發(fā)布時間：2018-06-05 00:46

  本文選題：合成孔徑雷達 + 圖像��； 參考：《解放軍信息工程大學(xué)》2013年博士論文

【摘要】：近年來我國社會、經(jīng)濟平穩(wěn)快速發(fā)展，對基礎(chǔ)地理信息的現(xiàn)勢性和精度需求不斷提高。SAR（Synthetic Aperture Radar，合成孔徑雷達）圖像定位與三維信息提取是獲取基礎(chǔ)地理信息的重要技術(shù)途徑之一，具有全天時、全天候、高精度等突出優(yōu)勢。但在SAR圖像定位與三維信息提取中仍存在諸多技術(shù)難題。為了提高我國SAR圖像的定位精度和三維信息提取能力，本文重點對立體SAR圖像定位、單幅SAR圖像無控制定位、多基線/MIMO（MultipleInput Multiple Output，多輸入多輸出）InSAR（Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar，干涉合成孔徑雷達）圖像定位與三維信息提取、SAR圖像匹配等問題進行研究，采用高分辨率機載SAR圖像進行了大量實驗。論文完成的主要工作和創(chuàng)新點有： 1．全面梳理了SAR圖像定位與三維信息提取技術(shù)的研究現(xiàn)狀，剖析了制約SAR圖像三維信息提取實用化的主要問題，結(jié)合對SAR圖像幾何特性與輻射特性的分析，辨析了相干斑與噪聲、圖像分辨率與像元采樣間隔等易混淆的概念，，論述了SAR圖像幾何構(gòu)像模型，介紹了立體SAR圖像定位、單幅SAR圖像定位、干涉SAR圖像定位與三維信息提取的基本原理。 2．針對高分辨率機載斜側(cè)視立體SAR圖像，設(shè)計了標定近距延遲和多普勒頻移參數(shù)的R-D（Range-Doppler，距離-多普勒）模型高精度定位方案，克服了定向參數(shù)求解難題，實現(xiàn)了1米量級誤差的機載SAR圖像立體定位。 3．提出了DEM（Digital Elevation Model，數(shù)字高程模型）輔助的單幅SAR圖像無控制斜側(cè)視定位方案。該方案通過DEM仿真SAR圖像，并將仿真SAR圖像與實際斜側(cè)視SAR圖像進行匹配來提取控制點，采用斜側(cè)視R-D模型計算出定向參數(shù)后，在DEM的支持下完成單幅SAR圖像的定位。針對仿真SAR圖像與實際SAR圖像的匹配問題，研究了分別以仿真SAR圖像、實際SAR圖像作為匹配基準的兩種匹配策略，在實驗分析基礎(chǔ)上，得出了以仿真SAR圖像作為匹配基準效果較好的結(jié)論。采用高分辨率機載SAR圖像，利用SRTM（Shuttle Radar Topography Mission，航天飛機雷達地形測繪任務(wù)）DEM或地球模型方程進行了一系列單幅SAR圖像定位實驗，統(tǒng)計分析了各種單像SAR定位方法的定位誤差，驗證了所提出方法的有效性。 4．提出了差分濾波MIMO InSAR圖像定位與三維信息提取方案。利用DEM，完成了直接法和間接法干涉圖仿真，并采用仿真的不同基線干涉圖進行了單基線InSAR定位與三維信息提取實驗，驗證了短基線InSAR精度低、可解性強，長基線InSAR精度高、可解性差的特點；設(shè)計了差分濾波多基線InSAR定位與三維信息提取方案和中國余數(shù)定理多基線InSAR定位與三維信息提取方案，采用仿真數(shù)據(jù)進行了實驗，驗證了多基線InSAR高精度、高可解性的優(yōu)勢；提出了差分濾波MIMO InSAR定位與三維信息提取方案，由最低頻干涉圖開始進行濾波和相位解纏，并依次對較高頻干涉圖進行差分、濾波和相位解纏處理，從而完成高精度的高程信息反演。采用仿真的MIMO InSAR干涉圖進行了干涉處理實驗，驗證了方案的可行性。 5．針對SAR圖像間相對幾何畸變和輻射畸變較大的問題，提出了利用POS（Positionand Orientation System，定位定姿系統(tǒng)）和SRTM DEM數(shù)據(jù)進行點位預(yù)測的機載SAR圖像多視雙向自動匹配方法。該方法利用POS和SRTM DEM數(shù)據(jù)進行點位預(yù)測，并采用強度影像或其線特征增強影像，進行機載SAR圖像的多視雙向自動匹配。采用多種不同分辨率的機載SAR圖像進行匹配實驗，得到了較好的匹配效果。 6．集成了立體SAR圖像定位、單幅SAR圖像定位、干涉SAR圖像定位與三維信息提取、SAR圖像匹配等研究成果，構(gòu)建了SAR圖像定位與三維信息提取試驗軟件系統(tǒng)，采用中國測繪科學(xué)研究院獲取的機載SAR圖像和仿真SAR圖像進行了大量定位、三維信息提取和匹配實驗，驗證了論文研究成果的正確性和有效性。 在SAR圖像高精度定位與三維信息提取方面取得的研究成果，將提高我國SAR圖像的定位精度，促進我國SAR圖像三維信息提取技術(shù)的發(fā)展和SAR技術(shù)在地形測繪中的應(yīng)用。
[Abstract]:In recent years, China's society has been developing steadily and rapidly, and the demand for the potential and precision of basic geographic information has been improved continuously..SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar, synthetic aperture radar) image location and 3D information extraction is one of the important technical ways to obtain basic geographic information, which has outstanding advantages such as all weather, all-weather, high precision and so on. There are still many technical problems in SAR image location and 3D information extraction. In order to improve the positioning accuracy of SAR images and the ability of 3D information extraction, this paper focuses on stereoscopic SAR image positioning, single SAR image without control positioning, multi baseline /MIMO (MultipleInput Multiple Output, multiple input multiple output) InSAR (Interferometric Synth). Etic Aperture Radar, interferometric synthetic aperture radar) image location and 3D information extraction, SAR image matching and other problems are studied. A large number of experiments are carried out with high resolution airborne SAR images. The main work and innovation of this paper are as follows:
1. the research status of SAR image location and 3D information extraction is combed. The main problems that restrict the practical application of 3D information extraction in SAR images are analyzed. The concepts of speckle and noise, image resolution and the interval of image element are confused with the analysis of the geometric and radiation characteristics of SAR images, and SAR is discussed. Image geometric modeling, the basic principles of stereo SAR image location, single SAR image location, interference SAR image location and 3D information extraction are introduced.
2. for high resolution airborne skew stereoscopic SAR images, a high precision positioning scheme is designed to calibrate the R-D (Range-Doppler, distance Doppler) model of the close range delay and Doppler shift parameters, which overcomes the problem of solving the directional parameters and realizes the stereoscopic positioning of the airborne SAR image with an error of 1 meters.
3. the DEM (Digital Elevation Model, digital elevation model) assisted single SAR image non control oblique side view location scheme is proposed. This scheme uses DEM to simulate the SAR image, and extracts the simulation SAR image from the actual skew side view SAR image to extract the control points. After the skew side view R-D model is used to calculate the directional parameters, it is finished under the support of DEM. In order to locate the single SAR image, in view of the matching between the simulated SAR image and the actual SAR image, the two matching strategies are studied, which simulate the SAR image and the actual SAR image as the matching datum. On the basis of the experimental analysis, the simulation SAR image is a good result of the matching datum effect. The high resolution airborne SAR image is adopted. A series of single SAR image positioning experiments are carried out by using the SRTM (Shuttle Radar Topography Mission, the space aircraft radar terrain mapping task) DEM or the earth model equation. The positioning error of various single image SAR positioning methods is statistically analyzed, and the validity of the proposed method is verified.
4. the scheme of differential filtering MIMO InSAR image location and 3D information extraction is proposed. Using DEM, the direct and indirect interferogram simulation is completed, and the simulation of different baseline interferograms is used to carry out the single baseline InSAR location and 3D information extraction experiment. It is proved that the short baseline InSAR accuracy is low, the solvability is strong, and the long baseline InSAR precision is high. The characteristics of poor solvability, the scheme of multi baseline InSAR location and 3D information extraction with differential filtering and the multi baseline InSAR location and 3D information extraction scheme of the remainder theorem of China are designed. The simulation data is used to test the advantages of the high precision and high solvability of the multi baseline InSAR, and the difference filtering MIMO InSAR positioning and 3D information are proposed. The information extraction scheme begins with the least frequency interferogram for filtering and phase unwrapping, and performs the difference, filtering and phase unwrapping of the high frequency interferograms in turn, thus completing high precision inversion of the elevation information. The simulation MIMO InSAR interferogram is used to carry out interference processing, and the feasibility of the scheme is verified.
5. in view of the problem of relatively large relative geometric distortion and radiation distortion between SAR images, a multi view and bidirectional automatic matching method for airborne SAR images using POS (Positionand Orientation System, positioning system) and SRTM DEM data is proposed. This method uses POS and SRTM DEM data for point position prediction, and uses intensity images. Or its line feature enhanced image, multi view and two-way automatic matching of airborne SAR images. A variety of different resolution airborne SAR images are used for matching experiments, and better matching results are obtained.
6. integrated the three-dimensional SAR image positioning, single SAR image positioning, interference SAR image location and 3D information extraction, SAR image matching and other research results, the SAR image positioning and 3D information extraction test software system is constructed. The airborne SAR images and the simulated SAR images obtained by the Chinese Academy of Surveying and mapping are located in a large number of locations. The experiments of information extraction and matching verify the correctness and effectiveness of the research results.
The research achievements of high precision positioning and 3D information extraction of SAR images will improve the positioning accuracy of SAR images in China, promote the development of the 3D information extraction technology of SAR images in our country and the application of SAR technology in topographic mapping.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：解放軍信息工程大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：TN957.52;P225

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