本文選題：3S技術(shù) + 農(nóng)地資源評價��； 參考：《山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：我國山區(qū)自然資源豐富,開發(fā)潛力大,是生態(tài)安全體系的保障,也是社會經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的后備資源。但因為長期片面追求經(jīng)濟效益,土地開發(fā)方式不盡合理,造成了水土流失、土地退化面積增大、山地災(zāi)害頻繁、生態(tài)環(huán)境惡化等問題,使得豐富的山區(qū)資源不能合理的開發(fā),不能充分發(fā)揮山區(qū)資源優(yōu)勢,在一定程度上阻礙了山區(qū)農(nóng)林牧產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展。農(nóng)地資源適宜性評價是山區(qū)農(nóng)地資源合理利用和有效配置的前提,因此對農(nóng)地資源進行評價具有十分重要的意義。山區(qū)自然環(huán)境、社會經(jīng)濟都必須與一定的人口承載量相匹配,才可以緩解人口-資源-環(huán)境間的矛盾,實現(xiàn)區(qū)域社會經(jīng)濟的可持續(xù)發(fā)展。可見,人口承載力是山區(qū)土地綜合整治與利用規(guī)劃的一項基礎(chǔ)性工作。 本文選取膠東半島具有典型特征的棲霞市作為主要研究區(qū)域,在實地調(diào)查研究的基礎(chǔ)上,結(jié)合“3S”技術(shù),研究區(qū)域地形—土壤—氣候—植被地學(xué)信息挖掘技術(shù),建立基礎(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù)平臺,從棲霞市發(fā)展全局出發(fā),以生態(tài)安全、經(jīng)濟發(fā)展、土地持續(xù)利用為目標(biāo),以研究區(qū)自然本底特征為基礎(chǔ),結(jié)合土地利用現(xiàn)狀等相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù),采用GIS與專家模型相結(jié)合的方法,選取土地適宜性評價指標(biāo),建立土地適宜性評價模型,利用ArcGIS空間分析功能,開展山區(qū)土地宜耕性、宜林性、宜園性以及宜牧性評價,對結(jié)果進行定性和定量分析,得到研究區(qū)宜耕性土地、宜林性土地、宜園性土地以及宜牧性土地的數(shù)量和分布特征。綜合平衡各類用地的適宜性,兼顧國家政策以及山區(qū)功能定位對山區(qū)生態(tài)建設(shè)的要求,按照“耕地優(yōu)先,然后園林牧用地,并且保持現(xiàn)有林地和園地”的原則安排各業(yè)用地,得到棲霞市農(nóng)業(yè)用地綜合布局成果,提出棲霞市農(nóng)用地資源合理利用和保護的對策；在上述研究基礎(chǔ)上,結(jié)合研究區(qū)社會經(jīng)濟數(shù)據(jù),采用生態(tài)足跡法、糧食生產(chǎn)能力法、勞動力需求法三種方法,對山區(qū)合理的人口承載能力進行了科學(xué)估算與判斷。綜合以上研究結(jié)果,得到研究區(qū)各類用地適宜性綜合評價成果和區(qū)域承載人口能力估算結(jié)果。 基于GIS的山區(qū)農(nóng)地適宜性評價評價是一項探索性很強的工作,在評價過程中強調(diào)結(jié)合社會經(jīng)濟特征和經(jīng)濟效益分析,既反映土地的自然特性又要反射出土地利用社會經(jīng)濟效益。在評價過程中本文結(jié)合山區(qū)特征,將數(shù)理模型與GIS技術(shù)相結(jié)合,以區(qū)域自然本底特征和社會經(jīng)濟狀況為基礎(chǔ),探討了山區(qū)縣域農(nóng)地資源適宜性評價的方法,增加了山區(qū)農(nóng)地地資源適宜評價應(yīng)用案例。同時建立的山區(qū)精準(zhǔn)地學(xué)數(shù)據(jù)庫,提高了研究精度,有利于對縣域土地資源空間變化和功能分異進行深入的分析,能夠更微觀的指導(dǎo)實踐,為山區(qū)土地資源管理、農(nóng)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整等研究提供了參數(shù)支持。
[Abstract]:The mountain area of our country is rich in natural resources and has great potential for exploitation. It is the guarantee of ecological security system and the reserve resource of social and economic development. However, because of the long and one-sided pursuit of economic benefits and the unreasonable way of land development, such problems as soil and water loss, land degradation area increasing, frequent mountain disasters, ecological environment deterioration and so on, make the rich mountain resources cannot be rationally exploited. To a certain extent, the development of agriculture, forestry and animal husbandry industry in mountainous areas has been hindered by the inability to give full play to the superiority of mountain resources. The evaluation of the suitability of farmland resources is the premise of rational utilization and effective allocation of agricultural land resources in mountainous areas, so it is of great significance to evaluate agricultural land resources. In order to alleviate the contradiction between population, resources and environment and realize the sustainable development of regional social economy, the natural environment and social economy of mountain areas must be matched with certain population carrying capacity. It can be seen that population carrying capacity is a basic work for comprehensive land reclamation and utilization planning in mountainous areas. This paper selects Qixia City, which has typical characteristics in Jiaodong Peninsula, as the main research area, and on the basis of field investigation, Combined with "3s" technology, this paper studies the regional topographic, soil-climate and vegetation geoscience information mining technology, establishes the basic data platform, sets out from the overall situation of Qixia city's development, takes ecological security, economic development and land sustainable utilization as its goal. Based on the characteristics of the natural background of the study area, combining with the relevant data such as the present situation of land use, this paper adopts the method of combining GIS with expert model, selects the evaluation index of land suitability, establishes the evaluation model of land suitability, and makes use of the spatial analysis function of ArcGIS. The quantity and distribution characteristics of arable land, forest land, orchard land and pastoral land in the study area were obtained by the qualitative and quantitative analysis of the results of the evaluation of land suitability for farming, forest, orchard and grazing in mountain areas, and the quantitative and quantitative analysis of the results were made. The results showed that the quantity and distribution characteristics of the land were suitable for cultivation, forest, orchard and pasturage. To comprehensively balance the suitability of all kinds of land use, to take into account the requirements of the national policy and the functional positioning of mountain areas for the ecological construction of mountain areas, and to arrange the land for various industries according to the principle of "giving priority to cultivated land, then garden and pastoral land, and maintaining the existing forest land and garden land". The comprehensive layout of agricultural land in Qixia City was obtained, and the countermeasures of rational utilization and protection of agricultural land resources in Qixia City were put forward, and on the basis of the above research, the ecological footprint method and the method of grain production capacity were adopted in combination with the social and economic data of the study area. Three methods of labor demand method are used to estimate and judge the reasonable carrying capacity of population in mountainous area. Based on the above research results, the results of comprehensive evaluation of the suitability of various types of land in the study area and the estimation of the carrying capacity of the region are obtained. The evaluation of the suitability of agricultural land in mountainous areas based on GIS is a strong exploratory work. In the process of evaluation, it is emphasized to combine the social and economic characteristics with the analysis of economic benefits, which not only reflects the natural characteristics of land, but also reflects the social and economic benefits of land use. In the course of evaluation, combining the characteristics of mountainous areas, combining mathematical model with GIS technology, based on the regional natural background characteristics and social and economic conditions, this paper discusses the method of evaluating the suitability of rural land resources in mountainous counties. The application cases of suitable evaluation of farmland and land resources in mountainous areas are added. At the same time, the precision database of mountain area is established, which improves the research precision, and is helpful for the in-depth analysis of the spatial change and functional differentiation of the county land resources, and can guide the practice more microscopically, so as to manage the land resources in the mountainous areas. The research of agricultural structure adjustment provides parameter support.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：P208;F301.2

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