本文選題：GIS多尺度 + 空間索引��； 參考：《遼寧大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：目前，隨著GIS的不斷進(jìn)步，GIS已被廣泛應(yīng)用于國(guó)土管理、城市建設(shè)、交通運(yùn)輸?shù)缺姸囝I(lǐng)域，但是目前在GIS多尺度相關(guān)方面仍然存在著許多挑戰(zhàn)。尤其是GIS多尺度中的制圖問(wèn)題，成為了當(dāng)前研究的一個(gè)熱點(diǎn)。GIS多尺度制圖通常是經(jīng)過(guò)選取、簡(jiǎn)化、融合、替換等一系列的方式來(lái)得到，而GIS多尺度制圖通常采用化簡(jiǎn)數(shù)據(jù)對(duì)象坐標(biāo)點(diǎn)的個(gè)數(shù)或采用空間索引來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)。在GIS多尺度研究中制圖和地圖數(shù)據(jù)處理是相輔相成的，因此也被統(tǒng)稱(chēng)為GIS多尺度方法的研究。在地圖的多尺度顯示中地圖數(shù)據(jù)的處理速度和制圖方法的選擇直接影響了多尺度地圖的顯示速度和視覺(jué)效果，為了提高地圖多尺度的顯示速度和顯示效果，地圖多尺度顯示方法的研究具有很重要的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。 本文針對(duì)移動(dòng)終端硬件資源有限、對(duì)精度要求不高的特點(diǎn)，提出采用邊緣逼近的思想實(shí)現(xiàn)多尺度地圖的快速顯示。該方法用不同大小的空間網(wǎng)格逼近數(shù)據(jù)對(duì)象的邊緣，用于逼近數(shù)據(jù)對(duì)象邊緣的空間網(wǎng)格越小生成的比例尺越大，相反，用于逼近數(shù)據(jù)對(duì)象的空間網(wǎng)格越大生成的比例尺越小，從而產(chǎn)生大比例尺下地圖信息量較大而小比例尺下地圖信息量較少的視覺(jué)感受。 多尺度除了在移動(dòng)終端中應(yīng)用外，在PC平臺(tái)中也應(yīng)用廣泛，由于在PC平臺(tái)多采用多尺度地圖進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)分析、總結(jié)和歸類(lèi)，，因此需要有較高的精度。通常空間索引方法不會(huì)損失原始數(shù)據(jù)的精度，但是在實(shí)際應(yīng)用中有時(shí)人們不關(guān)心整幅地圖的信息，而只關(guān)心某個(gè)子區(qū)域的信息，此時(shí)沒(méi)必要把實(shí)際消耗在針對(duì)整幅地圖建立數(shù)據(jù)上。針對(duì)該問(wèn)題本文提出了采用混合索引的方法實(shí)現(xiàn)基于PC平臺(tái)的應(yīng)用，其中的主索引實(shí)現(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)對(duì)象的快速定位，使得多比例尺數(shù)據(jù)能夠快速形成，同時(shí)，充分考慮到采用索引方法加快了地圖顯示速度但并未考慮地圖制圖效果的問(wèn)題，提出利用輔助索引記錄地圖中數(shù)據(jù)對(duì)象的填充關(guān)系，使得地圖中不再出現(xiàn)存在視覺(jué)缺陷的數(shù)據(jù)對(duì)象，利用拓?fù)渌阕訉?shí)現(xiàn)地圖中數(shù)據(jù)對(duì)象的拓?fù)潢P(guān)系判斷和拓?fù)洳僮鳎瑢?shí)現(xiàn)不同數(shù)據(jù)對(duì)象的空間位置判斷和動(dòng)態(tài)融合。 本文將提出的兩種方法與原有方法相比較。大量實(shí)驗(yàn)表明，本文提出的方法能夠較快的顯示地圖并且具有較好的地圖顯示效果。
[Abstract]:At present, with the continuous progress of GIS, GIS has been widely used in many fields, such as land management, urban construction, transportation and so on. However, there are still many challenges in GIS multi-scale correlation. In particular, the mapping problem in GIS multi-scale, has become a hot spot of current research. Multi-scale mapping of GIS is usually obtained by a series of methods, such as selection, simplification, fusion, replacement and so on. In GIS multi-scale mapping, the number of coordinate points of data objects is simplified or the spatial index is used to realize it. Cartography and map data processing are complementary to each other in GIS multi-scale research, so they are also referred to as GIS multi-scale methods. The speed of map data processing and the selection of cartographic methods directly affect the display speed and visual effect of multi-scale map in order to improve the speed and effect of multi-scale map display. The study of map multi-scale display method is of great practical significance. In this paper, the idea of edge approximation is used to realize the fast display of multi-scale map in view of the limited hardware resources of mobile terminal and the low requirement of precision. In this method, the edge of the data object is approximated by spatial grids of different sizes. The smaller the scale of the spatial grid used to approximate the edge of the data object, the larger the scale generated by the spatial grid used to approximate the data object. Thus, the large amount of map information in large scale and less map information in small scale are produced. Multi-scale is widely used in PC platform as well as in mobile terminal. Because multi-scale map is used for data analysis, summary and classification in PC platform, it is necessary to have high precision. In general, spatial indexing methods do not lose the accuracy of the original data, but in practical applications people do not care about the information of the whole map, but only the information of a subregion. At this point, there is no need to actually consume the data on the entire map. In order to solve this problem, this paper proposes a hybrid index method to realize the application based on PC platform. The main index realizes the fast positioning of data object, which makes the multi-scale data can be formed quickly. At the same time, Considering that the method of index accelerates the speed of map display but does not take into account the effect of map cartography, the paper puts forward the use of auxiliary index to record the filling relationship of data objects in the map. The topology operator is used to realize the topological relation judgment and topological operation of the data objects in the map, and the spatial position judgment and dynamic fusion of different data objects are realized. In this paper, the two methods are compared with the original method. A large number of experiments show that the method proposed in this paper can display the map quickly and has a better map display effect.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：遼寧大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：P208

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