本文選題：RS + GIS��； 參考：《東華大學》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：在快速城市化進程中,劇烈的土地利用/覆被變化造成土地資源利用的不合理,導致了大氣污染加劇、熱島效應(yīng)全球蔓延、世界水環(huán)境惡化和生物多樣性喪失等生態(tài)環(huán)境問題。良好的生態(tài)環(huán)境是國家安定繁榮的基礎(chǔ),與經(jīng)濟發(fā)展、城市建設(shè)、人民生活密不可分,要解決好諸如水土流失、酸雨、大氣環(huán)境惡化、洪澇災(zāi)害等一系列環(huán)境問題,必須要對生態(tài)環(huán)境有快速準確的認識,才能夠?qū)ΠY下藥。 上海作為我國第一大城市,同時也是國際經(jīng)濟中心、國際金融中心、國際貿(mào)易中心和國際航運中心。改革開放后上海發(fā)展迅速,城市化建設(shè)的領(lǐng)先全國,是中國經(jīng)濟發(fā)展最快、人口最密集的城市。但同時,許多生態(tài)環(huán)境惡化的新問題也隨之而來。 本研究在結(jié)合了國內(nèi)外研究成果的基礎(chǔ)上,基于RS和GIS,從上海市的土地利用/覆被變化入手,以2006年國家監(jiān)測總站頒布的《生態(tài)環(huán)境狀況評價技術(shù)規(guī)范(試行)》為基礎(chǔ)進行上海市生態(tài)環(huán)境狀況的評價和研究,并根據(jù)實際情況,研究上海市的生態(tài)環(huán)境演變。 在土地利用/覆被研究方面,通過ERDAS9.2和ENVI5.0軟件對上海市1995年、2000年、2010年三個年份的遙感影像分析、預(yù)處理和分類,再運用ArcGIS10繪制上海市1995年、2000年、2010年的土地利用狀況圖,結(jié)合前人研究經(jīng)驗與社會經(jīng)濟統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù),對上海市土地利用情況進行了包括土地利用結(jié)構(gòu)、土地利用轉(zhuǎn)移矩陣、土地利用變化速度、土地利用程度與土地利用空間變化的多角度研究,以此分析上海市土地利用的發(fā)展趨勢。生態(tài)環(huán)境質(zhì)量與土地利用情況息息相關(guān),在土地利用研究分析的基礎(chǔ)上,將土地利用方面的各項信息及數(shù)據(jù)與相關(guān)統(tǒng)計年鑒數(shù)據(jù)等結(jié)合,參考《生態(tài)環(huán)境狀況評價技術(shù)規(guī)范(試行)》,計算出了上海市1995年、2000年、2010年的生物豐度指數(shù)、植被覆蓋指數(shù)、水網(wǎng)密度指數(shù)、環(huán)境質(zhì)量指數(shù)以及污染負荷指數(shù),最后計算得出上海市1995年生態(tài)環(huán)境狀況指數(shù)EI=52.733,2000年EI=50.148,2010年EI=48.106。上海市1995-2010年間,生態(tài)環(huán)境狀況評價級別屬于一般。 在1995-2010年的15年間,上海市生態(tài)環(huán)境狀況略有退步,生態(tài)環(huán)境狀況指數(shù)有小幅度下降。下降的主要原因是城市的快速發(fā)展,使耕地面積快速減少,向以建設(shè)用地為主的其他土地利用類型轉(zhuǎn)換。城市發(fā)展的同時,各種污染排放逐漸增加。但大量增加的污染排放與生態(tài)環(huán)境狀況指數(shù)的基本穩(wěn)定說明上海市在污染排放控制方面不斷地在進步,在綠地、林地建設(shè)方面也受到了應(yīng)有的重視。研究最后結(jié)合生態(tài)環(huán)境狀況評價分析了上海市生態(tài)安全的現(xiàn)狀與調(diào)整策略,并針對改善上海市生態(tài)環(huán)境狀況給出了一系列舉措建議。
[Abstract]:In the process of rapid urbanization, severe land use / cover change leads to unreasonable land resource utilization, which leads to the worsening of air pollution, the global spread of heat island effect, the deterioration of world water environment and the loss of biodiversity, and so on. A good ecological environment is the basis for the stability and prosperity of the country and is inseparable from economic development, urban construction, and people's livelihood. A series of environmental problems, such as soil and water loss, acid rain, deterioration of the atmospheric environment, and flood and waterlogging disasters, must be solved well. Must have a quick and accurate understanding of the ecological environment to be able to give the right remedy. As the largest city in China, Shanghai is also an international economic center, an international financial center, an international trade center and an international shipping center. Since the reform and opening up, Shanghai has developed rapidly and is the most densely populated city with the fastest economic development in China. But at the same time, many ecological environment deterioration of new problems also followed. On the basis of combining the domestic and foreign research results, this study starts with the land use / cover change in Shanghai based on RS and GIS. Based on the Technical Specification for the Evaluation of Ecological Environment (trial) issued by the National Monitoring Station in 2006, this paper evaluates and studies the status of ecological environment in Shanghai, and according to the actual situation, studies the evolution of ecological environment in Shanghai. In the aspect of land use / cover research, the remote sensing images of Shanghai in 1995, 2000 and 2010 were analyzed, preprocessed and classified by ERDAS9.2 and ENVI5.0 software, and the land use maps of Shanghai in 1995, 2000 and 2010 were plotted by ArcGIS10. Based on the previous research experience and social and economic statistics, the paper analyzes the land use situation in Shanghai, including the land use structure, the land use transfer matrix, the speed of land use change. In order to analyze the development trend of land use in Shanghai, land use degree and land use spatial change are studied from different angles. Ecological environment quality is closely related to land use. On the basis of land use research and analysis, all kinds of land use information and data are combined with relevant statistical yearbook data. The biological abundance index, vegetation cover index, water network density index, environmental quality index and pollution load index of Shanghai in 1995, 2000 and 2010 were calculated. Finally, the index of ecological environment in Shanghai is 52.733 in 1995, 50.148 in 2000 and 48.106 in 2010. Shanghai between 1995-2010, the ecological environment evaluation level belongs to the general. In the 15 years from 1995 to 2010, the ecological environment status of Shanghai has been slightly reduced, and the index of ecological environment condition has declined by a small margin. The main reason for the decline is the rapid development of the city, the rapid reduction of cultivated land area, and the conversion to other land use types mainly for construction land. With the development of the city, all kinds of pollution emissions are gradually increasing. But the increase of pollution emission and the basic stability of ecological environment condition index indicate that Shanghai has been making progress in pollution emission control, and has also received due attention in green land and forest land construction. In the end, the paper analyzes the current situation and adjustment strategy of ecological security in Shanghai, and puts forward a series of measures to improve the ecological environment in Shanghai.
【學位授予單位】：東華大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：X87;P208;X21

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