物理學(xué)報(bào);2007年01期

10 閆昊明;陳武;朱耀仲;張為民;鐘敏;劉根友;;溫度變化對(duì)我國(guó)GPS臺(tái)站垂直位移的影響[J];地球物理學(xué)報(bào);2010年04期

，

本文編號(hào)：2052678