本文選題：大沽河流域 + 氮、磷、污染　； 參考：《江西理工大學》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著社會經(jīng)濟的快速發(fā)展和人類活動的強烈影響，流域生態(tài)環(huán)境問題日益嚴峻：河道斷流、湖泊萎縮、土壤侵蝕以及水污染等現(xiàn)象頻發(fā)，其中，水污染現(xiàn)象最為突出。尤其是近幾十年來，隨著工業(yè)排污的不斷加劇、農(nóng)施化肥量的逐漸攀升、禽畜養(yǎng)殖業(yè)的規(guī)�；a(chǎn)以及過度的土地利用和開發(fā)等，導致流域水環(huán)境中氮、磷污染現(xiàn)象越來越嚴重，已威脅到流域生態(tài)環(huán)境的發(fā)展。 大沽河是膠東半島最大的入海河流，每年攜帶入膠州灣的徑流量、泥沙量以及營養(yǎng)鹽負荷在所有入膠州灣河流中居首位。大沽河流域?qū)儆诘湫偷霓r(nóng)業(yè)流域，耕地面積大，農(nóng)施化肥量也相應較大；此外，流域內(nèi)城鎮(zhèn)及農(nóng)村居民的生活污水、廢水以及工業(yè)點源排污排廢等均加劇了水體氮、磷營養(yǎng)鹽污染。因此，對大沽河流域進行水環(huán)境營養(yǎng)鹽污染估算和評價具有很重要的現(xiàn)實意義。 本論文在RS和GIS技術支持下，對AnnAGNPS模型在大沽河流域的適用性進行了驗證，并利用驗證后的模型模擬了1998~2011年流域徑流量和可溶性氮負荷的輸出量，比較了不同土地利用結構下可溶性氮負荷的輸出量。在此基礎上，初步設計了大沽河流域氮、磷營養(yǎng)鹽污染負荷控制情景，并探討了控制營養(yǎng)鹽污染的對策。得出的主要結論有： (一)大沽河流域年徑流量模擬結果在校準期和驗證期的相對誤差、相關系數(shù)和Nash系數(shù)分別為：－16.8%、0.966、0.888和10.13%、0.765、0.554；月徑流量校準期和驗證期實測與模擬值之間的相對誤差、相關系數(shù)2和Nash系數(shù)分別為：－15.44%、0.655、0.651和10.85%、0.655、0.631，均符合水文模型模擬評價精度要求。月尺度可溶性氮負荷實測值與模擬值之間的三項精度評價指標分別為12.9%、0.983和0.668，表明模型能對大沽河流域可溶性氮營養(yǎng)鹽的輸出量進行估算。 (二)1998~2011年期間，，通過大沽河流域出水口排入膠州灣的年均徑流量為3.38×10~8m~3，總徑流量為47.33×10~8m~3；6~9月份為徑流量輸出的主要時段；徑流量與降水量之間存在一定的相關性：降水量越大，徑流輸出也越大。大沽河流域1998~2011年期間年均可溶性氮負荷的入海通量為4.266×10~3t�？扇苄缘摵傻妮敵隽颗c徑流及降水量具有較明顯的相關性。大沽河流域南部的可溶性氮、磷負荷量大于流域北部，萊西、萊陽以及膠州等人口居住相對較集中的地區(qū)的可溶性氮、磷負荷輸出量較大。且流域內(nèi)耕地地塊的可溶性氮負荷輸出量最大，居民地次之。 (三)適當減少化肥施用量能有效控制營養(yǎng)鹽輸出；對坡度大于5°的耕地實施退耕還林并不能顯著地降低營養(yǎng)鹽的流失和淋溶；合理休耕以及采取秸稈覆蓋耕作也不能顯著地降低可溶性氮的污染負荷。對于控制流域氮、磷污染，今后一方面應采取科學合理的施肥、耕作等制度，另一方面需制定切實可行的政策法規(guī)、加強環(huán)保宣傳，對流域管理進行長期的科學規(guī)劃，全面有效推動大沽河流域水環(huán)境的治理和保護。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of the social economy and the strong influence of human activities, the ecological environment problems of the river basin are becoming more and more serious, such as river drainage, Lake atrophy, soil erosion and water pollution, among which water pollution is the most prominent. Especially in recent decades, with the continuous intensification of industrial sewage, the fertilizer amount of agricultural application is increasing gradually. The scale production of livestock breeding and the excessive utilization and development of land have caused the pollution of nitrogen and phosphorus in the water environment of the river basin more and more seriously, which has threatened the development of the ecological environment in the basin.
The Dagu river is the largest river entry River in the Jiaodong peninsula. The runoff, sediment and nutrient load carried into the Jiaozhou Bay are the first in all the rivers in the Gulf of Jiaozhou. The Dagu River Basin belongs to the typical agricultural basin. The cultivated land is large and the fertilizer amount is correspondingly larger. In addition, the sewage of the urban and rural residents in the valley, Waste water and waste discharge from industrial point sources all aggravate the pollution of nitrogen and phosphorus in water. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to estimate and evaluate the pollution of water environment in the Dagu River Basin.
Under the support of RS and GIS technology, the applicability of the AnnAGNPS model in the Dagu River Basin was verified, and the output of the runoff and the soluble nitrogen load in 1998~2011 year was simulated by the verified model, and the output of the soluble nitrogen load under different land use structures was compared. On this basis, the preliminary design was made. The situation of nitrogen and phosphorus pollution load control in Gu River Basin was discussed, and the Countermeasures for controlling nutrient pollution were discussed.
(1) relative errors of the annual runoff simulation results in the Dagu river basin at the school quasi period and the verification period, the correlation coefficient and the Nash coefficient are: 16.8%, 0.966,0.888 and 10.13%, 0.765,0.554, the relative error between the calibration period of the monthly flow rate and the test period and the simulated value, the Relation Number 2 and the Nash coefficient are respectively - 15. 4 4%, 0.655,0.651 And 10.85%, 0.655,0.631, all meet the requirements of the hydrological model simulation evaluation accuracy. The three accuracy evaluation indexes between the measured and simulated values of the monthly scale soluble nitrogen load are 12.9%, 0.983 and 0.668 respectively, indicating that the model can estimate the output of the soluble nitrogen nutrients in the Dagu River Basin.
(two) during the period of 1998~2011, the annual average runoff of the Jiaozhou bay through the outlet of the Dagu River Basin was 3.38 * 10~8m~3, the total runoff was 47.33 x 10~8m~3, and the month of 6~9 was the main period of runoff output; there was a certain correlation between the runoff and the precipitation: the greater the precipitation, the greater the runoff output. The 1998~2011 of the Dagu River Basin. The annual total soluble nitrogen load of the annual total soluble nitrogen load of 4.266 x 10~3t. was significantly correlated with the runoff and precipitation. The soluble nitrogen and phosphorus load in the southern part of the Dagu River Basin was greater than that in the northern part of the river basin, and the soluble nitrogen and phosphorus in the relatively concentrated population in Laixi, Laiyang and Jiaozhou. The output of the load is large, and the output of soluble nitrogen load is the largest in the farmland and the second is in the residential area.
(three) proper reduction of fertilizer application can effectively control the output of nutrient salt; the implementation of returning farmland to forest over 5 degree slope can not significantly reduce the loss of nutrient salt and leaching, and the pollution load of soluble nitrogen can not be significantly reduced by rational repose and straw mulching cultivation. On the other hand, we should adopt scientific and rational fertilization and farming systems. On the other hand, we should formulate practical policies and regulations, strengthen environmental publicity, carry out long-term scientific planning for river basin management, and comprehensively and effectively promote the management and protection of the water environment in the Dagu River Basin.
【學位授予單位】：江西理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：X52;P208;X87

【參考文獻】

相關期刊論文 前10條

1 周靜波;張宗應;;我國水體富營養(yǎng)化的產(chǎn)生根源與治理對策[J];安徽農(nóng)業(yè)科學;2009年21期

2 徐新良,莊大方,賈紹鳳,胡云峰;GIS環(huán)境下基于DEM的中國流域自動提取方法[J];長江流域資源與環(huán)境;2004年04期

3 賴格英,于革;流域尺度的營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)輸移模型研究綜述[J];長江流域資源與環(huán)境;2005年05期

4 陳振樓,王東啟,許世遠,張興正,劉杰;長江口潮灘沉積物—水界面無機氮交換通量[J];地理學報;2005年02期

5 晏維金;;人類活動影響下營養(yǎng)鹽向河口/近海的輸出和模型研究[J];地理研究;2006年05期

6 程艷;毛戰(zhàn)坡;彭文啟;周懷東;;農(nóng)業(yè)流域營養(yǎng)鹽流失的關鍵因素及其防治途徑[J];環(huán)境科學與技術;2009年01期

7 趙永宏;鄧祥征;戰(zhàn)金艷;席北斗;魯奇;;我國湖泊富營養(yǎng)化防治與控制策略研究進展[J];環(huán)境科學與技術;2010年03期

8 張江山;楊芳;吳春山;郭樹宏;方楠;;降雨對山仔水庫典型樣地地表徑流氮磷營養(yǎng)鹽流失的影響[J];福建師范大學學報(自然科學版);2009年06期

9 金相燦;胡小貞;儲昭升;龐燕;;“綠色流域建設”的湖泊富營養(yǎng)化防治思路及其在洱海的應用[J];環(huán)境科學研究;2011年11期

10 張興昌,劉國彬,付會芳;不同植被覆蓋度對流域氮素徑流流失的影響[J];環(huán)境科學;2000年06期

本文編號：2018353