本文選題：布格重力異常 + 時變重力場�。� 參考：《長安大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：衛(wèi)星重力測量技術(shù),以其范圍廣、定期更新、無困難地域限制、不受天氣、地形、交通等環(huán)境因素影響的優(yōu)點愈來愈得到廣大地學(xué)工作者的重視。新一代重力衛(wèi)星CHAMP、GRACE、GOCE等的發(fā)射,使得衛(wèi)星重力技術(shù)在固體地球物理學(xué)、地質(zhì)學(xué)、海洋測繪學(xué)、氣象學(xué)以及空間大地測量學(xué)等學(xué)科的研究中發(fā)揮出至關(guān)重要的作用。大地震發(fā)生時常常伴隨著地球深部構(gòu)造的變化以及地下介質(zhì)密度的改變。由于使用衛(wèi)星重力數(shù)據(jù)所獲得的時變重力場能夠反映地球的深部構(gòu)造特征,進(jìn)一步計算得到的布格重力異�？梢苑从车叵陆橘|(zhì)密度的不均勻變化,這使得利用衛(wèi)星重力技術(shù)研究地震發(fā)生時的時變重力場及布格重力異常變化特征成為了可能。由于龍門山斷裂帶地區(qū)處于青藏塊體和川東塊體的過渡地帶且多發(fā)大震,如汶川地震和蘆山地震,而尼泊爾地區(qū)處于印度洋板塊和亞歐板塊的過渡地帶且發(fā)生尼泊爾地震,考慮到龍門山斷裂帶地區(qū)和尼泊爾地區(qū)均受青藏塊體運動的影響,且兩個地區(qū)均有大地震的頻繁發(fā)生,本文計算了龍門山斷裂帶地區(qū)和尼泊爾地區(qū)大震發(fā)生時的時變重力場及布格重力異常變化情況,以期研究大洋板塊交界帶地震與大陸內(nèi)部次級塊體間地震的共同點及差異。因此,本文利用衛(wèi)星重力測量技術(shù)對多震區(qū)域時變重力場與布格重力異常的變化進(jìn)行監(jiān)測,研究了與青藏高原構(gòu)造變形活動密切相關(guān)的區(qū)域的時變重力場的動態(tài)變化特征和布格重力異常的變化情況,探討了區(qū)域構(gòu)造運動與斷層活動的關(guān)系。主要工作和成果如下:(1)本文在介紹GRACE衛(wèi)星重力的基礎(chǔ)上,討論了衛(wèi)星重力數(shù)據(jù)處理的理論方法與策略,重點推導(dǎo)了時變重力場與布格重力異常的計算方法,包括地球重力場、濾波原理、勒讓德函數(shù)、GRACE衛(wèi)星計算時變重力場和布格重力異常的流程等。(2)自主編程實現(xiàn)了勒讓德函數(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)前向列推法的計算,編寫了基于GRACE月重力場模型計算時變重力場和重力異常的程序以及布格改正的程序,從而實現(xiàn)了對龍門山地區(qū)和尼泊爾地區(qū)時變重力場動態(tài)變化特征和布格重力異常變化的探索。(3)基于龍門山地區(qū)2008年與2013年的GRACE月重力場模型數(shù)據(jù),結(jié)合該地區(qū)的地殼運動特征與地震活動情況,計算了龍門山地區(qū)時變重力場的變化情況,以及該地區(qū)重力異常的月變化與十年重力異常的變化情況。結(jié)果表明,從震前、震中到震后,龍門山斷裂帶地區(qū)時變重力場相應(yīng)呈現(xiàn)“負(fù)-正-負(fù)”的變化趨勢,結(jié)合地幔對流學(xué)說,推測其原因是,兩次地震震前,斷裂帶區(qū)域震前殼幔物質(zhì)較少且增速較慢,震中殼幔物質(zhì)增多且增速變快,而震后殼幔物質(zhì)變少增速變慢,這可能是震后位場變化回復(fù)理論的印證。(4)根據(jù)龍門山斷裂帶地區(qū)十年的布格重力異常變化得出,從2006到2015的十年之中,靠近西部青藏高原的斷裂帶西部地區(qū)總體以負(fù)異常為主,靠近東部四川盆地的部分總體以正異常為主,而龍門山地區(qū)基本處于二者的過渡范圍中。推測是由于青藏高原物質(zhì)流的東南向逃逸對龍門山斷裂帶地區(qū)造成的推擠導(dǎo)致的。(5)基于尼泊爾地區(qū)2015的月重力場數(shù)據(jù),結(jié)合該地區(qū)的地殼運動特征與歷史地震活動情況,計算了尼泊爾地區(qū)時變重力場的變化情況,以及該地區(qū)重力異常的月變化與十年變化情況。對尼泊爾地區(qū)時變重力場分析后發(fā)現(xiàn),尼泊爾地區(qū)殼幔物質(zhì)變多且物質(zhì)增速快的地區(qū)呈現(xiàn)出由西北方向向東南方向轉(zhuǎn)移的趨勢。(6)分析尼泊爾地區(qū)2015年布格重力異常的月變化情況推測,尼泊爾地區(qū)北部處于負(fù)異常狀態(tài),這從側(cè)面說明了由于印度洋板塊對歐亞板塊的碰撞擠壓而產(chǎn)生的強烈擠壓應(yīng)力使得喜馬拉雅地區(qū)長期處于俯沖擠壓的狀態(tài),而包括加德滿都在內(nèi)的南部地區(qū)表現(xiàn)為正異常,則說明了尼泊爾地震引發(fā)了該地區(qū)板塊的拉張,推測這與尼泊爾地區(qū)內(nèi)部斷層出現(xiàn)的南北向位移有關(guān)。由尼泊爾地區(qū)十年布格重力異常的變化情況得到,靠近喜馬拉雅地區(qū)的尼泊爾西北部分則表現(xiàn)為正異常,這說明了喜馬拉雅地區(qū)的地質(zhì)地殼長期處于拉張與抬升的狀態(tài)。
[Abstract]:Satellite gravity measurement technology, with its wide range, regular updates, no difficult geographical constraints, the advantages of the weather, terrain, traffic and other environmental factors have become more and more important. The launch of a new generation of gravity satellite CHAMP, GRACE, GOCE, etc. makes satellite gravity technology in Solid Geophysics, geology, and marine surveying and mapping Studies, meteorology, and spatial geodesy play an important role. Large earthquakes often occur with changes in the deep structure of the earth and the change of the density of the underground medium. The time varying gravity field obtained by using satellite gravity data can reflect the deep tectonic characteristics of the earth and further calculate the characteristics of the earth. The obtained Bouguer gravity anomaly can reflect the inhomogeneous change of the density of the underground medium, which makes it possible to use the satellite gravity technology to study the time-varying gravity field and the abnormal change characteristics of Bouguer gravity. The Longmen mountain fault zone is in the transition zone between the Qinghai Tibet block and the East Sichuan block and many large earthquakes, such as Wenchuan. In Sichuan and Lushan earthquakes, Nepal was located in the transition zone between the India and Eurasian plates and the Nepal earthquake occurred. Considering that the Longmen mountain fault zone and Nepal were affected by the movement of the Qinghai Tibet block, and the earthquakes occurred frequently in the two regions, the Longmen mountain fault zone and Nepal were calculated in this paper. In order to study the common points and differences between the boundary zone earthquakes of the oceanic plates and the secondary blocks within the continental continent, the variation of the time-varying gravity field and the Bouguer gravity anomaly during the occurrence of large earthquakes in the region are studied. The relationship between the dynamic changes of the time-varying gravity field and the variation of Bouguer gravity anomaly in the region closely related to the tectonic deformation activities of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau is discussed. The main work and results are as follows: (1) on the basis of the introduction of GRACE satellite gravity, the theory of satellite gravity data processing is discussed. On the basis of methods and strategies, the calculation methods of time-varying gravity field and Bouguer gravity anomaly are mainly derived, including the earth gravity field, filtering principle, Legendre function, GRACE satellite computing time variable gravity field and Bouguer gravity anomaly flow. (2) autonomous programming has realized the calculation of the Legendre number standard forward column method, and compiled a monthly weight based on the GRACE month weight. The force field model calculates the time-varying gravity field and gravity anomaly program and the bouge correction program, thus realizing the dynamic variation characteristics of the time-varying gravity field and the Bouguer anomaly change of the Longmen mountain and Nepal regions. (3) based on the GRACE month gravity field model data of the Longmen mountain area in 2008 and 2013, combined with this area The characteristics of the crustal movement and the seismicity have been calculated, and the variation of the time-varying gravity field in the Longmen mountain area, as well as the changes of the monthly and ten year gravity anomalies of the gravity anomaly in this area, show that the change trend of the time variable force field in the Longmen Mountain Fault zone shows a "negative positive negative" trend before the earthquake, the epicentral to the epicenter. According to the mantle convection theory, the reason is that before the two earthquake, the crust and mantle material was less and slower before the earthquake in the fault zone, and the crust and mantle material increased and increased rapidly in the epicenter, and the crust and mantle material became less slow after the epicenter. This may be the seal of the post seismic response theory. (4) according to the Bouguer weight of ten years in the Longmen Mountain Fault Zone In the ten years from 2006 to 2015, the western region near the Western Qingzang Plateau is dominated by negative anomalies, and the part of the eastern Sichuan basin is dominated by positive anomalies, while the Longmen mountain area is basically in the transition range of the two. It is presumed to be due to the southeast escape to the dragon of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau. (5) based on the data of the monthly gravity field of 2015 in Nepal area, combined with the characteristics of the crustal movement and historical seismicity in this area, the variation of the time-varying gravity field in the Nepal region, as well as the monthly and ten year changes of gravity anomalies in the region. After the analysis of the variable gravity field, it is found that the region of the crust and mantle material in the Nepal region is more and more rapidly increasing. (6) the monthly variation of the Bouguer gravity anomaly in Nepal area in 2015 is speculated that the north of Nepal is in a negative abnormal state, which shows from the side that the India ocean board is on the side. The strong extrusion stress produced by the collision and extrusion of the Eurasian plate makes the Himalaya region be in a state of subduction and extrusion for a long time, while the southern region, including Kathmandu, shows a positive anomaly. It shows that the Nepal earthquake triggered the extension of the plate in this area, which is conjectured to the north and south of the internal faults in the Nepal region. It is related to displacement. From the ten year Bouguer gravity anomaly in Nepal, the north-west part of Nepal near Himalaya shows a positive anomaly, which shows that the geological crust in the Himalaya region is in the state of stretching and lifting for a long time.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：長安大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：P223

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本文編號：1996235