本文選題：設(shè)施區(qū)位 + 模型與算法體系�。� 參考：《華東師范大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：設(shè)施區(qū)位問(wèn)題是人們?nèi)粘Ｉa(chǎn)生活中一種常見(jiàn)的問(wèn)題,這里的設(shè)施包括公共服務(wù)設(shè)施,商業(yè)設(shè)施,安全防災(zāi)設(shè)施,醫(yī)療設(shè)施等。設(shè)施區(qū)位的優(yōu)劣能直接影響設(shè)施的服務(wù)水平和生產(chǎn)效率,像學(xué)校,公園,消防站,醫(yī)院,警察局等公共設(shè)施的位置好壞能直接影響服務(wù)老百姓的水平,商場(chǎng),倉(cāng)庫(kù)等的選址好壞能夠影響企業(yè)創(chuàng)造財(cái)富的能力,因此正確理解和應(yīng)用設(shè)施區(qū)位理論具有很強(qiáng)的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。傳統(tǒng)規(guī)劃人員很少用定量模型解決設(shè)施的選址問(wèn)題,而政府決策者更不是專業(yè)人士,讓他們用科學(xué)的方法解決區(qū)位問(wèn)題顯然不切實(shí)際。本文的研究目的就是在本實(shí)驗(yàn)室以前工作的基礎(chǔ)上集成出一個(gè)能夠包含五大類設(shè)施區(qū)位問(wèn)題的計(jì)算系統(tǒng),給決策者提供技術(shù)支持。 本文主要是在本實(shí)驗(yàn)室研究的基礎(chǔ)上增加競(jìng)爭(zhēng)型的設(shè)施區(qū)位模型,設(shè)施區(qū)位集成計(jì)算系統(tǒng)把設(shè)施區(qū)位問(wèn)題分為五類,自由選址問(wèn)題,布局問(wèn)題,競(jìng)爭(zhēng)型問(wèn)題,鄰避型問(wèn)題,層次型問(wèn)題。其中自由選址問(wèn)題包括了單設(shè)施重心模型,多設(shè)施重心模型和最大福利模型,其算法使用Weiszfeld迭代算法來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)。布局問(wèn)題分為兩類,重心問(wèn)題與覆蓋問(wèn)題,其中重心問(wèn)題涉及的模型是P-重心模型,使用節(jié)點(diǎn)交換算法求解,覆蓋問(wèn)題包括了P-中心模型,集合覆蓋模型,最大覆蓋模型,主要是參照Minieka算法求解。競(jìng)爭(zhēng)型模型也是通過(guò)Weiszfeld迭代算法。鄰避型的模型分為鄰避上限型與鄰避下限型模型,其算法參照P-中心模型的算法,只是在求解覆蓋問(wèn)題的時(shí)候增加一個(gè)D值的約束。層次型的問(wèn)題包括了集合后備層次型應(yīng)急設(shè)施區(qū)位模型與P-中心-重心層次型應(yīng)急設(shè)施區(qū)位模型。 接著是設(shè)施區(qū)位集成計(jì)算系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì),主要是在軟件工程思想指導(dǎo)下從需求分析,功能模塊設(shè)計(jì),數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)設(shè)計(jì)和核心的公共類設(shè)計(jì)等幾個(gè)方面進(jìn)行詳細(xì)介紹。其中功能性需求分析主要是參照王錚等(1993)的地理計(jì)算平臺(tái)的需求分析模式,在功能模塊設(shè)計(jì)中主要是介紹輸入模塊,GIS基本功能模塊,模型計(jì)算模塊,輸出模塊的設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程。核心公共類設(shè)計(jì)主要是啟發(fā)式算法的基類設(shè)計(jì)。然后在Visual Studio2008開(kāi)發(fā)平臺(tái)使用面向?qū)ο蟮木幊陶Z(yǔ)言C#與ArcGIS Engine9.3二次開(kāi)發(fā)組件庫(kù)對(duì)系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行實(shí)現(xiàn)。最后將設(shè)施區(qū)位集成計(jì)算系統(tǒng)應(yīng)用于兩個(gè)具體的案例,農(nóng)村中小學(xué)選址問(wèn)題和上海市普陀區(qū)大型超市的選址問(wèn)題。 其中農(nóng)村中小學(xué)選址的案例在充分考慮P-重心和P-中心模型優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)的基礎(chǔ)上改進(jìn)出一個(gè)既能保證農(nóng)村偏遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)又能保證人口相對(duì)密集地區(qū)學(xué)生上學(xué)安全的模型,并且將其應(yīng)用到山東省某鎮(zhèn)農(nóng)村的小學(xué)選址。通過(guò)對(duì)改進(jìn)后同時(shí)具有P-重心P-中心特性的模型與傳統(tǒng)的P-重心模型計(jì)算結(jié)果比較,發(fā)現(xiàn)改進(jìn)后的模型更適合農(nóng)村地區(qū)中小學(xué)的選址,它既能夠保證農(nóng)村偏遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)的學(xué)生上學(xué)距離在一定的約束范圍之內(nèi),又能保證人口相對(duì)密集的鎮(zhèn)中心等地區(qū)的學(xué)生上學(xué)方便。偏遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)學(xué)生上學(xué)通過(guò)的道路越短,發(fā)生意外的可能性就會(huì)降低,學(xué)生上學(xué)就會(huì)更安全,與此同時(shí)也能兼顧到所有學(xué)生上學(xué)的加權(quán)距離和相對(duì)最小,即整體福利相對(duì)最大。
[Abstract]:The facility location problem is a common problem in people's daily production and life. The facilities include public service facilities, commercial facilities, safety disaster prevention facilities, medical facilities and so on. The advantages and disadvantages of the facility location directly affect the service level and production efficiency of the facilities, such as the location of public facilities such as schools, parks, fire stations, hospitals, police stations and so on. The good or bad quality can directly affect the level of the service people, the location of the store and the warehouse can affect the ability of the enterprise to create wealth. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to correctly understand and apply the location theory of facilities. It is obviously unrealistic to let them solve the location problem in a scientific way. The purpose of this paper is to integrate a computing system that can include five major facilities location problems on the basis of the previous work in the laboratory, providing technical support to the decision-makers.
On the basis of the research in the laboratory, this paper mainly adds the competitive facility location model. The facility location integration computing system divides the facilities location problem into five categories, the free location problem, the layout problem, the competitive problem, the adjacent avoidance and the hierarchical problem, among which the free location problem includes the center of gravity model of the single facility and the center of gravity of the multi facilities. The model and the maximum welfare model are implemented with the Weiszfeld iterative algorithm. The layout problem is divided into two categories, the center of gravity problem and the coverage problem. The model of the center of gravity is the P- barycenter model, and the node exchange algorithm is used to solve the problem. The coverage problem includes the P- center model, the set cover model and the maximum cover model, mainly reference M The inieka algorithm is solved. The competitive model is also through the Weiszfeld iterative algorithm. The adjacent avoidance model is divided into the adjacent avoiding upper bound model and the adjacent lower bound model. The algorithm refers to the algorithm of the P- center model, only adding a D value constraint when solving the coverage problem. The hierarchical problem includes the set reserve level emergency facility location. Model and P- center gravity center hierarchical emergency facility location model.
Then, the design of the facility location integration computing system is introduced in detail under the guidance of the software engineering thought, including the requirement analysis, the function module design, the database design and the core public class design. The functional requirement analysis is mainly based on the requirement analysis model of the geographic computing platform of Wang Zheng and so on (1993). In the design of functional modules, we mainly introduce the input module, the basic function module of GIS, the model calculation module and the design process of the output module. The core public class design is mainly based on the base class design of the heuristic algorithm. Then, the two development component library of the object-oriented programming language C# and ArcGIS Engine9.3 is used in the Visual development platform. The system is implemented. Finally, the facilities location integrated computing system is applied to two specific cases, the problem of the selection of rural primary and secondary schools and the location of the large supermarkets in Putuo District, Shanghai.
On the basis of full consideration of the advantages and disadvantages of the P- center of gravity and the P- center model, the case of rural primary and secondary school has improved a model which can guarantee the safety of the students in the remote areas which can guarantee the relatively dense population in the rural areas, and applies it to the primary school location in the rural area of Shandong province. By the improvement, it has the P- weight at the same time. Compared with the traditional P- center of gravity model, the model of heart P- center characteristic is more suitable for the selection of primary and secondary schools in rural areas. It can not only guarantee the distance of students in the remote areas of rural areas within a certain confining range, but also guarantee the convenience of students to go to school in the areas with relatively dense population in the town center. The shorter the path for students to go to school in remote areas, the possibility of accidents will be reduced, and the students will be more safe to go to school. At the same time, the weighted distance and relative minimum of all students can be taken into account, that is, the overall welfare is the largest.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：TU984;P208

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