發(fā)布時間：2018-06-02 02:07

  本文選題：設施區(qū)位 + 模型與算法體系　； 參考：《華東師范大學》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：設施區(qū)位問題是人們日常生產(chǎn)生活中一種常見的問題,這里的設施包括公共服務設施,商業(yè)設施,安全防災設施,醫(yī)療設施等。設施區(qū)位的優(yōu)劣能直接影響設施的服務水平和生產(chǎn)效率,像學校,公園,消防站,醫(yī)院,警察局等公共設施的位置好壞能直接影響服務老百姓的水平,商場,倉庫等的選址好壞能夠影響企業(yè)創(chuàng)造財富的能力,因此正確理解和應用設施區(qū)位理論具有很強的現(xiàn)實意義。傳統(tǒng)規(guī)劃人員很少用定量模型解決設施的選址問題,而政府決策者更不是專業(yè)人士,讓他們用科學的方法解決區(qū)位問題顯然不切實際。本文的研究目的就是在本實驗室以前工作的基礎上集成出一個能夠包含五大類設施區(qū)位問題的計算系統(tǒng),給決策者提供技術支持。 本文主要是在本實驗室研究的基礎上增加競爭型的設施區(qū)位模型,設施區(qū)位集成計算系統(tǒng)把設施區(qū)位問題分為五類,自由選址問題,布局問題,競爭型問題,鄰避型問題,層次型問題。其中自由選址問題包括了單設施重心模型,多設施重心模型和最大福利模型,其算法使用Weiszfeld迭代算法來實現(xiàn)。布局問題分為兩類,重心問題與覆蓋問題,其中重心問題涉及的模型是P-重心模型,使用節(jié)點交換算法求解,覆蓋問題包括了P-中心模型,集合覆蓋模型,最大覆蓋模型,主要是參照Minieka算法求解。競爭型模型也是通過Weiszfeld迭代算法。鄰避型的模型分為鄰避上限型與鄰避下限型模型,其算法參照P-中心模型的算法,只是在求解覆蓋問題的時候增加一個D值的約束。層次型的問題包括了集合后備層次型應急設施區(qū)位模型與P-中心-重心層次型應急設施區(qū)位模型。 接著是設施區(qū)位集成計算系統(tǒng)的設計,主要是在軟件工程思想指導下從需求分析,功能模塊設計,數(shù)據(jù)庫設計和核心的公共類設計等幾個方面進行詳細介紹。其中功能性需求分析主要是參照王錚等(1993)的地理計算平臺的需求分析模式,在功能模塊設計中主要是介紹輸入模塊,GIS基本功能模塊,模型計算模塊,輸出模塊的設計過程。核心公共類設計主要是啟發(fā)式算法的基類設計。然后在Visual Studio2008開發(fā)平臺使用面向對象的編程語言C#與ArcGIS Engine9.3二次開發(fā)組件庫對系統(tǒng)進行實現(xiàn)。最后將設施區(qū)位集成計算系統(tǒng)應用于兩個具體的案例,農(nóng)村中小學選址問題和上海市普陀區(qū)大型超市的選址問題。 其中農(nóng)村中小學選址的案例在充分考慮P-重心和P-中心模型優(yōu)缺點的基礎上改進出一個既能保證農(nóng)村偏遠地區(qū)又能保證人口相對密集地區(qū)學生上學安全的模型,并且將其應用到山東省某鎮(zhèn)農(nóng)村的小學選址。通過對改進后同時具有P-重心P-中心特性的模型與傳統(tǒng)的P-重心模型計算結果比較,發(fā)現(xiàn)改進后的模型更適合農(nóng)村地區(qū)中小學的選址,它既能夠保證農(nóng)村偏遠地區(qū)的學生上學距離在一定的約束范圍之內,又能保證人口相對密集的鎮(zhèn)中心等地區(qū)的學生上學方便。偏遠地區(qū)學生上學通過的道路越短,發(fā)生意外的可能性就會降低,學生上學就會更安全,與此同時也能兼顧到所有學生上學的加權距離和相對最小,即整體福利相對最大。
[Abstract]:The facility location problem is a common problem in people's daily production and life. The facilities include public service facilities, commercial facilities, safety disaster prevention facilities, medical facilities and so on. The advantages and disadvantages of the facility location directly affect the service level and production efficiency of the facilities, such as the location of public facilities such as schools, parks, fire stations, hospitals, police stations and so on. The good or bad quality can directly affect the level of the service people, the location of the store and the warehouse can affect the ability of the enterprise to create wealth. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to correctly understand and apply the location theory of facilities. It is obviously unrealistic to let them solve the location problem in a scientific way. The purpose of this paper is to integrate a computing system that can include five major facilities location problems on the basis of the previous work in the laboratory, providing technical support to the decision-makers.
On the basis of the research in the laboratory, this paper mainly adds the competitive facility location model. The facility location integration computing system divides the facilities location problem into five categories, the free location problem, the layout problem, the competitive problem, the adjacent avoidance and the hierarchical problem, among which the free location problem includes the center of gravity model of the single facility and the center of gravity of the multi facilities. The model and the maximum welfare model are implemented with the Weiszfeld iterative algorithm. The layout problem is divided into two categories, the center of gravity problem and the coverage problem. The model of the center of gravity is the P- barycenter model, and the node exchange algorithm is used to solve the problem. The coverage problem includes the P- center model, the set cover model and the maximum cover model, mainly reference M The inieka algorithm is solved. The competitive model is also through the Weiszfeld iterative algorithm. The adjacent avoidance model is divided into the adjacent avoiding upper bound model and the adjacent lower bound model. The algorithm refers to the algorithm of the P- center model, only adding a D value constraint when solving the coverage problem. The hierarchical problem includes the set reserve level emergency facility location. Model and P- center gravity center hierarchical emergency facility location model.
Then, the design of the facility location integration computing system is introduced in detail under the guidance of the software engineering thought, including the requirement analysis, the function module design, the database design and the core public class design. The functional requirement analysis is mainly based on the requirement analysis model of the geographic computing platform of Wang Zheng and so on (1993). In the design of functional modules, we mainly introduce the input module, the basic function module of GIS, the model calculation module and the design process of the output module. The core public class design is mainly based on the base class design of the heuristic algorithm. Then, the two development component library of the object-oriented programming language C# and ArcGIS Engine9.3 is used in the Visual development platform. The system is implemented. Finally, the facilities location integrated computing system is applied to two specific cases, the problem of the selection of rural primary and secondary schools and the location of the large supermarkets in Putuo District, Shanghai.
On the basis of full consideration of the advantages and disadvantages of the P- center of gravity and the P- center model, the case of rural primary and secondary school has improved a model which can guarantee the safety of the students in the remote areas which can guarantee the relatively dense population in the rural areas, and applies it to the primary school location in the rural area of Shandong province. By the improvement, it has the P- weight at the same time. Compared with the traditional P- center of gravity model, the model of heart P- center characteristic is more suitable for the selection of primary and secondary schools in rural areas. It can not only guarantee the distance of students in the remote areas of rural areas within a certain confining range, but also guarantee the convenience of students to go to school in the areas with relatively dense population in the town center. The shorter the path for students to go to school in remote areas, the possibility of accidents will be reduced, and the students will be more safe to go to school. At the same time, the weighted distance and relative minimum of all students can be taken into account, that is, the overall welfare is the largest.
【學位授予單位】：華東師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：TU984;P208

【參考文獻】

相關期刊論文 前10條

1 王錚,許世遠,丁金宏,和瑩;地理信息系統(tǒng)的地學信息需求分析模式[J];地理學報;1993年02期

2 張飛;;基于ArcSDE的空間數(shù)據(jù)庫設計[J];技術與市場;2008年08期

3 湯紅衛(wèi),郭喜慶;基于地理信息系統(tǒng)的農(nóng)村電網(wǎng)規(guī)劃[J];中國農(nóng)業(yè)大學學報;2001年02期

4 黃玲,柳宗偉;選址空間決策支持系統(tǒng)的研究與實踐[J];山東師大學報(自然科學版);2004年03期

5 陳穎;;基于GIS的選址空間決策支持系統(tǒng)[J];中國水運(學術版);2007年04期

6 張廣軍,馬立宏;城市蔬菜集散中心選址問題GIS實證分析[J];物流技術與應用;1999年03期

7 黎青松,袁慶達,杜文;一個結合庫存策略的物流選址模型[J];西南交通大學學報;2000年03期

8 王非;徐渝;李毅學;;離散設施選址問題研究綜述[J];運籌與管理;2006年05期

9 閻守邕,陳文偉;空間決策支持系統(tǒng)開發(fā)平臺及其應用實例[J];遙感學報;2000年03期

10 邵全琴,周成虎,杜云艷,蘇奮振,仉天宇;迭代演進式GIS需求分析模型研究[J];遙感學報;2001年05期

相關碩士學位論文 前8條

1 丁亮;基于AE的礦產(chǎn)資源數(shù)據(jù)管理系統(tǒng)的設計與實現(xiàn)[D];中國地質大學（北京）;2011年

2 李世敏;基于GIS的水資源開發(fā)利用評價模型研究[D];成都理工大學;2011年

3 吳楠;基于ArcEngine的數(shù)字化城市部件信息管理系統(tǒng)[D];西安科技大學;2011年

4 陳建國;區(qū)位分析中的若干可計算模型研究[D];華東師范大學;2005年

5 張穎;鄰避型設施區(qū)位分析系統(tǒng)的建立與應用[D];華東師范大學;2007年

6 張霄兵;基于GIS的中小學布局選址規(guī)劃研究[D];同濟大學;2008年

7 廖悲雨;應急設施布局的決策支持系統(tǒng)及其應用[D];華東師范大學;2008年

8 肖小文;設施區(qū)位決策支持系統(tǒng)設計與開發(fā)[D];華東師范大學;2010年

，

本文編號：1966826