本文選題：永久散射體探測(cè) + 差分干涉合成孔徑雷達(dá)　； 參考：《遼寧工程技術(shù)大學(xué)》2013年博士論文

【摘要】：目前,永久散射體干涉合成孔徑雷達(dá)(Persistent Scatterer Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry, PSI)技術(shù)已成為國際雷達(dá)遙感界的研究熱點(diǎn)之一,在地表形變監(jiān)測(cè)方面已表現(xiàn)出極大的應(yīng)用潛力。從被提出至今,PSI技術(shù)在國內(nèi)的發(fā)展還不足14年,這段時(shí)間內(nèi)雖然有許多研究者對(duì)PSI技術(shù)進(jìn)行了大量的理論和實(shí)驗(yàn)研究,并取得了廣泛的應(yīng)用,但就地表形變監(jiān)測(cè)而言,PSI技術(shù)的應(yīng)用尚沒有進(jìn)入真正意義上的業(yè)務(wù)化運(yùn)行階段。主要受制于目前的SAR影像數(shù)據(jù)獲取困難,同時(shí)有些關(guān)鍵技術(shù)還有待進(jìn)一步改進(jìn)和完善,如永久散射體(Persistent Scatterer, PS)的有效識(shí)別與選取、干涉對(duì)的優(yōu)化組合方式和形變量的高精度估算等。論文以PSI技術(shù)為研究對(duì)象,旨在改善雷達(dá)干涉技術(shù)在區(qū)域地表形變監(jiān)測(cè)中的精度和可靠性。具體來說,研究內(nèi)容包括： 1、比較和分析了現(xiàn)有PSI技術(shù)在地表形變監(jiān)測(cè)方面的應(yīng)用中采用的數(shù)學(xué)模型和數(shù)值計(jì)算算法,對(duì)現(xiàn)有PSI技術(shù)監(jiān)測(cè)地表形變的實(shí)用化數(shù)據(jù)處理流程進(jìn)行了總結(jié)。 2、研究了PSI數(shù)據(jù)處理中所涉及的永久散射體識(shí)別與選取問題,形成了永久散射體識(shí)別與選取的實(shí)用化數(shù)據(jù)處理流程和方法,提出并實(shí)現(xiàn)了一種改進(jìn)的PS探測(cè)算法,最后利用實(shí)際的SAR影像進(jìn)行了有針對(duì)性的數(shù)值試驗(yàn),對(duì)該方法的有效性和可行性進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證,并在此基礎(chǔ)上,對(duì)PSI建模時(shí)采用的各相位分量的空間相關(guān)特性進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的分析。 3、時(shí)序SAR影像的干涉處理是PSI技術(shù)應(yīng)用于地表形變監(jiān)測(cè)的重要環(huán)節(jié)之一,而SAR影像的干涉組合方式直接影響著干涉相位的質(zhì)量。為了實(shí)現(xiàn)干涉對(duì)的優(yōu)化組合,論文在常用干涉組合方式的基礎(chǔ)上提出了一種新的干涉組合方式,即在考慮空間基線和時(shí)間基線閾值的同時(shí),考慮各干涉對(duì)的相位噪聲限制。結(jié)果表明,相比于已有的干涉組合方式,論文提出的干涉組合方式獲取的干涉對(duì)數(shù)量最少,PS個(gè)數(shù)最多,以水準(zhǔn)實(shí)測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行檢核,PSI年沉降速率中誤差為±3.89mm/yr,證實(shí)了該干涉組合方式的有效性和可靠性。 4、應(yīng)用高分辨率PSI技術(shù),以上海地區(qū)地表沉降為研究對(duì)象,開展了PSI在地表形變監(jiān)測(cè)中的應(yīng)用實(shí)驗(yàn)。結(jié)果表明：(1)研究區(qū)域內(nèi)最大沉降速率達(dá)-47mm/yr,平均沉降速率為-16.96mm/yr,地表沉降比較明顯；(2)在該階段存在3個(gè)明顯的沉降中心,即羅涇鎮(zhèn)、虹口足球場和閔行區(qū)；(3)現(xiàn)今上海地表沉降隨著城市建設(shè)的發(fā)展向南、西南、東南逐步擴(kuò)展；(4)水準(zhǔn)數(shù)據(jù)驗(yàn)證了監(jiān)測(cè)結(jié)果,精度可達(dá)±6mm/yr,表明PSI技術(shù)在地表形變監(jiān)測(cè)中的應(yīng)用是可靠的。
[Abstract]:At present, Persistent synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometric (PSIY) technology has become one of the research hotspots in the field of international radar remote sensing, and has shown great application potential in the field of surface deformation monitoring. PSI technology has been developed in China for less than 14 years since it was proposed. During this period, many researchers have done a lot of theoretical and experimental research on PSI technology, and have obtained extensive application. However, the application of PSI technology has not entered the operational stage in real sense in terms of surface deformation monitoring. At the same time, some key technologies need to be further improved and improved, such as the effective identification and selection of persistent scatterers (PSs). Optimal combination of interference pairs and high precision estimation of shape variables. In order to improve the accuracy and reliability of radar interferometry in regional surface deformation monitoring, PSI technology is taken as the research object in this paper. The main contents are as follows: 1. The mathematical models and numerical algorithms used in the application of PSI technology in surface deformation monitoring are compared and analyzed. The practical data processing flow of PSI technology for monitoring surface deformation is summarized. 2. The identification and selection of permanent scatterers involved in PSI data processing are studied. A practical data processing flow and method for the identification and selection of permanent scatterers is formed. An improved PS detection algorithm is proposed and implemented. Finally, a targeted numerical experiment is carried out using actual SAR images. The validity and feasibility of the method are verified. The spatial correlation characteristics of each phase component used in PSI modeling are analyzed in detail. 3. Interference processing of sequential SAR image is one of the most important links in the application of PSI technology to surface deformation monitoring. The interferometric combination of SAR images directly affects the quality of the interferometric phase. In order to realize the optimal combination of interference pairs, a new method of interference combination is proposed based on the common interference combination methods, that is, considering the threshold of spatial baseline and time baseline, the phase noise limitation of each interference pair is considered at the same time. The results show that the number of interference pairs obtained by the proposed interference combination method is the most than that of the existing interference combination method. The median error of annual settlement rate of PSI is 鹵3.89 mm / yr. the validity and reliability of the interference combination method are confirmed. 4. Using high resolution PSI technique, the ground subsidence in Shanghai area is taken as the research object. The application experiment of PSI in surface deformation monitoring is carried out. The results show that the maximum subsidence rate is -47 mm / yr, the average subsidence rate is -16.96 mm / yr, and the surface subsidence is obvious at this stage) there are three distinct subsidence centers in this stage, namely Luojing Town, Hongkou Football Field and Minhang District; (3) with the development of urban construction, the ground subsidence in Shanghai is gradually expanding to the south, southwest and southeast. The monitoring results are verified by the leveling data, and the accuracy can reach 鹵6mm / yr. it shows that the application of PSI technology in surface deformation monitoring is reliable.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：遼寧工程技術(shù)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：P225.2;P237

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