基于GPS浮動(dòng)車獲取道路實(shí)時(shí)車速的方法研究
本文選題:GPS浮動(dòng)車 + 地圖匹配; 參考:《昆明理工大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文
【摘要】:伴隨著社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的不斷發(fā)展,城市規(guī)模擴(kuò)大,城市交通擁堵情況也日趨嚴(yán)重。為保障重慶交通的通暢,市政府在2011年決定開展“重慶市交通綜合信息平臺(tái)”建設(shè),信息平臺(tái)對(duì)重慶城區(qū)的干路網(wǎng)交通信息進(jìn)行采集與匯聚,其中道路車速信息的采集顯得尤為重要。本文則依托交通信息平臺(tái)的建設(shè),開展了覆蓋重慶市主城區(qū)的GPS浮動(dòng)車車速算法研究,以此方法來實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)城市路網(wǎng)運(yùn)行情況的監(jiān)控。 GPS浮動(dòng)車是獲取道路實(shí)時(shí)車速便捷有效的方法,作為研究主體,本文首先對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)外GPS浮動(dòng)車的研究現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行梳理,明確了研究的主要方向:使用出租車作為浮動(dòng)車,整合了重慶主城近5000余輛出租車GPS數(shù)據(jù),保證了樣本量的充足。并針對(duì)GPS浮動(dòng)車處理的相關(guān)基礎(chǔ)理論進(jìn)行了研究,選擇利用GIS地理信息系統(tǒng)作為研究載體。 其次,主要對(duì)GPS浮動(dòng)車數(shù)據(jù)的地圖匹配原理以及地圖匹配方法進(jìn)行了研究。在對(duì)基礎(chǔ)路網(wǎng)進(jìn)行多種多樣預(yù)處理(包括路網(wǎng)拓?fù)涮幚怼⒙肪W(wǎng)校正點(diǎn)處理、路網(wǎng)網(wǎng)格化處理等)的基礎(chǔ)上,利用多種地圖匹配方法相結(jié)合的方式,保證了GPS數(shù)據(jù)的匹配速度與匹配精度。 再次,在地圖匹配的基礎(chǔ)上,開展了最短路徑算法研究。在對(duì)各種最短路徑算法進(jìn)行深入研究的基礎(chǔ)上,結(jié)合道路路網(wǎng)結(jié)構(gòu)特征,利用帶轉(zhuǎn)向延誤的A*算法,對(duì)GPS最短路徑實(shí)現(xiàn)了準(zhǔn)確尋找。并采用路徑匹配檢驗(yàn)的方式,保證了每條路徑的合理性與準(zhǔn)確性。 此外,以運(yùn)算所獲取的浮動(dòng)車行程車速為基礎(chǔ),研究路段車速的計(jì)算方法。實(shí)現(xiàn)了將浮動(dòng)車行程車速與路段車速的聚合。 最后,木文針對(duì)GPS浮動(dòng)車車速的覆蓋率、準(zhǔn)確率信息進(jìn)行了評(píng)估。結(jié)合電子地圖,對(duì)車速的空間分布和時(shí)間分布情況進(jìn)行了評(píng)估;利用手持GPS儀,用車輛路測(cè)的方式,對(duì)GPS浮動(dòng)車計(jì)算車速進(jìn)行了對(duì)比評(píng)估。確定了算法的合理性和準(zhǔn)確性。 通過實(shí)踐證明,本文的研究成果能夠較為準(zhǔn)確地反映城市道路的實(shí)時(shí)狀態(tài),對(duì)實(shí)時(shí)交通狀況的采集具有重要意義,并已經(jīng)成功地運(yùn)用于實(shí)際應(yīng)用當(dāng)中。
[Abstract]:With the development of social economy, the city scale expands and the traffic jam becomes more and more serious. In order to ensure the smooth flow of traffic in Chongqing, the municipal government decided in 2011 to carry out the construction of "Chongqing Traffic Integrated Information platform", which collects and aggregates the traffic information of the urban trunk road network in Chongqing. Among them, the collection of road speed information is particularly important. On the basis of the construction of traffic information platform, this paper has carried out the research on the speed algorithm of GPS floating vehicle which covers the main urban area of Chongqing. GPS floating vehicle is an effective method to obtain the real time speed of road. As the main body of research, this paper firstly combs the research status of GPS floating vehicle at home and abroad. The main research direction is clear: using taxi as floating vehicle, integrating the data of nearly 5000 taxis in Chongqing main city, ensuring the sufficient sample size. Based on the basic theory of GPS floating vehicle processing, GIS is chosen as the research carrier. Secondly, the map matching principle and map matching method of GPS floating vehicle data are studied. On the basis of a variety of pretreatment (including road network topology processing, road network correction point processing, road network gridding processing, etc.), a variety of map matching methods are used. The matching speed and accuracy of GPS data are guaranteed. Thirdly, the shortest path algorithm is studied on the basis of map matching. On the basis of in-depth study of various shortest path algorithms and combined with the structural characteristics of road network, the GPS shortest path can be accurately searched by using the A * algorithm with steering delay. The rationality and accuracy of each path are ensured by the way of path matching test. In addition, the calculation method of road speed is studied on the basis of the speed of floating vehicle which is obtained by calculation. Finally, the paper evaluates the coverage rate and accuracy information of GPS floating vehicle speed. Combined with electronic map, the spatial and temporal distribution of vehicle speed is evaluated, and the calculation speed of GPS floating vehicle is compared and evaluated by using the hand-held GPS instrument and the way of vehicle road measurement. The rationality and accuracy of the algorithm are determined. Through practice, it is proved that the research results in this paper can accurately reflect the real-time state of urban roads, which is of great significance to the collection of real-time traffic conditions. And has been successfully applied in practical applications.
【學(xué)位授予單位】:昆明理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】:碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2013
【分類號(hào)】:P228.4;U495
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